Modern Logistics: The New Territory of Enterprise Financial Management Wang Liming Abstract The pressure of excessive competition in the market environment makes enterprises look for new financial highlights one after another and turn their eyes from the production field to the circulation field. Modern logistics is the last and most promising link for enterprises to reduce costs and improve profits, and it is also a strong support for enterprise financial management. It brings new opportunities and challenges to the reform and innovation of enterprise financial management. This paper puts forward new ideas and effective measures to do a good job in modern logistics financial management. In the market economy environment, it is the basic goal and eternal theme of enterprise financial management to operate independently, be responsible for its own profits and losses, maintain and increase the value of assets and reach the expected profit index. However, the fierce market competition environment makes the financial affairs of enterprises bear more and more pressure. Limited to the traditional financial management field and operation process, it is difficult to ensure the realization of profit targets. First, modern logistics: the new territory of financial management, the rapid improvement of social productivity, the rapid progress of science and technology, and the overall transformation of the seller's market to the buyer's market make the market environment in which enterprises are located more complicated and changeable, and the focus and form of competition among enterprises are constantly changing. Before World War II, enterprise competition was mainly reflected in output or output value, but from 1960s to 1970s, it turned to price competition, from 1980s to quality competition, and from 1990s to service competition. 2 1 century, due to the unprecedented richness of social products and the homogenization of products of different enterprises, it is increasingly difficult for enterprises to gain competitive advantages by quality and service. The fierce price war often leads to both losses or several losses, which further reduces the already small profit space and makes the financial situation of enterprises worse. The environmental pressure of excessive competition makes enterprises look for new financial highlights one after another and turn their eyes from the production field to the circulation field, which is the financial background for the birth and development of modern logistics. According to ronald coase's property right theory and the concept of transaction cost, Douglas North divides production cost into conversion cost (mainly referring to product processing cost) and transaction cost. Moreover, it is believed that logistics creates 75% of the value of products, which is why foreign manufacturers regard logistics as the last and most promising link to reduce costs and improve profits. Build a socialist market economic system in an all-round way, implement a modern enterprise system, and push enterprises to the market stage. Opening to the outside world and joining WTO have broadened the vision of enterprise management and financial management. Corporate finance pays more attention to the circulation cost of raw materials, energy, equipment, spare parts, purchased parts and even products than ever before, and has turned its attention to modern logistics in succession, and there are many successful cases. Qingdao Haier Group, one of the world's top 500 enterprises, has actively introduced modern logistics concepts, unified purchasing, warehousing and distribution functions since 1999, established Haier logistics promotion headquarters, and implemented integrated supply chain management, which has achieved remarkable economic benefits. The procurement cost is reduced by 5% every year, the storage area is reduced by 88%, the stock funds are reduced by 63%, and the delivery time of products covering the national market is less than 4 days, which greatly reduces the product marketing expenses, establishes the corporate image of providing quality products and services, and cultivates a large number of loyal users. Not only did the manufacturing industry successfully use modern logistics technology to reduce costs and improve profits, but China Post also established China Post Logistics Co., Ltd. in 2003, taking advantage of the postal network all over the country and connecting the whole world, widely adopting information technology, and actively expanding the "lean logistics" market characterized by one multi (multi-batch), two high (high added value, high timeliness) and three small (small volume, light weight and small batch). Therefore, the author has every reason to believe that modern logistics is not only a new field of enterprise financial management, but also a strong support for enterprise financial management. Second, the three stages of the development of enterprise logistics in China In order to effectively manage the financial management of enterprise logistics, we should master the origin and present situation of enterprise logistics in China. Generally speaking, Chinese enterprises introduced the business philosophy and management means of "logistics" late, and the development of enterprise logistics has roughly experienced three stages: the first stage was the 1980s, which was the initial stage. Enterprises understand logistics as an internal cost center, which is mainly responsible for the transportation, delivery and distribution of raw materials and products, as well as the quantity and quality control of production lines. Kanban management introduced and popularized by manufacturing industry is a typical internal logistics of enterprises. Kanban management was first created by Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan. Kanban is used as a tool to convey production instructions and feedback the implementation, and it can be traced back from the last process to the raw material purchasing department step by step, realizing "on-time delivery, on-time collection and on-time manufacturing", ensuring the synchronous operation of each process and greatly improving the production efficiency and product quality. "Kanban management" makes the product manufacturing process and cost formation process more clear, and the relationship and responsibility between