Text 1. communication engineering
With the development of electrical information, communication engineering has become one of the hottest engineering majors for college entrance examination students in recent years.
Communication engineering majors mainly study signal generation, information transmission, exchange and processing, as well as theoretical and engineering applications in computer communication, digital communication, satellite communication, optical fiber communication, cellular communication, personal communication, stratospheric communication, multimedia technology, information superhighway and digital program-controlled exchange. With the invention of telegraph by Americans in the19th century, modern communication technology came into being. In order to meet the increasing technical demand, communication engineering has become a subject in American university education, and it has developed rapidly with the continuous improvement of modern technology.
(2) The main subjects of this major are information and communication engineering, electronic science and technology, computer science and technology.
This major systematically studies the basic knowledge of mathematical physics, English, computer series courses, analog and digital circuits series courses, and at the same time studies basic courses such as signals and systems, digital signal processing, electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves, and communication principles.
According to the needs of modern communication development, this major has four major directions: (1) communication network and exchange; (2) Optical fiber communication; (3) wireless communication; (4) Information processing and multimedia technology. Students can study the main professional courses of communication engineering in an all-round way, and at the same time have their own strengths in a certain professional direction.
After graduation, I can engage in research, design, technology introduction and technology development in the fields of wireless communication, television, large-scale integrated circuits, intelligent instruments and applied electronics, design and communication engineering. In recent years, graduates are concentrated in communication systems, high-tech development companies, research institutes, design units, financial systems, civil aviation, railways, governments and universities.
(3) As senior engineering and technical talents in scientific research, engineering design, equipment manufacturing and network operation, graduates of this major are active in the fields of communication network and exchange, optical fiber communication, wireless communication, information processing and multimedia communication, and are engaged in the research, design, development, operation and technical management of communication equipment, systems and networks. They are the backbone of the domestic information and communication industry and are also distributed in joint ventures and foreign companies.
Universities with strong strength in setting up communication engineering are: Tsinghua University, xidian university, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, National University of Defense Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Peking University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Southeast University, Beijing Jiaotong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University and Xi Jiaotong University.
Second, the mechanical design and manufacture and automation
This major trains senior engineering and technical personnel with basic knowledge and application ability of mechanical design and manufacturing, who can engage in design and manufacturing, scientific and technological development, applied research, operation management and sales in the field of mechanical manufacturing in the front line of industrial production.
Students in this major mainly study the basic theory of mechanical design and manufacturing, learn the basic knowledge of microelectronics technology, computer technology and information processing technology, accept the basic training of modern mechanical engineers, and have the basic ability of mechanical product design, manufacturing, equipment control and production organization and management.
The major of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation involves the design, manufacturing, scientific and technological development, applied research, operation management and sales of the mechanical industry, and it is an industry with great social demand. The specific research contents include developing low-pollution automobile engines, providing new materials of aluminum alloy and shape memory alloy with mechanical properties, researching and improving the performance of automobile turbocharged engines, and developing vibration and noise reduction machinery. With the needs of China's modernization and the development of aerospace, shipbuilding, mining and other industrial fields, machinery manufacturing and its automation need to develop by leaps and bounds, with great room for development.
The content of teaching is very extensive, but the specific schools focus on different things. The course will be slightly different. The main courses are: mechanical drawing, engineering mechanics, mechanical design foundation, mechanical manufacturing foundation, fluid mechanics and hydraulic technology, engineering thermodynamics, electrical and electronic technology, computer control system, mechanical engineering materials, CAD/CAM technology, precision machining, modern testing technology, electromechanical integration technology, automatic control foundation and industrial enterprise management. In addition, we must have a solid foundation in natural science. In my senior year, I had the opportunity to practice in a large manufacturing enterprise, such as going to an automobile factory to actually participate in automobile manufacturing.
After graduating from this major, most of them will become a mechanical design engineer, mainly engaged in the design, manufacture, control and maintenance of mechanical and electrical products, computer control and management, teaching and research of modern enterprises, etc.
