Bronze wares in Xia Dynasty developed rapidly in the bronze history of China. The bronze casting workshop of Erlitou site in Yanshi covers an area of more than 65,438+0,000 square meters. Smelting bronzes were unearthed in the second to fourth phases, and there were also smelting traces in the bronze casting relics of the first phase.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese bronzes formed a unique series of shapes: containers, musical instruments, weapons, chariots and horses, etc. Bronzes are covered with gluttonous patterns, and Kuiwen patterns or the combination of human figures and animal faces form the gods patterns, which reflects the transition of human beings from primitive ignorance to civilization.
By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ceramics had developed greatly, and daily bronze utensils were further squeezed out of life. As for weapons, tools, etc. At this time, iron has occupied a dominant position. Bronzes in the Sui and Tang Dynasties are mainly all kinds of exquisite bronze mirrors, which generally have various inscriptions. Since then, there has been no development of bronzes except bronze mirrors.
Extended data
Bronzes produced in large quantities during the slave society in China were not only owned by slave owners, but also a symbol of their ruling power. At that time, due to various political privileges, such as sacrifice, meritorious military service, book life, reward and so on. Slave craftsmen were often driven to carve and cast all kinds of bronzes. In addition, there are musical instruments, weapons and production tools. Their names and styles are far more complicated and diverse than those of pottery in primitive society.
Although this kind of bronzes belong to handicraft production in nature, they belong to the creative scope of sculpture art from the aspects of design, modeling, sculpture, especially the decoration of the body. The production characteristics of Shang and Zhou bronzes are mainly manifested in the form of vessels and the composition of ornamentation. Symmetry, continuity and other decorative artistic techniques are used to form various images of relief and line carving, with different curves and arcs.
Both the overall shape and the decorative part show a simple, solemn, exquisite and magnificent temperament, but there is also a dignified and mysterious atmosphere, which embodies the class consciousness and aesthetic views of slave owners.
Compared with the pottery sculpture of primitive times, the bronze wares of Shang and Zhou Dynasties made great progress in carving and casting technology. The process of making bronzes is much more complicated. From the design of container pattern to the casting of carving pattern, especially the work of pattern and carving pattern, the content and form of pattern should be determined according to the image and use of different objects, and different techniques such as positive line, negative line and relief should be used respectively.
In this way, making a bronze ware requires a versatile worker-slave sculptor to complete it collectively. Although its production purpose and requirements are dominated by the thoughts of the slave owners, the design and production of various shapes and patterns also reflect the artistic talents and good wishes of oppressed workers and slaves for life.
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