2 from scientific development to globalization, from globalization to globalization, such as cultural loss, cultural aggression under economic strength and so on.
From globalization to the change of ideas, it is best to give some examples, such as the lost generation in the United States.
Consume a lot of limited material resources on the earth; Some modern scientific products will be harmful to human health.
I think the most important thing in this debate is not to list all kinds of disadvantages brought by science and technology to mankind, because if your eyes are only fixed on the disadvantages, then the other party is likely to seize this point and attack you: your opponent, you always list all kinds of disadvantages of science and technology, as if the development of science and technology has only brought disasters to mankind, so why are we still emphasizing that science and technology is the primary productive force now? Why should mankind continue to develop science and technology?
The key to answering this question lies in your understanding of the debate. The essence of this understanding lies in: Why should we find out the disadvantages brought by technology? This is the key to your point of view. Why? I remember a saying: technology is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can crush ignorance and backwardness, on the other hand, it may bring endless disasters to mankind. At this time, we emphasize the pain and disaster brought by science and technology to mankind precisely for the purpose of maximizing the positive role of this double-edged sword and benefiting mankind, not the other way around. The so-called good medicine is good for the disease, because thinking about science and technology rationally and comprehensively can keep science and technology under the control of human beings all the time and will not harm human beings in turn.
After the viewpoint is established, there are naturally some necessary examples. In fact, the example is very good: the development of atomic physics theory has enabled mankind to master nuclear energy technology, but it has also brought about the nuclear disasters in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and brought about a "terrible peace" for mankind for 50 years. For the first time, human beings have the ability of self-destruction. In addition, there are endless nuclear accidents, among which Chernobyl in the Soviet Union is the most famous (please search online for specific data). The development of chemistry has given us unprecedented ability to transform nature, but our gunpowder and explosives have also hurt tens of millions of human compatriots. Our chemical synthesis technology has created things that do not exist in nature, but now we are also troubled by white garbage and poisoned by chemical pollution. Why are so many children suffering from leukemia in our country now? Very important factors are chemical adhesives used in home decoration and ozone-destroying freon. The development of petroleum exploration technology has greatly accelerated the pace of human progress. We have been able to fly faster than the speed of sound, but it has also brought too many wars and too much interference, and the earth began to catch a cold and have a fever. The development of biotechnology has given us the power to create life monopolized by God before, but it has also brought about ethical disorder. In short, scientific progress is always accompanied by corresponding drawbacks and dangers. Today, we must face up to these negative effects, otherwise we humans may eventually be destroyed in our own hands.
At present, the annual consumption of disposable tableware in China is about 654.38+000 billion, mainly foam plastic products. In order to stop the production, sale and use of these large-scale disposable foamed plastic tableware, it is necessary to develop and produce their substitutes, and green disposable tableware came into being. Experts believe that the development and production of green disposable tableware is becoming a new environmental protection industry in China. 65438+In mid-February, the Ministry of Science and Technology, together with the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Railways, jointly held an exchange meeting on the development of green primary tableware technology. At the meeting, the reporter interviewed Wang Zhixue, director of China Rural Technology Development Center, and managers of several production enterprises. Wang Zhixue said: At present, the green disposable tableware developed and produced in China can be divided into pulp, rice husk, straw and starch according to the types of raw materials. There are hundreds of enterprises producing paper disposable tableware in China, with an annual production capacity of about 3 billion pieces. The raw materials of paper tableware are seriously polluted in the production process, with high cost, poor strength and waterproof and moisture-proof properties. Therefore, its popularization and application have great limitations, and people will naturally look for the benefits of science and technology from other places. If rice husk is used as raw material to produce rice husk tableware, there are now more than a dozen domestic enterprises of this type, with an annual production capacity of about 654.38+0.5 billion; Straw tableware is mainly made of crop straw. At present, there are more than a dozen domestic manufacturers with an annual production capacity of 75 million units. Starch tableware takes potato starch as the main raw material, which has good biodegradability and can be used as