Cold chain logistics (ColdChainLogistics) generally refers to the refrigerated frozen food in the production, storage and transportation, sales, to the consumption of various links in the low-temperature environment is always in the provisions of the food quality to ensure that the food to reduce the loss of a systematic project. It is established with the progress of science and technology and the development of refrigeration technology, and it is a low-temperature logistics process based on freezing technology and using refrigeration technology as a means. For the rapid development of China's agricultural cold chain logistics industry, the state must formulate and implement scientific and effective macro policies as early as possible. The requirements of cold chain logistics are relatively high, and the corresponding inputs in terms of management and capital are also larger than those of ordinary room temperature logistics.
Two, what are the operation modes of cold chain logistics
In recent years, China's cold chain logistics industry has been developing rapidly, and the volume, quality and degree of specialization are all improving. Throughout the domestic cold chain service providers, there are seven modes, including warehousing, transportation, urban distribution, integrated, supply chain, e-commerce and platform. Cold chain logistics can provide customers with transportation vehicles for products with high temperature requirements, which is a high-end mode of transportation in the current logistics industry. To meet these basic needs, each specific cold chain logistics can operate normally and efficiently.
1, distribution type: generally mainly serve supermarket suppliers, supermarket distribution centers, chain restaurant distribution centers, fresh food e-commerce and other four types of customers, that is, direct frozen distribution of materials. This kind of cold chain is generally carried out in the same city, or in the scope of the region for the distribution of cold chain.
2. Comprehensive: It refers to the comprehensive business mainly engaged in low-temperature warehousing, trunk transportation and urban distribution. Unlike a single cold chain logistics enterprise, its business is broader, involving various aspects such as warehousing, transportation and distribution.
3. Transportation type: cold chain enterprises in this mode are mainly engaged in low-temperature transportation of goods, including trunk transportation, regional distribution and urban distribution. This kind of cold chain is generally developed gradually from enterprise logistics, which is transformed and upgraded on the basis of the original logistics of large enterprises.
4, platform type: this mode refers to the construction of "Internet + Cold Chain Logistics" cold chain resources trading platform based on big data, Internet of Things technology, IT technology, and value-added services such as logistics finance and insurance.
5. Supply chain type: the so-called supply chain type refers to the core enterprises, through the control of information flow, logistics and capital flow, to provide low-temperature transportation, processing, warehousing and distribution services from the procurement to the end of the whole process, and then the distribution network will deliver the products to the consumers. In a nutshell, it is a functional network chain structure that connects suppliers, manufacturers, logistics providers and distributors into a whole. This business model is more advanced, is the domestic rise in the last two years.
6, e-commerce type: In the business model of cold chain logistics, e-commerce type cold chain logistics is an emerging model, mainly refers to those fresh food e-commerce enterprises to build their own cold chain platform, they can provide cold chain logistics services for customers on the e-commerce platform in addition to self-use.
7. Warehouse-type: through the development of logistics information automation management, the establishment of cold chain logistics delivery network system, so as to expand the scope of cold chain logistics transportation and form a complete cold chain logistics system. However, there are still problems such as too few cold storage and low concentration of the industry in the construction of warehouse-type cold chain in China.