Procurement process management refers to the process in which an enterprise plans its procurement activities in order to achieve reasonable procurement and ensure that the demand is met. I've arranged six steps of the procurement process for you, I hope you like it! The six steps of the procurement process

follow the following process: Purchase requisition? Inquiry? Price comparison? Instrument price? Place a purchase order? Delivery management? Put in storage? Reconciliation? Invoice? Payment; 2. For those who have a fixed supplier and an order contract, everything such as the price comparison instrument can be omitted; 3. All requirements (technical quality, delivery time, etc.) must be clearly defined in the procurement process design. < P > First, the links in the procurement process should match the quantity, type and area of purchased items. Too many links in the process will increase the operation content and cost and reduce the work efficiency; If the process is too simple, the procurement process will be out of control.

Second, the procurement process should be kept smooth and consistent, so as to avoid different operation methods of the same procurement document in different departments; Avoid too many departments signing the same procurement document, which will affect work efficiency.

the third is to clarify the tasks, powers and responsibilities of each operation and the verification methods; At the same time, we should pay attention to the principle of flexibility to prevent accidents from causing friction, repetition and confusion in the operation process, such as? Urgent purchase? Wait for an accident.

fourthly, the design of the procurement process should reflect the idea of democratic decision-making, and the design of the procurement process should be decided by the planning, design, technology, certification, order, quality management and other related personnel. A complete procurement process should include the following contents: discovering demand, making procurement plan, selecting suppliers, drawing up purchase orders, following up goods, accepting goods, paying for goods and updating records.

(1) Finding the demand

The starting point of purchasing is finding the demand. For a general enterprise, purchasing comes from the specific needs of a certain department of the enterprise. For example, the office needs office supplies; The laboratory needs experimental equipment; The production department needs raw materials and so on. The person in charge of business activities in each department should clearly understand the needs of the department: what is needed, how much is needed, when it is needed, etc. Therefore, each specific department should put forward its own procurement demand plan and provide it to the procurement department within the specified time, and the procurement department will conduct centralized procurement to meet the needs of enterprise development. For the distribution center, on the one hand, the demand for procurement comes from the actual needs of various departments within the center; On the other hand, it comes from the purchasing needs of customers. The task of the distribution center is to determine the purchase plan by reviewing the purchase demand, for example, how much to purchase; Where to purchase, when to purchase, etc.

(II) Preparation of procurement plan

Procurement plan refers to the deployment and arrangement of material procurement activities during the planning period by enterprise managers on the basis of understanding the market supply and demand situation and mastering the law of material consumption of enterprises. It includes certification plan and order plan. Purchasing plan can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, procurement plan refers to the general name of various procurement plans prepared to ensure the supply of materials for various production and business activities. In a narrow sense, the procurement plan refers to the annual procurement plan, which is the arrangement made by the quantity and time of various materials that need to be purchased in the production and operation activities of the enterprise during the planned year. Purchasing plan is a part of enterprise production plan and an integral part of enterprise annual plan and goal. Compiling a complete procurement plan mainly includes the following eight links:

1. Prepare certification plan

Procurement certification is a process in which enterprise procurement personnel inspect procurement units and establish procurement relationships. The procurement plan needs to be made in cooperation with the certification department. Preparing the certification plan is the starting point of the whole procurement plan, and it is also the basis of making a good procurement plan. It mainly includes four aspects: receiving the batch demand plan submitted by customers, receiving the surplus demand plan, getting familiar with the certified environmental data, and formulating the certification plan specification.

2. Assess the certification requirements

This is the second step in preparing the procurement plan, which mainly analyzes the basic information of the purchased materials, such as quantity, specifications, quality standards, amount involved, etc. Because the purchasing department is the last department to see the specific specifications before they are handed over to the suppliers, it is necessary to make a final inspection. If the staff of the procurement department are unfamiliar with the products or services applied for procurement, the inspection will be invalid. Therefore, the evaluation of purchasing department must be based on specialty to ensure the scientific nature of purchasing.

3. Calculating authentication capacity

It mainly includes four aspects.

(1) analyzing the project certification data, that is, analyzing and certifying the material items that need to be purchased, is an important task of the procurement planner. Generally speaking, it is possible to skillfully analyze the certification data of several materials, and it is very difficult or even impossible to analyze thousands of materials. This requires purchasing personnel not only to be familiar with the business, but also to learn to use professional strength to analyze the situation of purchased materials.

(2) to calculate the overall certification capacity is to determine the total amount of the overall purchased products or services in the procurement market through the analysis of the supplier's order capacity.

(3) Calculate the certification capacity, and determine the number of suppliers that can be used by the distribution center and the number of products and services that suppliers can provide to purchase on the basis of the overall certification capacity.

(4) determine the remaining certified capacity. The remaining certified capacity of a certain material is the sum of the remaining certified capacities of all supplier groups.