feed after recycling. In short, the state attaches great importance to the research and development of green disposable tableware, and gives strong support through scientific and technological development plans such as scientific and technological research, spark plan and torch plan. The production technology of green disposable tableware in many enterprises is mature and has the foundation of industrialization. Wuhan Far East Green World Group Co., Ltd. is a company that uses starch as raw material to carry out scientific research and development of green disposable tableware, and its economic benefits have begun to take shape. Su Xiaohai, the president of the company, had a legendary experience: he studied arts and crafts in Hubei Institute of Light Industry, went to Wuhan University for a master's degree in philosophy from 65438 to 0984, and then studied and worked in Germany. The environmental protection in Europe touched him greatly, and he had the idea of returning to China to engage in environmental protection industry. Su Xiaohai told reporters: I have studied arts and crafts and am an aesthete. Today's commitment to environmental protection such as green tableware stems from the initial understanding of beauty; The extension of aesthetics, in the final analysis, is also a philosophy. 1992 to 1996, the production scale of recycled cardboard disposable tableware and reed pulp molded tableware developed by Far East Green World Company has not expanded due to the low scientific and technological content. From 65438 to 0996, our company sent personnel to inspect the technical situation of biodegradable packaging products in the European market, and thought that developing vegetable starch to produce fully degradable disposable tableware products might be a way to eliminate "white pollution". 1997, composed of a group of experts in food, chemistry and machinery, focuses on the research and development of fully degradable disposable catering products and is included in the national torch plan project 1997. They absorbed foreign advanced technology and combined with domestic paper tableware production technology to carry out a series of innovations: using starch rich in domestic resources, such as sweet potato and corn, as the main raw materials, instead of single foreign potato starch with higher price; Adding 20% natural fiber to sweet potato starch can obviously increase the strength of tableware, and then adopting food puffing processing technology to make the product light and soft. Through surface spraying treatment and setting equipment to increase strength, the produced catering products have waterproof, oil-proof and heat-resistant functions. Su Xiaohai made a vivid metaphor: this is like reinforced concrete in building materials, sweet potato starch is cement, and the roots of all kinds of hay and plants are reinforced after chopping and stirring, so that the strength of tableware can be obviously enhanced. Starch tableware products produced by Far East Green World are tested by SGS in Germany with reference to international food packaging standards. They are kept in hot water and hot oil at 100℃ for more than two hours without deformation, and their temperature retention performance is excellent. Because starch and additives are natural plant raw materials, the product has excellent degradation performance. Tested by National Environmental Testing Center, it can degrade more than 90% in about 10 day, and can be completely degraded within one month. According to reports, because the project uses plant starch and plant fiber, the cost is low. The cost of each covered lunch box is about 0. 12 yuan, and the cost of uncovered lunch boxes, bowls and plates is about 0.07 yuan, which has a broad market prospect. At present, Far East Green World Company plans to invest 654.38+0.6 billion yuan to build a large-scale fully degradable green disposable tableware production base with an annual output of 5 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks and 3.5 billion bowls, plates and boxes. After the completion of the project, the annual output value can be increased by 625 million yuan, and the new profits and taxes will be about 654.38+300 million yuan. The civil engineering of the base started in March this year, and a standard workshop of 20,000 square meters has been built. If the follow-up funds can be guaranteed, the production is expected to reach 65,438+0 by the end of 1999. Su Xiaohai said: Our scientific and technological advantages are obvious, and so are the social benefits that can be created in the future: disposable sanitary chopsticks made of starch can completely replace disposable wooden chopsticks, and this alone can save the country nearly 500,000 cubic meters of wood resources every year; If the group can reach its production capacity, it is estimated that it will use more than 200,000 tons of sweet potatoes every year and process them into more than 654.38 million tons of starch raw materials, which will also help more than 654.38 million people get rid of poverty in poor areas and promote the development of agricultural industrialization in old areas. In the past few years, Shantou Heng Lv Industrial Co., Ltd. began to develop green disposable tableware made of rice husk, and has initially possessed the ability of industrial scale production. The disposable packaging containers of rice husk produced by the company, especially the food packaging containers used in supermarkets, have been put on trial sale in Japan, Taiwan Province Province and the United States. The green disposable tableware produced by Heng Lv Company