First, the expansion of users

At present, the users in kindergartens have generally broken through the original limitation of 3-6 years old and expanded to 2-6 years old; And high-quality kindergartens are bound to expand to 1-6 years old, offering parent-child parks and baby classes.

even if it is not opened now, parent-child gardens will be opened in the near future.

Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other regions have put forward requirements one after another, and provincial demonstration parks must have parent-child parks.

The trend of younger children's education is very obvious.

Therefore, in the spatial layout, we should consider the indoor and outdoor venues used for the education of infants aged 1-3.

In the future, for densely-distributed group-run parks, such as many public parks in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou, children aged 1-3 and 3-6 are usually divided into parks, and traditional kindergartens are divided into baby parks and kindergartens to enhance the pertinence of education and improve the educational efficiency.

It's similar to the separation of demonstration high school and junior high school.

And many kindergartens usually cover five or six age groups from 1 to 6 years old.

This means that children have to attend kindergarten for four, five or even six years.

With the opening of parent-child park, the influence of parents' participation on kindergartens must be considered.

At the same time, half-day classes are adopted for infants (morning and afternoon classes can be adopted if the students are full), and the pick-up and drop-off requirements are also different from those for infants.

Then, the education of 1 ~ 3-year-old infants and the education of 3 ~ 6-year-old infants, that is, parent-child parks and kindergartens should have separate functions.

It is particularly important to note that with the enhancement of the function of providing cultural services to the community, the kindergarten may become the cultural and artistic activity center of the community and become a "community school".

In addition to traditional kindergartens and parent-child parks, kindergartens may also provide services such as pregnancy guidance, family education, homework guidance for primary school students, weekend interest classes, community parent-child libraries, community choirs, community dance teams, and outward bound training for primary school students.

In this way, the service targets of kindergartens will include primary school students, adults and the elderly.

"Starting at the age of zero, with life" will become our new orientation of running a school.

different users and different service functions put forward different requirements for architectural design.

Second, the division of space

On the one hand, kindergarten buildings can be divided into three parts: office reception area, teaching activity area and logistics service area.

The office reception area mainly includes reception hall, health care room (including morning check-up and isolation room), guard room, public restroom, principal's room, financial room, director's room, conference room, teachers' office, file reference room, etc.

The teaching activity area includes classrooms (including sleeping rooms and toilets), parent-child garden, multi-function hall, scientific discovery room and special function rooms such as art room, piano room and library.

the core of the logistics service area is the kitchen (including dressing room, staple food warehouse, non-staple food warehouse, pastry room, raw processing room, cooked processing room, disinfection room, catering room, teachers' dining room, boiling water room and fruit storage room), as well as office supplies warehouse, logistics supplies warehouse, maintenance warehouse and staff toilets.

On the other hand, outdoor venues can also be divided into three parts: public activity area, children's activity area and green area.

The public activity area mainly includes the kindergarten entrance, roads, publicity and exhibition areas, teachers' carports, etc.

Children's activity area includes playground, large toy area, sand pool and breeding area.

the green area includes the plane green area inside and outside the fence and the three-dimensional green area above the building and the fence.

Kindergarten access routes and entrances and exits should also be divided into primary and secondary, for example, logistics services should take a dedicated channel.

Third, architectural modeling

The facade modeling of the kindergarten is directly related to the impression and evaluation of parents and children on the kindergarten.

The overall layout of kindergartens must be rich in variety, pursuing the interest of space, creating interesting and varied spaces, so that children can like kindergartens and learn and grow through games.

the fa? ade is forbidden to be straightforward, and it should not be as straight as a military camp. It requires a circular arc, dynamic, high and low convex and concave areas, changeable reality, distinctive personality and strong visual impact.

If the building itself is rigid, consider placing some animal and plant sculptures such as giraffes made of glass fiber reinforced plastic on the roof, and hanging some arc and round shapes on the external wall to break the straight and rigid shape of the stairs.

The stairwell can be raised and spired to become the commanding height of the castle.

With the functional zoning, kindergartens can adopt the design of main and auxiliary buildings, or as many buildings as possible, such as administrative office building, infant teaching building, infant teaching building, professional functional building and post-service building.

Fourth, the roof playground

With the increasing floor area ratio of kindergartens, outdoor activity venues are bound to fail to meet the use needs, and the roof playground has become a problem that must be considered in design.

besides being waterproof, the roof playground is mainly a safety issue.

It is suggested to directly use a fence not less than 1.5m around the roof to ensure the safety of children.