each process and each link more clear, so that cost management can enter the whole production process, and the cost of each link from raw material procurement to product assembly can be scientifically and reasonably formulated and controlled. From the perspective of financial management, it is a great progress compared with the traditional "cost sharing". In the second stage, from the end of last century to the beginning of this century, the logistics resources inside and outside the enterprise will be integrated to make the enterprise logistics professional. It turns out that logistics permeates the processes of production, operation and marketing. With the intensification of production, the refinement of operation and the intensification of market competition, enterprises began to establish professional logistics bases and logistics centers, such as the logistics promotion headquarters established by Haier Group in 1999, and the China Post Logistics Co., Ltd. established by China Post in 2003, which all marked the real entry into the modern logistics era. Modern logistics is different from traditional logistics. Based on the application of telephone, fax and Internet, modern logistics integrates and publishes a large number of products, market materials and financial information inside and outside the enterprise, which greatly reduces the logistics cost. However, the traditional logistics process is extremely complicated and only focuses on sales. The products of the enterprise come down from the production line, first enter the factory warehouse, then enter the wholesale and retail, and finally reach the hands of consumers. This long sales chain often has more than a dozen links, at least staying in five or six warehouses. After more than ten times of loading and unloading, it not only greatly increases the circulation cost of products, but also delays the time for products to reach consumers, and is easy to cause transportation and storage accidents. The logistics expense rate of Sanlian Group, an advanced logistics enterprise in China, is only 0.5%, while the expense rate of domestic department stores is usually above 3%, and the highest can reach 40%. In the third stage, from 2004, advanced logistics enterprises in China began to try market-oriented and socialized operation. In order to strengthen the market position of enterprises and improve their profitability, it is very important to provide products and services to customers faster and better. Internationally renowned enterprises have reorganized logistics from the aspects of logistics business process, organization, enterprise resource management system, etc., established cooperative relations with suppliers, sellers and logistics providers, concentrated their core business through logistics outsourcing, and improved production efficiency, service level and market adaptability. In recent years, well-known domestic enterprises have followed suit. Sanlian Trading Co., Ltd. takes the chain operation of household appliances as the core, and establishes e-commerce alliances with dozens of upstream suppliers such as Haier, Hisense, Kelon and Siemens, more than 100 downstream manufacturers and a number of financial enterprises, and conducts business activities such as purchasing, logistics and data collection through the Internet, realizing the comprehensive integration of business flow, information flow and logistics, enjoying information, greatly reducing circulation costs and improving circulation efficiency. Sanlian's order processing was shortened from the original 2 160 minutes (about10.5 days) to 5 minutes, reducing the logistics cost 14.8 1%, and the timely delivery rate reached 99%. Xoceco cooperates with Sanlian Logistics. The number of warehouses in Shandong Province decreased from four to 1, and the share of inventory funds decreased by 60%, but the sales increased by 60%. In the process of marketization of enterprise logistics, it can realize the expansion of logistics from single storage and transportation function to diversified function, which produces the functions of goods market transaction, warehouse receipt pledge and information service. And the base operation is changed to network operation, which really extends the enterprise management network from the inside of the enterprise to the outside of the enterprise, and even from home to abroad. All these have brought new opportunities and challenges to the reform and innovation of enterprise financial management. Third, do a good job in financial management of modern logistics. Modern logistics integrates production management, supply management, sales management, price management, inventory management, batch management and accounting period management through enterprise management information system, which ensures the timely and accurate information of various departments and subsystems inside and outside the enterprise, especially the consistency of relevant data, which brings convenience to enterprise financial management and increases the difficulty of financial management. To do well the financial management of modern logistics, we must have new ideas and effective measures. As far as most enterprises in China are concerned, we should mainly pay attention to the following aspects: (1) To establish an advanced enterprise logistics system with reasonable objectives is to realize the scheduled product production, marketing and service in the simplest way and at the lowest cost. In order to achieve the overall goal, it is necessary to establish a scientific index system, establish a corresponding mathematical model, optimize the model, and compare and choose different logistics schemes that can be selected. The model is to transform the optimization requirements and limitations into computer-acceptable languages and programs, which are simplified as much as possible under the premise of ensuring authenticity, and all kinds of measurement and statistical data used must be accurate, timely and consistent in caliber. This article does not use PDF browser to download and install the full-text abstract of the original text. Under the pressure of excessive competition in the market environment, enterprises are looking for new financial highlights and turning their eyes from the production field to the circulation field. Modern logistics is the last and most promising link