is made by crushing and sieving rice husk, then mixing it with several edible organic polymer adhesives in water, and then stamping, drying, spraying and other processes to make dishes, bowls and other utensils with different shapes. Ji, general manager of Commerce Co., Ltd. said: Disposable tableware is made of rice husk, which is not only abundant in China, but also can be degraded quickly in the soil after use, killing two birds with one stone. At present, Heng Lv Company has a production line running, with an investment of about 9.8 million yuan and a production capacity of 400,000 tableware/day, and now it has reached 200,000 tableware/day. The annual output value is about 36 million yuan, the expected payback period is about one and a half years, and the investment profit rate is about 30%. The production technology and product quality have passed the technical appraisal organized by Guangdong Science and Technology Commission and the inspection by the food hygiene department. It is reported that in order to better market its products and standardize its operation, the company plans to set up a group company in the near future and invest in technical transformation to make the production line more automated. According to the introduction of the green tableware technology development exchange conference sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology, in July 1998, Vice Premier Wen Jiabao specifically proposed to solve the "white pollution" along the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake and railway within one year at the Taihu Lake Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Work Conference, and asked the relevant departments in the State Council to focus on three tasks: First, strengthen management and prohibit littering; Second, stop using disposable foamed plastic tableware; The third is to develop and mass-produce substitutes as soon as possible. 165438+1October 14 Vice Premier Li Lanqing also raised the issue of popularization and application of foam plastic tableware substitutes at the 12 national patriotic health campaign committee working conference. It seems that green disposable tableware has attracted great attention from leading comrades of the central government, science and technology, environmental protection and other relevant departments. As a new environmental protection industry, it can be said that it is born at the right time. Now, we need not only scientific and technological personnel who can climb the scientific peak and continue to engage in research and development, but also entrepreneurs who know how to operate and manage to increase technological innovation and market development. We also need far-sighted financiers and venture capitalists to know this pearl and give green disposable tableware enough industrialization. At present, most enterprises engaged in the development and industrialization of green disposable tableware in China are small in scale and have weak ability to resist wind and waves. Moreover, many of them are private enterprises, which need the support and guidance of government departments in industrial policies in order to make this emerging green environmental protection industry develop healthily and continuously.
When mankind entered 2 1 century, amazing changes took place in the world. While people are delighted with the rapid development of science and technology, they have also experienced more uneasiness and even disasters. In addition to the panic caused by the development of high technology, especially biotechnology, war and disease seem to directly bring mankind to the door of hell. The SARS epidemic in 2003 and the avian influenza epidemic in the winter of 2008 are both directly related to the global problem that people pay more and more attention to: biosafety. Infectious diseases, including human, animal and plant infectious diseases, especially human infectious diseases, are the most important biosafety issues. Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death in the world. In China, infectious diseases still pose a serious threat to people's health and national security. The prevalence of SARS is a strong proof. In addition, infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and influenza are still prevalent or erupting in some parts of the country and some countries and regions in the world every year, which also illustrates this point.
The fourth unfavorable factor brought by the development of science and technology-the threat to biological resources and biodiversity
From the perspective of biosafety, the invasion of alien species and the loss of biological resources may cause great harm to national interests. The environmental release of genetically modified organisms also poses a great threat to biodiversity.
The Fifth Disadvantage Brought by the Development of Science and Technology —— Potential Safety Hazards in Microbiology Laboratory
Compared with other physical and chemical laboratories or other laboratories, the microbiology and biomedical laboratory is a special laboratory. Everyone who works in it and the surrounding environment in contact with it are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases or affecting health. Omissions and accidents in microbiology laboratory management will not only lead to infection of laboratory staff, but also cause environmental pollution and large-scale population infection. Accidents of accidental infection in laboratories at home and abroad are common. In serious cases, thousands of experimental animals have to be slaughtered, even leading to the death of laboratory staff.
