1. West Lake Longjing
The beautiful scenery of the West Lake and the famous tea of Longjing have long been famous all over the world. Visiting the West Lake and drinking Longjing tea are the best enjoyment for tourists in Hangzhou. West Lake Longjing Tea is produced in the mountains around the West Lake. Its quality features are: flat and beautiful appearance, green color, clear fragrance and mellow inner substance, soaking in a cup, green bud leaves, like hibiscus emerging from water, lifelike. West Lake Longjing tea is famous for its "green color, rich fragrance, sweet taste and beautiful shape".
The excellent quality of Longjing tea is formed by fine processing technology. Taking bud leaves with 1 bud and 1 leaf and 1 bud and 2 leaf as raw materials, it is made by spreading, frying in green pot, moisture regain, screening, steaming pot, screening and sorting (removing yellow flakes and tea powder), collecting ash and storing. The frying techniques of Longjing tea are complex. According to different fresh leaf raw materials and different frying stages, ten techniques such as "shaking, lapping, pressing, spreading, throwing, buckling, standing, grasping, pressing and grinding" are adopted respectively. Anyone who has watched the whole process of frying Longjing tea will think that Longjing tea is indeed a fine handicraft.
To drink Longjing tea, it is advisable to brew it in a glass. Add 211ml of hot water at 81℃ to 3g of tea. After brewing for 3-5 minutes, you can smell, watch and taste it.
In the past, West Lake Longjing tea was divided into five categories: lion, dragon, cloud, tiger and plum. The font size of Lion is produced in Shifeng area of Longjing, the font size of Dragon is produced in Longjing and Wengjiashan areas, the font size of Cloud is produced in Yunqi and Wuyunshan areas, the font size of Tiger is produced in Hupao area, and the font size of Mei is produced in meijiawu area. Among them, it is recognized that the aroma quality of the products produced by Lion Peak is the best.
second, Wuyi rock tea
"Dahongpao" is the best quality of Wuyi rock tea. Wuyi rock tea is produced in Wuyishan, Fujian. Wuyishan is located in the southeast of Chong 'an, Fujian, 61 kilometers from Fiona Fang, with 36 peaks and 99 rocks. Rock rocks have tea, tea is named after rock, and rock is distinguished by tea, hence the name Rock Tea. Wuyi has a long history of producing tea. Tea was planted in the Tang Dynasty, and it was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, an imperial tea garden was set up on the banks of Jiuqu River in Wuyishan to collect tribute tea, and oolong tea was created in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
There are many varieties of tea trees planted in Wuyishan, including Dahongpao, Arhat, Baijiguan and Shuijinggui, as well as those named after the growing environment of tea trees, such as Invisible Heaven and Golden Keys. Named after the shape of tea trees, such as drunken begonia, drunken dongbin, golden turtle, phoenix fern, jade unicorn, a fragrant branch, etc. Named after the shape of tea leaves, such as melon seeds, money, bamboo, gold wicker, willow, etc. Named after the early and late germination of tea trees, such as Yingchun willow and I don't know spring; Named after the tea flavor, such as cinnamon, stone frankincense, white musk, etc.
"Dahongpao" is a fir tea tree, which grows on the high rock cliff in Jiulong, Wuyishan. The stone carving of "Dahongpao" made by the monks in Tianxin Temple in 1927 is still preserved on the rock wall. The sunshine here is short, the light is reflected, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and there are small springs infiltrating and dripping on the rock top all year round. This special natural environment has created the special quality of Dahongpao. At present, there are 6 tea plants in Dahongpao, all of which are bushes with thick leaves and slightly reddish buds. When the sun shines on tea trees and rocks, the rock light is reflected and the red is very bright. There is also a touching legend about the origin of "Dahongpao". It is said that the monks in Tianxin Temple cured an emperor's disease with tea leaves made from tea buds on the rock wall of Jiulong. The emperor covered the tea tree with a red robe to show his gratitude, and the red robe dyed the tea tree red, hence the name "Dahongpao".
