The container modular tools used in architectural design have the characteristics of low carbon, low cost, short construction time and detachable transportation. At the same time, it is limited by objective conditions such as space and materials. When designing container architecture, we should fully consider the advantages and disadvantages of container as a modular tool and give full play to its structural advantages. First of all, container building units are easy to transport and move as a whole, and container modular buildings are easy to assemble and disassemble, which is especially suitable for buildings with limited service life and need to change positions; Secondly, this kind of building is durable, and its main structural unit is composed of high-strength steel, which has strong earthquake resistance, compression resistance and deformation resistance; Third, the sealing performance is good, and the strict manufacturing process makes this movable building have good water tightness; Fourthly, the container building is based on the integral box steel structure, and through splicing and combination, rich combined space can be derived. Such as office space, living space, even long-span space and so on; Fifth, the weight of the structure is lighter than that of concrete and brick-concrete structure, and the energy consumption required for construction is less. At the same time, it has excellent performance, stability and firmness, and excellent seismic performance. Sixth, most parts of container buildings can be recycled, which greatly reduces the generation of construction waste and is low-carbon and environmentally friendly.
2. Case and analysis of container building adaptability design.
Generally speaking, container construction can be divided into three forms: the transformation of container box; Container-type combined structure; Container boxes (and their components) and other structures play a structural role. This paper mainly discusses the reconstruction design of single box container and the design of container box combined building.
2. 1 Internal design of single box
Containers are used in different building models, representing different functional attributes and different indoor layouts. Commonly used in room design, the main modules are kitchen, bathroom, writing desk and storage space. However, kitchen and bathroom are limited by the mode of pipeline construction, so it is difficult to change their positions during use, which plays a key role in indoor functional layout. According to the spatial attributes and entrance position of these two parts, the indoor plane of the container can be qualitatively analyzed. Taking the indoor space of 20-foot container residence as an example, the layout statistics and analysis of indoor space are carried out respectively.
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When the porch is set at the end of the box, the kitchen/bathroom and other fixed facilities are set near the porch, and the box space changes from public to private, so that a more complete internal living space can be obtained; If the kitchen/bathroom and other fixed facilities are far away from the entrance end of the container building, it is difficult to use the lighting at the box end indoors, so it is generally necessary to increase the side lighting. When the entrance is set in the middle of the box, the kitchen/toilet and other fixed facilities can be set in the middle of the entrance, and two independent and complete spaces can be obtained at both ends of the box. These two independent complete spaces can be used as two independent rooms, and can also be effectively partitioned, such as setting two independent bedroom spaces, or partitioning the bathroom and bedroom at both ends.
2.2 expansion design of single room space
The invention has flexible use, convenient transportation and strong adaptability to the environment; However, it is limited by space. Therefore, it is an effective channel to increase the internal space of containers and increase the adaptability of container buildings to functions through deformation and stretching. Button residence is a way to expand container space. By integrating hydraulic and electronic control systems into the container structure, the container becomes a functional capsule that can be freely deployed and retracted. When the control button is pressed, the side plate and part of the top plate of the container, together with all kinds of furniture fixed on it, will stretch out, releasing functional furniture such as beds, kitchens, bathrooms, tables and chairs that are closely attached to each other, and become an open-air living space. Although this kind of expanded house is temporarily uninhabitable, it provides an idea to expand the space utilization ability.
Single container can also be used as the basic unit of container assembly building and large container building. In the container student dormitory project of Australian National University, a 40-foot standard sea container was used as a building unit. Each single room is fully equipped, including bathroom unit module; Kitchen unit module, including induction cooker, microwave oven, oven, large-size single-door refrigerator, sink, water supply and drainage pipeline, operating table and other equipment items; Workspace module, including bookshelf, desk, chair and broadband connection; Rest module, including single bed, storage space under the bed, wardrobe and other facilities; The room is also equipped with heating, TV, telephone and other facilities. At the same time, for the diversification of huxing, the adaptability of unit space to functional requirements is expanded through the connection of two units. The box is opened on one side near the corridor, the toilet module is placed near the entrance, and the pipeline well is close to the corridor, which is convenient for maintenance and management; There are kitchen facilities and a writing desk in the middle of the box, forming a wide area in the middle, where a pair of small tables and chairs are placed for dining; One end of the box far from the corridor is provided with a bedroom space, and a bookcase is hung above the bed; And open a small piece in the middle of the box as a balcony, which can make the room more integrated with nature and play a role in shading.
2.3 Forming of combined box
The adaptability of container architecture to functional space is not only the space utilization of a single box, but also the creation of more kinds of buildings and the unique artistic quality of container architecture through the combination of boxes. Modern container architecture has changed various architectural modes through adaptive transformation and combination. From residential buildings to long-span sports buildings; From small single-box buildings to large-scale combined buildings with hundreds of containers, the scale varies widely according to the needs of actual projects. It can be said that the development standard of container architecture design lies in the combination mode of container architecture and the expansion of spatial adaptation scope. The combination of container buildings directly depends on the size and type of space it can support. Different internal space scales correspond to different container combination design methods.
3. Concluding remarks
The application design of container architecture has been widely carried out abroad, but the research in this field is relatively few in China. At present, low-carbon economy has become a worldwide theme, and all countries are actively exploring ways to save energy and reduce emissions. As a new design concept, transforming containers into houses, offices or other buildings has become popular all over the world. Based on the architectural design concept of container transformation, combined with the "energy-saving" and "low-carbon" requirements of sustainable development buildings, this paper discusses the application of containers as architectural design elements with typical examples, and discusses its application in the architectural field by using the low-cost, movable and standardized design of container buildings, hoping to provide ideas and enlightenment for the development of low-carbon buildings.
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