The sixth drawback brought by the development of science and technology-white pollution
With the development of economy, the acceleration of people's life rhythm and the improvement of living standards, the amount of plastics is increasing day by day. From 65438 to 0996, the consumption of plastic packaging in China reached 2.43 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%, especially in the garbage of cities, main traffic arteries and tourist attractions. According to the survey, the annual output of domestic waste in Beijing has reached 3 million tons, of which waste plastics account for about 3%, with an annual growth rate of 48%. The content of plastic in garbage in coastal cities is higher, reaching 8- 10%. The volume ratio of these waste plastics in garbage is more than one third, which greatly increases the difficulty and cost of garbage disposal.
The second unfavorable factor brought by the development of science and technology-the potential threat of biological weapons and bioterrorism.
In the 20th century, the whole international community made unremitting efforts to ban biological weapons and made some progress. However, in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, the potential threat of biological weapons has greatly increased, and some countries and regions may continue to develop biological weapons. In addition, the rapid development of biotechnology has greatly increased the potential threat of biological weapons, and bioterrorism marked by the "anthrax incident" in the United States poses a real threat to international security. Yuan, head of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Hong Kong, was the first scholar to isolate coronavirus, and found that coronavirus variant was the pathogen of SARS. SARS virus belongs to RNA virus, which is easy to recombine with other virus genes and become a new virus. Moreover, many experimental results also show that the new virus produced in this way will be more toxic than the parent virus. Coronavirus can be found in many animals. This virus is easy to mutate and extremely dangerous. Therefore, Yuan believes that SARS virus has great potential to become the pathogen for manufacturing chemical and biological weapons other than smallpox.
Negative effects of biotechnology
The negative effects of biotechnology are as follows: first, unexpected security problems may occur when people develop and utilize biotechnology. Just as the environmental release of various genetically modified organisms is widely concerned about the harm to biodiversity. In addition, genetically engineered drugs, vaccines, genetically modified foods, gene therapy, etc. There may be similar problems. The misuse and unethical application of biotechnology may also bring great security risks. The study of somatic cell cloning is a prominent example.
Threats to biological resources and biodiversity
From the perspective of biosafety, the invasion of alien species and the loss of biological resources may cause great harm to national interests. The environmental release of genetically modified organisms poses a great threat to biodiversity.
Potential safety hazards in microbiology laboratory
Compared with other physical and chemical laboratories or other laboratories, the microbiology and biomedical laboratory is a special laboratory. Everyone who works in it and the surrounding environment in contact with it are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases or affecting health. Omissions and accidents in microbiology laboratory management will not only lead to infection of laboratory staff, but also cause environmental pollution and large-scale population infection. Accidents of accidental infection in laboratories at home and abroad are common. In serious cases, thousands of experimental animals have to be slaughtered, even leading to the death of laboratory staff.
At present, with the rapid development of biotechnology, biosafety has become a major proposition that affects the politics, economy, security and peace of the whole country and even the whole world. In recent years, especially after the "anthrax infection incident" in the United States, biosafety issues have attracted much attention at home and abroad, and biosafety terms often appear in government or non-governmental organization documents and in various media. The global epidemic of SARS will undoubtedly make countries around the world pay more attention to biological safety and regard it as an integral part of national security.
With the development of economy, the acceleration of people's life rhythm and the improvement of living standards, the amount of plastics
Increasing day by day. From 65438 to 0996, the consumption of plastic packaging in China reached 2.43 million tons, with an average annual growth rate exceeding.
20%, especially in cities, main traffic routes and tourist attractions, plastic waste is increasing rapidly.
According to the survey, the annual output of domestic waste in Beijing has reached 3 million tons, of which waste plastics account for about 3%, increasing year by year.
The growth rate reached 48%. The content of plastic in garbage in coastal cities is higher, reaching 8- 10%.
It is harmful because the world has undergone many amazing changes when human beings entered the 2 1 century. While people are delighted with the rapid development of science and technology, they have also experienced better anxiety and even disasters. In addition to the panic caused by the development of high technology, especially biotechnology, war and disease seem to directly bring mankind to the door of hell.