5. Set up as many special function rooms as possible and improve the utilization rate

The special function rooms can be set on the north side of the inner corridor for easy use.

VI. There is no dormitory for teachers and staff in the park

No one can stay in the standardized kindergarten except the doorman, which is safe, hygienic and easy to manage.

VII. Gate planning

The gate is the most eye-catching place for the kindergarten and the first place for parents to contact.

on the premise of ensuring safety, try to be open, transparent and atmospheric. Try not to use completely closed doors, which is too depressing.

The planning of the gate is usually designed as a whole system with the publicity column, the kindergarten signboard and the gate head.

For example, we should consider the hanging position of various plaques in kindergarten, set up a kindergarten publicity column next to the gate, and issue notices, recipes, and exhibitions of recent activities in kindergarten.

In order to ensure safety, kindergartens separate people from vehicles, and parents are prohibited from entering the park. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and arrange the parking position in front of the door in advance to ensure the pick-up order.

with the improvement of security requirements, the gate should be equipped with a guard room and equipped with corresponding equipment according to the requirements of public security and fire control.

VIII. Hall Planning

Hotel-style lobby is the basic feature of modern kindergartens today, and it is the expression of kindergarten service consciousness.

One-stop service for parents, which completes all procedures such as consultation, registration and payment in the reception hall, is the performance of high-quality service.

Therefore, kindergartens must try to design a reception hall or a special reception room for parents as atmospheric as possible.

this hall can be 111～311m2.

Its functions can be reflected in two aspects:

First, it undertakes traditional functions such as consultation, registration, charging, reception for parents, and reception for leaders of relevant departments and peers.

accordingly, the doorman, office, finance and other functional departments of the kindergarten can be merged into the front desk, which is the office.

This is convenient for parents, saves manpower, and improves work efficiency (a dedicated person provides one-stop service every day). The corresponding principal's office, health room and other functional offices are all around the hall, forming the administrative office area of the kindergarten.

the second is functional integration.

the multi-function hall, art room, library, social activity area and some external office services can be integrated to improve the utilization rate of buildings.

The hall is an intensive public activity space with complete functions and high utilization rate, which deserves our attention.

IX. Setting up centralized office areas

The office areas of traditional kindergartens are usually scattered and use many offices, and there is a lack of communication and understanding between them.

Modern kindergartens usually set up a centralized office area next to the lobby on the first floor to integrate all the office resources of the kindergarten such as administration, logistics and teaching. Or divided into two parts: teaching, administration and logistics.

The advantages of centralized office are:

◆ Saving space.

it is easy to manage and save energy.

◆ Easy to serve parents, one-stop service.

it is convenient for colleagues to support each other and get to know each other.

X. Wide corridor

It is required to be more than 3 meters, safe and atmospheric.

Xi. Floor height

The floor height of kindergarten classrooms is increasing from 3m to 4m.

In foreign kindergartens, large spaces with sloping roofs are usually used, and the height is five or six meters, which is very atmospheric.

The large space and superior lighting conditions make the kindergarten more transparent and comfortable.

With the increase of storey height, you can set up an attic indoors and put the sleeping room on it to save space.

this is a very important factor in the increase of story height.

but the height of the floor should not exceed 4.5 meters. < P > Too high can easily lead to psychological discomfort of children; At the same time, it reduces the heating and cooling efficiency and wastes energy.

12. Pay attention to the treatment of the sleeping room

Napping in kindergarten is a big problem-it takes up a lot of space and requires a lot of labor.

Traditional kindergartens often adopt a "three-stage" layout: activity rooms and bedrooms with the same structure of 51 ~ 61m2 on the left and right sides, and toilets with a size of 11 ~ 15m2 in the middle.

This layout wastes space, affects the layout and has a heavy workload for teachers.

Therefore, most kindergartens now pursue another kind of "combination of sleeping and teaching": the activity room and the sleeping room share a room of 61-81m2, and the sleeping room no longer occupies a room alone.

this will save about 31% space;

At the same time, the activity room has a large area and the regional layout is more convenient.

the activity room and the sleeping room * * * share a room, and there are usually two ways to deal with it:

one is to use a movable bed or a closet bed.

In this way, the workload of teachers moving beds every day is heavy, and it is not convenient to create an educational environment.

the other is to make an attic.

The attic is directly made in the classroom, which makes the classroom environment cleaner, reduces the workload of teachers, and is also convenient for teachers to tidy up the teaching environment when they are on duty at noon.