"Dahongpao" tea tree has been tested by Wuyishan Tea Research Institute, and the technique of asexual propagation has been successful. After breeding and planting, it can be produced in batches.
The processing technology of "Dahongpao" tea is similar to other rock teas, but it is more refined. Every spring, the new shoots with leaves open for 3-4 days are picked, and they are made by sun drying, cooling, cooking, frying, primary kneading, re-frying, re-kneading, roasting in water, winnowing, spreading, cooling, picking, re-roasting, winnowing again and supplementing fire.
Third, Huangshan Mao Feng
Huangshan is located between Shexian County, Taiping County, Xiuning County and Guizhou County, Anhui Province, with lofty and peculiar peaks, vigorous and colorful Jinsong, clear and turbulent mountain springs and undulating sea of clouds. It is known as the "four wonders" of Huangshan Mountain and is fascinating. Xu Xiake, a famous traveler in the Ming Dynasty, pushed Huangshan Mountain to the top of China's famous mountains, leaving a famous saying that "the five mountains return without looking at the mountains, and Huangshan Mountain returns without looking at the mountains".
due to the high mountains, good soil quality, warmth and humidity, "fog is everywhere in the morning and evening in sunny days, and clouds are everywhere in rainy days" in Huangshan area, which is very suitable for the growth of tea trees and has a long history of tea production. According to historical records, Huangshan tea was quite famous more than 411 years ago. "Huangshanzhi" said: "Tea is raised in a stone gap next to the Lotus Temple, which is fragrant and cold, and it attacks people and breaks their palates, so it is called Huangshan Yunwu Tea". Legend has it that this is the predecessor of Huangshan Mao Feng. Huizhou Fuzhi records: "Tea production in Huangshan started in Jiayou of Song Dynasty and flourished in Qin Long of Ming Dynasty". When the real Huangshan Mao Feng tea was created, according to the Huizhou Chamber of Commerce Information, it originated in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (around 1875). At that time, a Shexian tea merchant Xie Zhengan (word Jinghe) started the "Xie Yutai" tea shop. In order to meet the market demand, before and after the Qingming period, he personally led people to Chongchuan, Tangkou and other famous mountain gardens to select and collect fertilizer and tender leaves, and after careful roasting,
Huangshan Mao Feng tea is produced in Huangshan Scenic Area and adjacent areas such as Tangkou, Chongchuan, Gangcun, Fangcun, Yangcun and Changtan, among which Taohuafeng, Yungu Temple, Ciguang Pavilion, Gangcun and Chongchuan have the best quality. Huangshan Mao Feng is divided into special grade and grade 1, 2 and 3. The special grade Huangshan Mao Feng is harvested before and after the Qingming Festival, picking 1 buds and 1 leaves, and other grades pick 1 buds and 1 leaves or 1 buds and 2 leaves or 1 leaves and 3 leaves. Choose high-grade tea with strong buds and many hairs. After being lightly spread, it is made by high-temperature deactivation, frying and baking.
Mao Feng, a special Huangshan Mountain, looks like a sparrow's tongue, with white hairs exposed, ivory color and golden fish leaves. After brewing, the fragrance is high and long, the soup color is clear, the taste is fresh, thick, mellow and sweet, the leaves are light yellow and fat. Among them, "golden fish leaves" and "ivory-like color" are two obvious features that distinguish the appearance of the Mao Feng of the super Huangshan Mountain from other Mao Feng.