The epidemic of SARS in 2003, including all the speculations about SARS, is directly related to the global problem that people are paying more and more attention to: biological safety. Biosafety is a scientific and technological system for detecting, evaluating, monitoring, preventing and treating biological hazards. It is a new frontier discipline that studies the influence of various biological factors on human health, and applies existing theoretical knowledge, technology, engineering design and equipment to prevent people, laboratories and the environment engaged in related work from being harmed by potentially infectious substances and biotoxic substances. Biosafety problems are at least manifested in the following aspects:
The great harm of infectious diseases
Infectious diseases, including human, animal and plant infectious diseases, especially human infectious diseases, are the most important biosafety issues. Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death in the world. In China, infectious diseases still pose a serious threat to people's health and national security. The prevalence of SARS is a strong proof. In addition, infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and influenza are still prevalent in some parts of the country and some countries and regions in the world every year.
Potential threats of biological weapons and bioterrorism
In the 20th century, the whole international community made unremitting efforts to ban biological weapons and made some progress. However, in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, the potential threat of biological weapons has greatly increased, and some countries and regions may continue to develop biological weapons. In addition, the rapid development of biotechnology has greatly increased the potential threat of biological weapons, and bioterrorism marked by the "anthrax incident" in the United States poses a real threat to international security. Yuan, head of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Hong Kong, was the first scholar to isolate coronavirus, and found that coronavirus variant was the pathogen of SARS. SARS virus belongs to RNA virus, which is easy to recombine with other virus genes and become a new virus. Moreover, many experimental results also show that the new virus produced in this way will be more toxic than the parent virus. Coronavirus can be found in many animals. This virus is easy to mutate and extremely dangerous. Therefore, Yuan believes that SARS virus has great potential to become the pathogen for manufacturing chemical and biological weapons other than smallpox.
Negative effects of biotechnology
The negative effects of biotechnology are as follows: first, unexpected security problems may occur when people develop and utilize biotechnology. Just as the environmental release of various genetically modified organisms is widely concerned about the harm to biodiversity. In addition, genetically engineered drugs, vaccines, genetically modified foods, gene therapy, etc. There may be similar problems. The misuse and unethical application of biotechnology may also bring great security risks. The study of somatic cell cloning is a prominent example.
Threats to biological resources and biodiversity
From the perspective of biosafety, the invasion of alien species and the loss of biological resources may cause great harm to national interests. The environmental release of genetically modified organisms poses a great threat to biodiversity.
Potential safety hazards in microbiology laboratory
Compared with other physical and chemical laboratories or other laboratories, the microbiology and biomedical laboratory is a special laboratory. Everyone who works in it and the surrounding environment in contact with it are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases or affecting health. Omissions and accidents in microbiology laboratory management will not only lead to infection of laboratory staff, but also cause environmental pollution and large-scale population infection. Accidents of accidental infection in laboratories at home and abroad are common. In serious cases, thousands of experimental animals have to be slaughtered, even leading to the death of laboratory staff.
At present, with the rapid development of biotechnology, biosafety has become a major proposition that affects the politics, economy, security and peace of the whole country and even the whole world. In recent years, especially after the "anthrax infection incident" in the United States, biosafety issues have attracted much attention at home and abroad, and biosafety terms often appear in government or non-governmental organization documents and in various media. The global epidemic of SARS will undoubtedly make countries around the world pay more attention to biological safety and regard it as an integral part of national security.
With the development of economy, the acceleration of people's life rhythm and the improvement of living standards, the amount of plastics
Increasing day by day. From 65438 to 0996, the consumption of plastic packaging in China reached 2.43 million tons, with an average annual growth rate exceeding.
20%, especially in cities, main traffic routes and tourist attractions, plastic waste is increasing rapidly.
According to the survey, the annual output of domestic waste in Beijing has reached 3 million tons, of which waste plastics account for about 3%, increasing year by year.
The growth rate reached 48%. The content of plastic in garbage in coastal cities is higher, reaching 8- 10%. These wastes
If the proportion of plastic in garbage is calculated by volume, it has reached more than one third, and it has greatly increased.
The difficulty and cost of garbage disposal.
Because waste plastics are difficult to degrade for hundreds of years, if discarded in the natural environment, it will give mosquitoes, flies and
Bacteria provide a hotbed for survival and reproduction; If buried underground, it is easy to pollute groundwater and hinder plant roots.
The growth of strains destroys soil quality and affects crop harvest; If you burn with fire, it will produce a variety of toxic gases.