In terms of professional training, few schools really integrate mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, mainly some comprehensive key universities, such as Tsinghua University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University. Most engineering schools have specific or subdivided majors, such as agricultural machinery design, manufacturing and automation.
Three. enterprise management
The success of an enterprise and economic development depend not only on the technical level, but also on the management level. How to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, how to reduce operating costs, how to seize fleeting business opportunities, and how to formulate the development strategy of enterprises according to market prospects are all problems to be solved in business administration. Business administration is a highly applied discipline, and its goal is to make effective enterprise management and management decisions by using the modern management science method according to the basic theories of management and economics. Business administration focuses on cultivating students' management ability, so learners need to have certain leadership potential.
The basic theoretical courses of this major include: economics, economic law, management, enterprise strategic management, operation management, human resource management, accounting, statistics, computer programming, database principles and applications. In addition, classroom teaching also includes many very interesting discussion classes, case analysis classes and so on. Of course, there are still many practical opportunities: conducting social surveys, conducting management internships in enterprises, or providing management consulting for local SMEs. It provides a stage for you to apply what you have learned, and it will also make your college life more rewarding.
After graduating from this major, I worked as a manager in the economic and government departments. Graduates majoring in business administration have a wide range of employment, and companies, enterprises and government departments are all useful places for them.
There are many institutions offering business administration, which is close to 1000. When choosing, we should pay attention to the faculty, dominant majors and whether there is a good cooperative relationship with enterprises. Enterprise management of Renmin University of China is a national key discipline, and Guanghua School of Management of Peking University and Tsinghua School of Economics and Management all have very good business administration majors. Other majors like Nankai, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Fudan University are all good.
Fourth, computer science and technology.
This major trains senior scientific and technological talents who have good scientific literacy, systematically and well grasp the basic theories, basic knowledge, basic skills and methods of computer science and technology, including computer hardware, software and application, and can engage in computer teaching, research and application in scientific research departments, educational units, enterprises and institutions, technology and administrative departments.
Main subject: computer science and technology
Main courses: circuit principle, analog electronic technology, digital logic, digital analysis, computer principle, microcomputer technology, computer system structure, computer network, high-level language, assembly language, data structure, operating system, calculation method, discrete mathematics, probability statistics, linear algebra and algorithm design and analysis.
Similar majors: microelectronics, automation, electronic information engineering, geographic information system, communication engineering, computer science and technology, electronic science and technology, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering and automation, information engineering, information science and technology, software engineering, film and television art technology, network engineering, information display and photoelectric technology, integrated circuit design and integration system, photoelectric information engineering, radio and television engineering, electrical information engineering, computer software, Power engineering and management, intelligence science and technology, digital media art, detection, guidance and control technology, digital media technology, information and communication engineering, building electricity and intelligence, electromagnetic field and wireless technology.
Employment status of graduates
1. The employment prospect of network engineering is good. After graduation, students can go to large telecom service providers and large communication equipment manufacturing enterprises at home and abroad for technical development, and they can also go to other enterprises and institutions to engage in design, maintenance, education and training in the field of network engineering.
2. The employment prospect of software engineering is very broad. After graduation, students can go to the information technology departments and education departments of many software enterprises, state organs, large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions at home and abroad to engage in technical development, teaching, scientific research and management in the field of software engineering. You can also continue to study for postgraduate students majoring in computer science and technology and master of software engineering.
3. After graduation, students majoring in communication can engage in the research, teaching and engineering of communication technology and electronic technology in information industry, finance, post and telecommunications, transportation, national defense, universities and scientific research institutions.
4. The major of network and information security is wide-ranging, and the main subjects are information security and network engineering. After graduation, students can be senior professional engineers and technicians engaged in computer network system and information security management and service in government, national defense, military, telecommunications, electric power, finance, railway and other departments. And can continue to study for a master's degree in information security, communication, information processing, computer software and other related disciplines.