The water temperature of Mao Feng in Huangshan Mountain should be about 81℃ when brewing. Glass or white porcelain teacups can be used. Generally, it can be brewed with water for 2-3 times.
iv. melon slices in Lu' an
"The chronicles of Tang and Song Dynasties are all related to the production of tea in Shouzhou, and they are named after the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Huoshan, Shouzhou and Anfengjun. Today's natives say: Shouzhou also produces tea, and the famous cloud is the best, which can melt the stagnation and remove the heavy load ... "(Qing Daoguang's Shouzhou Zhi). Shengtang County is now Lu 'an County. It can be seen that Lu 'an tea is one of the famous teas known since the Tang Dynasty.
there is no textual research on the historical origin of Luan melon slices. Over the years, many tea workers have traced their roots and gained a little. There are two more credible legends. First, around 1915, a tea appraiser of Lu 'an Tea Company picked tender leaves and removed stems from the purchased green tea, and it was successful as a new product. Information spread like wildfire, and the tea shop in Mazhai, Jinzhai, was moved by the wind and hired tea workers, such as collecting tea by law, and named it "Fengchi" (meaning Bee Wing). This inspired a local tea shop to remove the stems and buds from the fresh leaves collected at the back of Tongtou Mountain, and fry the young leaves and the old leaves separately. As a result, the color, fragrance, taste and shape of the finished tea dwarfed the "peak wings". So nearby tea farmers competed to learn and copied them. This kind of flaky tea looks like sunflower seeds and is called "melon seeds" one by one. Later it was called "melon slices".
Second, the rich man in Zhujialou near Mabu is related to Yuan Shikai. I wish my family filial piety with local products. Yuan became addicted to tea, and tea was an indispensable gift. However, the local tea, chrysanthemum tea and Maojian tea at that time could not satisfy Yuan. Around 1915, in order to please Yuan, Zhujia hired local experienced tea workers in Houchong, specially picked the 1.12 tender leaf of spring tea, carefully fried it with a broom, and baked it with charcoal fire. The new tea made was beautiful in shape and won Yuan's appreciation. Local tea shops are also paying high prices to promote tea farmers to imitate. After the new tea was put on the market, it was famous far and wide, and even the peak wings were inferior. Although the quality of Fengwing is better than that of Dacha, its harvesting technology is the same as that of Dacha. However, melon slices stand out from the crowd, with unique color, fragrance, ignorance and shape, which has increasingly won the favor of drinkers and gradually developed into a national famous tea.
times have changed, and it's hard to tell the difference between reality and reality. However, the above two legends are consistent in three points. First, Luan Guapian came out around 1915; Secondly, the producing area of Luan melon slices is in Houchong, near Qitou Mountain in Mabu, Jinzhai County, and Mabu has been submerged and disappeared with the completion of xianghongdian reservoir. But in the past, it used to be the main distribution center of Luan melon chips; Thirdly, the picking and processing technology of melon slices in Lu 'an is based on big tea, absorbing the essence of orchid tea and Maojian manufacturing technology, and gradually creating success. At present, there are still many similarities with big tea in terms of tea making tools and technology. At present, spring tea is used to make melon slices, while summer tea is still used to make big tea, forming a combined production.
The shape of Luan melon slices is like a melon-shaped single piece, which is naturally flat, with slightly warped leaf edges, bright green color and even size, without bud tips and tea stalks; The fragrance is Gao Shuang, the taste is fresh and mellow, the soup color is clear and bright, and the leaves are green, tender and bright. In the past, according to the season of harvesting, it was divided into three varieties: "Tipian", which was harvested in Grain Rain, had the best quality; The bulk products collected afterwards are called "melon slices"; In the rainy season, fresh leaves are thick and old, and the quality is poor, which is called "plum slices". At present, the "Qishan business card" is divided into 1 ~ 3 grades, and the inner mountain melon slices and the outer mountain melon slices are divided into 4 grades and 8 grades.
Luan melon chips are unique among famous teas in China. Their picking, pulling, frying and baking techniques are unique, and their quality is also unique. Although its production history is less than 111 years, it is incomparable to many famous teas in terms of current production scale and technical be adept at. In order to make full use of the fresh leaf resources, tea workers in Jinzhai County have recently made the bud tip of the "needle handle" into a new famous tea-"Qishan Cuimei", which is eyebrow-shaped, smart, vivid, green and fresh, and was awarded as a famous tea at the Xi 'an Famous Tea Appraisal Meeting of the Ministry of Agriculture in 1989.