Body. "White pollution" has become a major public hazard that harms the social environment of China and seriously hinders the development of China.
Sustainable development of economy and environment.
At present, the annual consumption of disposable tableware in China is about10 billion, mainly foam plastic products, which should be banned.
To stop the production and sale of these disposable foamed plastic tableware, it is necessary to develop and produce its substitutes.
Articles and green disposable tableware came into being. Experts believe that the development of green disposable tableware
And production is becoming a new environmental protection industry in China.
In mid-February, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Railways jointly held the Green One.
At the second tableware technology development exchange meeting, the reporter interviewed the person in charge of China Rural Technology Development Center.
Wang Zhixue and the managers of several production enterprises.
Wang Zhixue said: At present, the green disposable tableware developed and produced in China can be divided into paper according to the types of raw materials.
Pulp, rice husk, rice straw and starch. At present, there are hundreds of enterprises in China that produce paper disposable tableware.
The annual production capacity is about 3 billion.
The raw materials of paper tableware are seriously polluted in the production process, with high cost, high strength, water resistance and moisture resistance.
Poor sex, therefore, its popularization and application have great limitations, and people naturally look to others.
Department, to benefit from science and technology. If rice husk is used as raw material to produce rice husk tableware, there are more than a dozen such tableware in China.
Enterprise type, the annual production capacity is about 65.438+0.5 billion; Straw tableware is mainly made of crop straw.
Raw materials, at present, there are more than a dozen domestic manufacturers, with an annual production capacity of 75 million; Starch tableware is potatoes.
Starch is the main raw material, which has good biodegradability and can be used as feed after recycling. In a word, this country is very interested in green.
The research and development of recycled tableware is very important, through scientific and technological research, spark plan, torch plan and other scientific and technological development
The exhibition plan gives strong support, and the production technology of green disposable tableware in many enterprises is relatively mature, with
Laid the foundation for industrialization.
Wuhan Far East Green World Group Co., Ltd. takes starch as raw material to tackle scientific and technological problems of green disposable tableware.
Close and develop companies whose economic benefits have begun to take shape. Su Xiaohai, president of the company, had a legendary experience:
Formerly majoring in arts and crafts in Hubei Institute of Light Industry, 1984 entered Wuhan University to study for a master's degree in philosophy.
After studying and working in Germany, the environmental protection in Europe touched him very much, so he went back to China to do it.
The concept of environmental protection industry. Su Xiaohai told reporters: I have studied arts and crafts and am an aesthete.
Tian's commitment to environmental protection such as green tableware stems from my initial understanding of beauty; And the extension of aesthetics
Stretching, in the final analysis, is also a philosophy.
From 1992 to 1996, the recycled cardboard disposable tableware and reed pulp developed by Far East Green World Company.
Due to the low technology content, the production scale of molded tableware has not been expanded. 1996 Gong
The company sent staff to inspect the technical situation of biodegradable packaging products in the European market and thought that the production of plant starch should be developed.
Fully degradable disposable tableware may be a way to eliminate "white pollution". 1997, consisting of a batch of food
Specialists in products, chemistry and machinery, the company focuses on the development of fully degradable disposable catering supplies, among which
Included in 1997 national torch plan project.
They absorb foreign advanced technology,
As for "fast life", whether it is a car or an airplane phone, it is essentially to continuously improve people's living efficiency. In this pursuit of efficiency, psychological group social anxiety is caused, which means that society is becoming more and more impetuous.
From the development of science to globalization, the disadvantages of globalization, such as cultural loss, cultural aggression under economic strength and so on.
From globalization to the change of ideas, it is best to give some examples, such as the lost generation in the United States.
Consume a lot of limited material resources on the earth; Some modern scientific products will be harmful to human health.
The scientific and technological development of nuclear weapons has brought about today's nuclear weapons problem and caused hidden dangers to the world.
Chernobyl nuclear leak
1: Nature is destroyed by human science and technology. Species extinction, air pollution, nuclear threat, etc. )
2. The development of science and technology can easily lead to the degradation of some human physiological skills.
3. Some developed new resources can't be rationally utilized (such as genetically modified food).