for enterprises to reduce costs and improve profits, and it is also a strong support for enterprise financial management. It brings new opportunities and challenges to the reform and innovation of enterprise financial management. This paper puts forward new ideas and effective measures to do a good job in modern logistics financial management. In the market economy environment, it is the basic goal and eternal theme of enterprise financial management to operate independently, be responsible for its own profits and losses, maintain and increase the value of assets and reach the expected profit index. However, the fierce market competition environment makes the financial affairs of enterprises bear more and more pressure. Limited to the traditional financial management field and operation process, it is difficult to ensure the realization of profit targets. First, modern logistics: the new territory of financial management, the rapid improvement of social productivity, the rapid progress of science and technology, and the overall transformation of the seller's market to the buyer's market make the market environment in which enterprises are located more complicated and changeable, and the focus and form of competition among enterprises are constantly changing. Before World War II, enterprise competition was mainly reflected in output or output value, but from 1960s to 1970s, it turned to price competition, from 1980s to quality competition, and from 1990s to service competition. 2 1 century, due to the unprecedented richness of social products and the homogenization of products of different enterprises, it is increasingly difficult for enterprises to gain competitive advantages by quality and service. The fierce price war often leads to both losses or several losses, which further reduces the already small profit space and makes the financial situation of enterprises worse. The environmental pressure of excessive competition makes enterprises look for new financial highlights one after another and turn their eyes from the production field to the circulation field, which is the financial background for the birth and development of modern logistics. According to ronald coase's property right theory and the concept of transaction cost, Douglas North divides production cost into conversion cost (mainly referring to product processing cost) and transaction cost. Moreover, it is believed that logistics creates 75% of the value of products, which is why foreign manufacturers regard logistics as the last and most promising link to reduce costs and improve profits. Build a socialist market economic system in an all-round way, implement a modern enterprise system, and push enterprises to the market stage. Opening to the outside world and joining WTO have broadened the vision of enterprise management and financial management. Corporate finance pays more attention to the circulation cost of raw materials, energy, equipment, spare parts, purchased parts and even products than ever before, and has turned its attention to modern logistics in succession, and there are many successful cases. Qingdao Haier Group, one of the world's top 500 enterprises, has actively introduced modern logistics concepts, unified purchasing, warehousing and distribution functions since 1999, established Haier logistics promotion headquarters, and implemented integrated supply chain management, which has achieved remarkable economic benefits. The procurement cost is reduced by 5% every year, the storage area is reduced by 88%, the stock funds are reduced by 63%, and the delivery time of products covering the national market is less than 4 days, which greatly reduces the product marketing expenses, establishes the corporate image of providing quality products and services, and cultivates a large number of loyal users. Not only did the manufacturing industry successfully use modern logistics technology to reduce costs and improve profits, but China Post also established China Post Logistics Co., Ltd. in 2003, taking advantage of the postal network all over the country and connecting the whole world, widely adopting information technology, and actively expanding the "lean logistics" market characterized by one multi (multi-batch), two high (high added value, high timeliness) and three small (small volume, light weight and small batch). Therefore, the author has every reason to believe that modern logistics is not only a new field of enterprise financial management, but also a strong support for enterprise financial management. Second, the three stages of the development of enterprise logistics in China In order to effectively manage the financial management of enterprise logistics, we should master the origin and present situation of enterprise logistics in China. Generally speaking, Chinese enterprises introduced the business philosophy and management means of "logistics" late, and the development of enterprise logistics has roughly experienced three stages: the first stage was the 1980s, which was the initial stage. Enterprises understand logistics as an internal cost center, which is mainly responsible for the transportation, delivery and distribution of raw materials and products, as well as the quantity and quality control of production lines. Kanban management introduced and popularized by manufacturing industry is a typical internal logistics of enterprises. Kanban management was first created by Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan. Kanban is used as a tool to convey production instructions and feedback the implementation, and it can be traced back from the last process to the raw material purchasing department step by step, realizing "on-time delivery, on-time collection and on-time manufacturing", ensuring the synchronous operation of each process and greatly improving the production efficiency and product quality. "Kanban management" makes the product manufacturing process and cost formation process more clear, and the relationship and responsibility between each process and each link more clear, so that cost management can enter the whole production process, and the cost of each link from raw material procurement to product assembly can be scientifically and reasonably formulated and controlled. From the perspective of financial management, it is a great progress compared with the traditional "cost