4. Making a certification plan

Making a certification plan mainly includes:

(1) Comprehensively balancing the demand and market capacity. Generally, the capacity of a certain material supplied by the market is different from the demand of the distribution center. One case is that supply exceeds demand, and the other case is that supply is less than demand. In the latter case, the purchasing department needs to make a comprehensive balance, determine the remaining purchasing capacity, and then find new suppliers and open up new supply channels.

(2) Make a certification plan. After comparison and balance, the distribution center should make a material demand certification plan and make an order plan based on it. The formula of certified material quantity is as follows:

certified material quantity = sample development demand quantity+inspection demand quantity+sample quantity+mobile quantity

5. Prepare the order plan

This is the first step in the order link, and it mainly includes four aspects.

(1) To forecast the market demand, if you want to make a more accurate order plan, you must master the customer order and market demand plan, and then decompose them to get the production demand plan.

(2) determine the production demand, which is determined according to the production plan. Purchasing planners should be deeply involved in the actual production, learn and master the knowledge of production planning and technology, so as to understand the demand for production materials and determine the production demand of enterprises.

(3) Prepare relevant order environment information, including supplier information, order proportion information, packaging information and order cycle of the ordered materials. Distribution centers generally use computer information systems to manage environmental information of material purchase orders.

(4) Make an order plan description, which mainly includes: an order plan description (material name, required quantity, arrival date, etc.) and attached tables (market demand plan, production demand plan, and order environment information).

6. Evaluate the order demand

Only by accurately evaluating the material purchase order demand can we provide a reference for calculating the order capacity and make a good order plan. It mainly includes three aspects: analyzing market demand, analyzing production demand and determining order demand.

7. Calculating the order capacity

Calculating the order capacity is an important part of the purchase plan. Only by accurately calculating the order capacity can we compare the demand and capacity, and finally work out the correct order plan after comprehensive balance. Calculating the order capacity includes four aspects: analyzing the project supply data, calculating the overall order capacity, calculating the order quantity accepted, and determining the remaining order capacity.

8. Make an order plan

This is the last and most important link of the purchase plan. After the order plan is completed, the purchase can be carried out according to the plan. The content of an order includes two aspects: the order quantity and the order time.

order quantity = production demand-planned receipt quantity+safety stock

order time = required arrival time-certification cycle-order cycle-buffer time

(iii) supplier selection

supplier selection is a key factor for successful procurement management. A suitable supplier can provide suitable, high-quality, sufficient quantity, reasonable price and punctual delivery of materials, and has good after-sales service. The selection of suppliers must make basic decisions. First, decide whether to make or buy; Second, the selection of outsourcing requires a series of evaluations to determine suppliers. In order to purchase effectively, the purchasing department of the distribution center must consider the records of suppliers' travel contracts and the classification table of their own shopping materials. After selecting the supplier of the material, the relevant purchasing personnel in the distribution center will issue the purchase order.

(4) Draw up the purchase order

In some cases, the logistics distribution center and the supplier have signed a sales agreement for a certain commodity, so that both parties can supply goods according to the sales agreement. If there is no sales agreement, the distribution center will draw up the purchase order. The purchase order must be in written form, even if the purchase order is sent by telephone, the written order must be supplemented later.

(5) Follow-up of goods

After the purchase order is sent to the supplier, the distribution center should follow up or rush the goods order. In some enterprises, there will even be full-time tracking and expediting personnel. Tracking is the routine tracking of purchase orders, so as to ensure that suppliers can fulfill their promises of goods delivery. Tracking is also conducive to timely finding problems in procurement, such as product quality problems and delivery problems. After the distribution center finds the problem, it can communicate with the supplier in time and solve the problem as soon as possible.

expediting is to put pressure on suppliers to better fulfill their delivery commitments. If the supplier fails to fulfill the purchase agreement well, the distribution center should take corresponding measures, including threatening to cancel the order and future trading activities. Generally speaking, suppliers are selected through strict procedures, so their credit for complying with the purchase agreement is reliable, and expediting is only applicable to a small part of the purchase order. However, when there is a shortage of materials or fierce competition, it is of great significance to rush the goods.

(6) Acceptance of goods

Many distribution centers have set up special functional departments to accept goods. The basic purpose of goods acceptance is to ensure that the goods ordered have actually arrived; Check whether the arrived goods are in good condition; Ensure that the quantity arrived is consistent with the ordered quantity; Transport the goods to the designated warehouse for storage or transshipment. When goods are accepted, sometimes there is a shortage of goods. This situation may be caused by the loss of transportation; It may also be that the quantity is insufficient at the time of shipment; In all these cases, the acceptance department should write a detailed report to the supplier.

(7) Payment of goods and updating of records

After the goods are accepted, the purchasing department will pay the supplier the goods according to the purchase agreement. This link mainly pays attention to the audit of invoices.