Talent demand analysis: 1. China has a great demand for computer application professionals; 2. The demand for CNC talents has increased; 3. Software talents are optimistic; 4. The demand for talents in telecom industry continues to grow.
There are basically two routes for the career development of computer science and technology graduates:
The first route, pure technical route; The information industry is a sunrise industry, which puts forward higher requirements for talents, because the characteristics of this industry are that the technology is updated quickly, employees need to constantly supplement new knowledge, and at the same time, the learning ability of employees is also very demanding;
The second route, from technology to management, is particularly common in the computer industry. For example, programming is a very intensive job. With the growth of age, many professionals in this industry often feel at a loss, so it is a good choice to transform from technical talents to management talents.
Five, foreign language and literature major
While learning a foreign language, we should learn the literature, history, politics, economy and culture of all countries in the world, so as to use this language to promote international cultural, technical and economic exchanges. You can learn English, Japanese and French, and you can also learn some non-common languages, such as Spanish and Italian. In learning, the ability to master and freely use the language is the first, from practicing pronunciation to learning lexical and grammatical knowledge, and finally to reading, speaking, discussing, translating and writing articles in a foreign language. In short, you will be immersed in a foreign language all day after entering school. This major also requires learners' Chinese ability and a second foreign language.
The main courses of this major include basic foreign languages, advanced foreign languages, audio-visual, oral English, corresponding language writing, translation theory and practice, introduction to linguistics, newspaper reading, simultaneous interpretation, cultural introduction and cultural exchange of corresponding countries. In the lower grades, students mainly lay a good foundation for learning foreign languages, and at the same time study Chinese specialized courses in literature, history, economy, politics and culture and a second foreign language according to their research direction; Since my senior year, I began to study foreign language courses. Many foreign teachers give lectures because they attach importance to the practicality of language. There are various forms of study, such as games, music, movies and other forms of teaching, and some schools will organize internships in embassies, friendly exchanges with foreign universities, and short-term study abroad. It is also interesting to make friends with foreign friends.
After graduation, most of them are engaged in the following jobs: teachers-serving as foreign language teachers in middle schools or universities; Researchers-go to universities or research institutes to learn the corresponding languages; Translation-engaged in translation work in the foreign affairs and economic and trade departments of the country; Translate in some foreign companies and foreign companies; A large number of people will engage in foreign language-related work in government agencies and institutions.
Many colleges and universities offer foreign language and literature majors. There are more than 350 universities offering English majors, 140 universities offering Japanese and Russian majors, more than 30 universities offering German and French majors, and many other non-common language majors. It is suggested to choose a comprehensive university or a specialized foreign language university. Among them, Peking University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Shanghai International Studies University, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Xi International Studies University, etc.
Sixth, finance and economics majors
With the rapid development of China's economy, the research of economic disciplines has received unprecedented attention, and economic disciplines stand out among all kinds of disciplines. Every year, thousands of students apply for economics majors, and the scene is spectacular.
There are six majors in finance and economics, namely economics, international economy and trade, finance, insurance, investment and finance. Among them, general colleges and universities also offer the first three majors, while key colleges and universities often offer the last three majors.
1. Economics major
Economics can be subdivided into many research directions, including political economics, western economics, regional economics, national economics and so on. Due to the emphasis on basic learning in undergraduate course, most universities only offer economics majors, and only a few powerful key universities offer various disciplines, such as political economics major of China Renmin University and trade economics major of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law.
2. Major in International Economics and Trade
International economy and trade is a foreign-related subject, the core of which is the word "international", which requires graduates to have a high level of foreign language. It is very necessary to master international business language and professional English. Students can supplement their knowledge of foreign trade English while strengthening their English study.