Fifth, the silver needle of Junshan
"Talking about sweeping the Ming Lake to open a jade mirror, Dan Qing painted Junshan" (Li Bai's poem) "Looking at the Dongting Lake with green mountains and rivers, a plate of green snails in a silver plate" (Liu Yuxi's poem). This is a lyric poem by two great poets in Tang Dynasty about Junshan in Dongting. "Jade mirror embedded in Junshan, silver plate supporting green snail" is indeed a magnificent spectacle. Junshan and Junshan famous tea have always had an indissoluble bond. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a poem in Wannian Chun: "Try to cook the sparrow tongue in the sparrow spring, and it looks like Junshan."
Yueyang city, where Junshan is located, was called Yuezhou in ancient times. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhiming's Records of Yueyang Terrestrial Habits recorded the tea of Tanhu Lake. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Yu's "Xiaoxiang Listening to the Rain" recorded: "There are different places for middle-class tea in Hunan. ..... and the Maojian of Junshan Mountain in Dongting is the first. Although it is not as good as the other products, it does not produce much, which is not enough for all directions. " In the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Food List" recorded: "Tea comes from Junshan in Dongting, with the same color and taste as Longjing. The leaves are slightly wide and green, and they are rarely picked." In the Qing Dynasty, Huang Benji's Records of Hunan Fangwu comprehensively described the general situation of tea production in Hunan. When describing Yuezhou tea, the author not only quoted Yueyang local customs, Xiaoxiang listening to the rain, and eating with the garden, but also quoted Shunnan provincial records, "Baling Junshan produces tea, which is tender and green like lotus plums, and is used as a tribute at the age of five." Zhuang Wanfang's book "Famous Tea in China" said: "Laojunmei Tea" in A Dream of Red Mansions is Junshan Silver Needle.
Xu Ke's "Dream of Xiang Ba Yu" describes the literati's comments on tea, saying that the taste of tea is "light and clear", and it is not good to be too light or too strong, so Junshan is expensive. He also said, "Dongpo cloud, tea is white, and if you taste Junshan tea, the tea will be white." There are more than ten tea trees in Junshan Temple. When they germinate, Yuezhou sent guards to guard them, so as to prevent them from being stolen. At the age of 21, they were used as tributes in suburban days, and their leaves were washed up ... "Dongpo in the article is Su Shi, a layman in Dongpo of the Northern Song Dynasty, which shows that tea production in Junshan began in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The manufacturing of Junshan Silver Needle is particularly delicate and unique, and it is divided into three working procedures: deactivation, spreading and cooling, primary baking, primary packaging, secondary baking, spreading and cooling, secondary packaging and full fire, which last for more than 71 hours.
the storage of junshan silver needle is very particular. Heat gypsum and mash it, spread it on the bottom of the box, pad it with two layers of leather paper, pack the tea leaves into small packets with leather paper, put it on the leather paper, and seal the box cover. As long as you pay attention to changing the gypsum in time, the quality of silver needles will remain unchanged for a long time.
junshan Yinzhen belongs to bud tea. Because of the excellent variety of tea trees, the branches are sparse and the buds are fat and heavy, there are about 25,111 buds per catty of Yinzhen tea. Junshan Silver Needle has a unique style, little annual output and superior quality, and is the ambassador of the famous and excellent tea for the country. Its bud head is fat, firm and straight, the bud body is golden, the slope is full of silver, the soup color is orange and bright, the aroma is pure, the taste is sweet and refreshing, and the leaf bottom is bright and yellow. According to the fat degree of bud head, Junshan silver needle products are divided into three grades: special number, No.1 and No.2.
junshan silver needle was honored as "gold inlaid jade" and won a gold medal at the Leipzig International Expo in 1956 because of its excellent quality. Its price is also the highest in China's current famous tea.