More and more kindergartens use this method.

Key points of making an attic:

1. Coordination of the height of the attic

The purpose of making an attic is to save space, so it should be used effectively under the attic, otherwise it will lose its meaning. To this end, the height below the attic must be more than 2m, otherwise it will be very depressing visually and its use value will be greatly reduced.

Because it only sleeps at noon, it is enough to ensure that children don't meet, and the height is about 1.3m: I-beams and planks are used in the middle, the thickness is about 21cm, and the bottom is about 2.5 ~ 3 m. Therefore, it is usually suitable to be an attic when the floor reaches a height of about 4m (the best height is 4.5m).

2. Stairs for going up and down the attic

It is recommended to use collapsible stairs-put them away at ordinary times, close the cover plate, and no stairs can be seen.

3. Ventilation problem

In addition to natural ventilation, you can use the wall fan with shaking head. When the indoor temperature is not very high, it is not necessary to turn on the air conditioner in the whole room, which is safe and saves energy.

4. Location of the attic

Because the attic takes up space after all, especially for rooms with a height of less than 4m, it is easy for the attic to make the space seem cramped. To this end, we must consider cleverly "hiding" the attic, so that people can see it at a glance, and if they don't realize the existence of the attic, they will have a very broad vision.

you can choose to arrange the attic in the opposite direction above the entrance-it's very open when you enter the door, so it's hard to think that the attic is above your head.

Therefore, correspondingly, there is no pillar in the middle of the attic as far as possible, but the beam is fully used to hang the attic above the beam.

or above the bathroom and cloakroom.

5. The size of the attic

In order to solve the problem that all children go to sleep, the attic needs to be made into two rows of beds with a walkway in the middle, which is ***3m wide; According to the class size of 32 people (16 people in a single row) * each person is 1.5m=8m long, it can usually be solved by paving a wall in the classroom.

If there are many children, you can add some movable beds to sleep under, so you don't have to stick to going up.

XIII. Cloakroom

A separate cloakroom is easy to affect lighting and waste space.

The locker can be directly embedded in the corridor wall or under the sleeping attic.

XIV. Daylighting

There should be as few walls as possible and more glass windows should be used.

the window should be as big as possible and the windowsill should be as short as possible.

dado should be as low as possible, mostly below 51cm.

The external wall can be directly made of floor-to-ceiling glass, which can expand the lighting and children's vision.

the door should be transparent.

But at least there is a large wall for theme display; At the same time, it also enhances children's sense of security < P > Fifthly, the door < P > should be transparent.

There are windows of various shapes on the door, which increase children's sense of security and inquiry.

colors are mostly light colors such as white.

minimize the number of doors. For example, the door of the bathroom can be directly used with the door frame.

XVI. Color design

Pay attention to integrity and systematicness, introduce VI visual recognition system and plan scientifically.

Don't paint the wall casually, especially without blank space, it's full of fancy everywhere.

pay attention to the use of colors inside and outside the building, on different floors and in different functional areas.

pay attention to the combination with local climate and geography. For example, use less cool colors in the north.

XVII. Attach importance to greening

Professional design and maintenance are required to improve the greening level.

For example, cooperate with residential property and contract out greening.

more trees should be planted for greening, and the trees are abundant.

With the increasing shortage of kindergarten land, the plane greening rate is getting lower and lower. We must pay attention to the three-dimensional greening of walls, stairs and indoors to increase the green coverage rate.

18. The outdoor activity area should have ups and downs and be full of wild interest.

you can design a hillside with caves under it.

The hillside can separate the children's activity area from the logistics service area.

XIX. Large sand pool

Other instruments can be placed in the sand pool.

the sand pool can be connected to the fence and hillside, which is convenient for cleaning.

The sand pool is of great significance to the development of young children.

but outdoors, we pay very little attention to sand pools.

Because of the constraints of sanitary level and maintenance cost, kindergartens use less water, which highlights the role of sand pools.

21. Separate water and electricity meters for each shift

Especially in the kitchen which is a big energy consumer, it is necessary to install water and electricity meters independently, and make summary calculations every day, week and month.

the weekly or monthly consumption data of each shift is clear, which is convenient for accounting and management, energy saving and environmental protection.

it is easy to mobilize the enthusiasm of all employees and children for saving.

For example, kindergartens can set up a bulletin board to register the daily, weekly or monthly water and electricity consumption of each class; Calculate the per capita consumption and continue to carry out energy-saving and environmental protection activities throughout the park.