sharing". In the second stage, from the end of last century to the beginning of this century, the logistics resources inside and outside the enterprise will be integrated to make the enterprise logistics professional. It turns out that logistics permeates the processes of production, operation and marketing. With the intensification of production, the refinement of operation and the intensification of market competition, enterprises began to establish professional logistics bases and logistics centers, such as the logistics promotion headquarters established by Haier Group in 1999, and the China Post Logistics Co., Ltd. established by China Post in 2003, which all marked the real entry into the modern logistics era. Modern logistics is different from traditional logistics. Based on the application of telephone, fax and Internet, modern logistics integrates and publishes a large number of products, market materials and financial information inside and outside the enterprise, which greatly reduces the logistics cost. However, the traditional logistics process is extremely complicated and only focuses on sales. The products of the enterprise come down from the production line, first enter the factory warehouse, then enter the wholesale and retail, and finally reach the hands of consumers. This long sales chain often has more than a dozen links, at least staying in five or six warehouses. After more than ten times of loading and unloading, it not only greatly increases the circulation cost of products, but also delays the time for products to reach consumers, and is easy to cause transportation and storage accidents. The logistics expense rate of Sanlian Group, an advanced logistics enterprise in China, is only 0.5%, while the expense rate of domestic department stores is usually above 3%, and the highest can reach 40%. In the third stage, from 2004, advanced logistics enterprises in China began to try market-oriented and socialized operation. In order to strengthen the market position of enterprises and improve their profitability, it is very important to provide products and services to customers faster and better. Internationally renowned enterprises have reorganized logistics from the aspects of logistics business process, organization, enterprise resource management system, etc., established cooperative relations with suppliers, sellers and logistics providers, concentrated their core business through logistics outsourcing, and improved production efficiency, service level and market adaptability. In recent years, well-known domestic enterprises have followed suit. Sanlian Trading Co., Ltd. takes the chain operation of household appliances as the core, and establishes e-commerce alliances with dozens of upstream suppliers such as Haier, Hisense, Kelon and Siemens, more than 100 downstream manufacturers and a number of financial enterprises, and conducts business activities such as purchasing, logistics and data collection through the Internet, realizing the comprehensive integration of business flow, information flow and logistics, enjoying information, greatly reducing circulation costs and improving circulation efficiency. Sanlian's order processing was shortened from the original 2 160 minutes (about10.5 days) to 5 minutes, reducing the logistics cost 14.8 1%, and the timely delivery rate reached 99%. Xoceco cooperates with Sanlian Logistics. The number of warehouses in Shandong Province decreased from four to 1, and the share of inventory funds decreased by 60%, but the sales increased by 60%. In the process of marketization of enterprise logistics, it can realize the expansion of logistics from single storage and transportation function to diversified function, which produces the functions of goods market transaction, warehouse receipt pledge and information service. And the base operation is changed to network operation, which really extends the enterprise management network from the inside of the enterprise to the outside of the enterprise, and even from home to abroad. All these have brought new opportunities and challenges to the reform and innovation of enterprise financial management. Third, do a good job in financial management of modern logistics. Modern logistics integrates production management, supply management, sales management, price management, inventory management, batch management and accounting period management through enterprise management information system, which ensures the timely and accurate information of various departments and subsystems inside and outside the enterprise, especially the consistency of relevant data, which brings convenience to enterprise financial management and increases the difficulty of financial management. To do well the financial management of modern logistics, we must have new ideas and effective measures. As far as most enterprises in China are concerned, we should mainly pay attention to the following aspects: (1) To establish an advanced enterprise logistics system with reasonable objectives is to realize the scheduled product production, marketing and service in the simplest way and at the lowest cost. In order to achieve the overall goal, it is necessary to establish a scientific index system, establish a corresponding mathematical model, optimize the model, and compare and choose different logistics schemes that can be selected. The model is to transform the optimization requirements and limitations into computer-acceptable languages and programs, which are simplified as much as possible under the premise of ensuring authenticity, and all kinds of measurement and statistical data used must be accurate, timely and consistent in caliber. In this paper, it is believed that enterprises that have not installed the PDF browser to download and install the full text of the original text must attract financial managers to play their important role if they set up a special organization, such as the "Logistics Transformation Research Group", which is responsible for planning and designing new logistics schemes. Don't forget: controlling costs and improving profits are not only the purpose of enterprises to introduce modern logistics, but also the only yardstick to test the success of logistics transformation. (2) The optimization of effective financial measurement logistics scheme is calculated, simulated and compared by computer, so the