Students who are interested in international economy and trade should not only pay attention to the academic strength of the school, but also examine its geographical location when choosing a school. The development of international trade is highly dependent on geographical location. The obvious geographical advantages of the eastern coastal areas will not only provide more employment opportunities, but also be more open and more in line with the requirements of international trade internationalization.
3. Finance major
With the opening of China's financial market and the maturity of market economy, banks, securities, trusts and other industries have developed rapidly, and finance has become a hot economic discipline in recent years.
"Finance" is financing, and the purpose of finance is to cultivate financial talents. Solid professional knowledge and good communication skills are the basic requirements for students majoring in finance. With the rapid development of financial industry in the world today, students majoring in finance should always keep abreast of the times, constantly learn all kinds of latest financial knowledge and keep their knowledge updated. In addition, with the development of economy, there are other high requirements for financial majors, such as higher requirements for professional skills and foreign language ability, requiring students to have outstanding foreign language level and professional skills while learning professional knowledge well.
4. Finance major
Compared with the wide coverage of economics and the emphasis of international economy and trade on "internationality", the content covered by finance is much smaller. Students majoring in public finance master the basic theory and knowledge of public finance through in-depth study of core courses such as public finance, national budget, tax management, international taxation and state-owned assets management, and have the basic ability to handle fiscal and taxation affairs.
The specialty of public finance is characterized by emphasizing the ability of accounting. It can be said that the public finance major trains the "accounting" of the national tax department. In our study, we need to use mathematical tools, especially the knowledge of statistics and auditing. Students who are good at mathematical logic or interested in it will have an advantage. Students who are more cautious and careful are less likely to make mistakes, and are suitable for learning their major well and engaging in related work.
Graduates majoring in finance can engage in tax planning, asset management, auditing and other work in government finance departments, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Tax Bureau, or do corporate tax returns and audit financial statements in accounting firms, or engage in tax consulting services, or do tax planning in the finance department of large enterprises.
5. Insurance major
Insurance major is mainly set up to meet the demand of insurance professionals in China's insurance industry, and its core courses include insurance, property insurance, life insurance, risk management, reinsurance, actuarial science and so on. At the undergraduate level, students must lay a solid foundation in mathematics and foreign languages. Most schools require economic courses such as finance, accounting and investment to establish a broad economic knowledge background. Some schools will also supplement marketing and legal knowledge, such as insurance marketing, international economic law, international trade, international commercial law and so on.
Don't mistake the insurance major for training front-line insurance salesmen. Insurance is an industry and a complete system. From the design of insurance, the customization of premium to the sales of insurance, every link needs the participation of insurance talents. For example, the actuarial direction in insurance requires students' mathematical ability to be very high, and such talents are often the most scarce. In addition, the knowledge system of risk management and reinsurance direction is very complex and useful, unlike insurance marketing.
6. Investment major
As a science, investment science is a systematic study of investment, so as to carry out investment activities more scientifically. Investment science mainly includes several research fields such as securities investment, international investment and enterprise investment. The major of investment science aims to cultivate high-quality investment professionals who have a contemporary world political and economic vision, understand China's investment policies, and can engage in investment management and investment consulting in banks, securities companies, asset management companies, funds, trust companies and other financial institutions. Investment science should not only learn the basic knowledge of economics, but also have a solid professional knowledge base as the backing. We should not only be familiar with the macro investment policy background, but also master the micro skills of various investments. Therefore, it is suggested that while doing a good job in the classroom, students might as well save a small sum of money to speculate in stocks, put themselves in investment activities and accumulate some valuable experience.
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law is the first institution to set investment as an undergraduate major, and its strength is also among the best. At present, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics and Southwestern University of Finance and Economics have all set up undergraduate majors in investment. In 2007, university of international business and economics added an investment undergraduate major and began to recruit students.
Representative universities of finance and economics: 1. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; 2. university of international business and economics; 3. Central University of Finance and Economics; 4. Southwestern University of Finance and Economics; 5. Zhongnan University of Economics and Law; 6. Dongbei University of Finance and Economics.