algorithm structure must be understood and recognized by various logistics systems, with good flexibility, and can cope with various possibilities when used, and coordinate with other systems. For example, freight transportation involves different batches, models or loads, even warehousing and road conditions, and the freight incurred is bound to be different, so it should be reflected and selected in the calculation, leaving room for expansion. Financial measurement should not only be quantified effectively, but also be concise and easy to understand and calculate. Don't mistakenly think that with computers, calculation models and formulas can be very complicated, which makes it difficult to collect, summarize and use data. We should also pay attention to the compatibility and integration with the pre-financial data of enterprises. (3) Appropriate return on investment The application of modern logistics can enable enterprises to effectively reduce costs and gain more profit space, but logistics optimization needs a lot of capital, technology and talents. Enterprises must comprehensively consider input and output, estimate cost and value, and strive to accurately budget the return on investment. Experience shows that in the initial stage of applying modern logistics technology, enterprises often underestimate the design and operation costs of using logistics optimization technology. In order to correctly calculate the return on investment, before implementing the optimization scheme, we should measure the basic state according to the key performance indicators, compare the results of the implementation of the logistics optimization scheme with the benchmark state, and continuously monitor the behavior and performance of the logistics system. Because refined production and precise operation require small-batch procurement, small-batch production and small-batch transportation, it is bound to increase the frequency of commodity supply, sales and operation, thus increasing the logistics cost of enterprises. It is difficult for a single enterprise, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to achieve "economies of scale" in logistics, so it may be more economical to require professional logistics companies to provide logistics services than self-operated logistics. If the investment of enterprises in applying logistics technology, building and optimizing logistics system can't get satisfactory returns, it is a wise choice to break through the traditional idea of pursuing small and comprehensive services and entrust a third-party logistics company to provide integrated logistics services. Compared with production enterprises or shopping malls, professional logistics companies can reduce or eliminate the air return rate through comprehensive distribution and mixed transportation, and enjoy economies of scale in huge distribution batches, so they have more cost advantages. Generally speaking, it is impossible to "outsource" internal logistics, so when cooperating with third-party logistics companies, we should pay attention to the space-time coordination of internal and external logistics and do a good job in financial management. (4) Appropriate financial software Modern logistics is always accompanied by informationization, which relies on computer systems for command and coordination. The financial management of logistics must also be guided by systematic thinking, and appropriate financial software must be developed and used. This includes not only the financial evaluation of logistics optimization, but also the daily financial management of logistics system. In most cases, it is difficult to find the "general software" suitable for the enterprise itself, and it is necessary to hire professional software developers to design the enterprise logistics system specially, or to improve the "general software" in a targeted manner. In terms of specific practices, first, make overall planning and formulate comprehensive and systematic financial management procedures, which are not limited to a certain logistics operation link or local problems; Second, we should pay attention to the feasibility and compatibility of financial software. Financial indicators should be quantified, financial data should be easy to collect, calculate and summarize, and the methods should be simple and easy to implement; We should also pay attention to the unified docking with the whole enterprise management system, as well as the optimization of enterprise logistics system and the upgrade of computer system. The delivery of logistics financial management software is only the first step of cooperation between enterprises and software developers. In every link of logistics operation, there will always be accidents, which may be improper use or defects in software design itself. Therefore, we should pay attention to the daily maintenance of financial software to ensure normal operation. (e) Timely personnel training Whether it is the continuous optimization of logistics technology or the daily financial management in the logistics field, high-quality enterprise financial management personnel are needed. These high-quality enterprise employees not only need to understand the relevant laws and regulations of enterprise finance, but also have rich knowledge and experience in daily financial management, and also master computer application technology skillfully to adapt to modern systematic and information-based financial management. Enterprises can use "please come in" and "send out" to cultivate their own financial talents and effectively implement logistics financial management. Experts and excellent practitioners can be invited to enterprises for projects, software development and training courses (SMEs can jointly organize training); Financial backbones can also be sent to universities, research institutes, especially successful modern logistics enterprises for further study. Talent training is very important, so we should plan ahead and give priority to education to adapt to and promote the continuous optimization of enterprise logistics. Please read the original text in PDF format for the charts, notes and formulas involved in this article. This article downloads and installs the original full-text "Modern Logistics: A New Territory of Enterprise Financial Management in Wang Liming" without installing a PDF browser.