2113 Shanghai College Entrance Examination in Spring

Chinese Test Paper

Note for candidates:

1. Before answering the paper, candidates must clearly fill in their names and admission ticket numbers with pens or signature pens.

2. All the answers to the questions must be scribbled on the answer sheet, and no marks will be given if written on the test paper. When answering questions, pay attention to the one-to-one correspondence between the test questions and the answer sheets, and do not misplace them.

3. This paper is ***6 pages, with a full score of 151, and the examination time is 151 minutes.

1. Reading (81 marks)

(1) Read the following and complete questions 1-4. (13 points)

Chinese food is a general name, which is composed of distinctive cuisines in famous regions. If there were no colorful local flavor dishes, Chinese food would not be so rich and attractive. Just as Peking Opera has four famous schools and four famous students, Chinese cuisine has four major cuisines (Sichuan, Beijing, Jiangsu and Guangdong) and eight major flavors (Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and Qin), which is a manifestation of its high maturity and prosperity.

China has a vast territory, and there are great differences in natural conditions, geographical environment and product resources in different regions, which is the material basis and prerequisite for people's different diet varieties and taste habits. As the saying goes, "eat mountains by relying on mountains, and eat water by relying on water." Needless to say, the development of society and the formation and transfer of political, economic and cultural centers are also the contributing and catalytic factors of local cuisines.

from ancient times to the eastern Zhou dynasty, the main breeding and activity area of Huaxia nationality was in the north centered on the yellow river basin. Therefore, northern cuisine, which is mainly made from land, has a long history and has a great influence on the formation of our national eating habits. During the Warring States Period, countries such as Chu, Wu and Yue, south of the Yangtze River, gradually became prosperous, and another color of Chu culture appeared. As long as we read "Songs of Chu Evocation", we can see that the southern cuisine is dominated by aquatic products and poultry, which are obviously two different styles from the northern cuisine. But at that time, both the northern cuisine and the southern cuisine were still in an unconscious stage of development, far from being dominated by the people and becoming independent schools. Qin Shihuang unified China, expanded China's territory, organized many large-scale immigrants and developed frontier areas. As a result, in the Western Han Dynasty, the economy and culture of Ba and Shu (now Sichuan Province) in the southwest developed, and the local customs were further Han-oriented. The rich products and various cooking techniques listed in Yang Xiong's Shu Du Fu raised the dawn of Sichuan cuisine. The Southern and Northern Dynasties was a time of great ethnic migration. After the northern nationalities ruled the Central Plains, they gradually merged with the Han nationality. The aristocratic class of the Han nationality moved to the south, which brought economic prosperity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This will definitely have a great impact on the emergence of Jiangsu cuisine and Zhejiang cuisine in the future. Emperor Yangdi dug the Grand Canal to open a passage for the north and south; His trip to Yangzhou made Yangzhou increasingly prominent in the country. By the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou had become a transportation hub of China and foreign countries, north and south, so it was said that "Yang Yi Er". Yangzhou cuisine has been seen here. Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) in the Southern Song Dynasty was one of the most prosperous and densely populated cities in the world at that time. In Old Stories of Wulin, there began to be the name of "Southern Restaurant" and "Northern Restaurant". It can be seen that at that time, there was only a division between northern and southern cuisines, and in fact, Zhejiang cuisine had already emerged. Since Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Beijing has almost always been the capital of China. After hundreds of years of brewing and accumulation, Beijing cuisine has widely absorbed the strengths of northern cuisine and finally become a unique cuisine. Kangxi and Qianlong's "southern tours" for many times, local officials everywhere made various arrangements and delicious dishes, which played a great role in developing local flavor dishes. That is to say, in the case of Jiangsu cuisine, after a hundred flowers blossom, Yangzhou cuisine, Nanjing cuisine, Zhenjiang cuisine, Wuxi cuisine, Suzhou cuisine and other different flavors and characteristics have been derived. As for Cantonese cuisine, it may not be famous until after the Opium War, because it obviously absorbed foreign ingredients and developed from Chinese and foreign exchanges.

The final completion of local cuisines depends on the emergence of a large number of famous shops, chefs and dishes, as well as a large number of celebrities, masterpieces and famous sentences. The "Quanjude" in Beijing and the "Louwailou" in Hangzhou are good examples.

Nowadays, when foreign friends come to China, they generally don't have the concept of a certain gang in a certain place, let alone a preconceived preference for Chinese food. They always want to taste all kinds of regional flavor dishes. This has prompted many hotels and restaurants to hold famous dishes from all over the country in one place, and the characteristics of gangs have gradually disappeared. It seems that this is a trend of "combination". After some integration, it is possible to divide them into new cuisines on a new basis.

1. At the beginning of the article, the "Four Famous Dancers" and "Four Great Bears" in Peking Opera are mentioned to illustrate (2 points)

A. Eight famous Peking Opera actors have a good knowledge of Chinese food.

B. Chinese food has formed four attractive brands.

C. Beijing Opera is as diverse as cooking techniques.

D. Chinese food has formed strong local characteristics.

2. The following two statements are not in line with the meaning of the text: (4 points)

A. The southern cuisine is mostly aquatic products and poultry, which is recorded in "Chu Ci Evocation".

B. The social changes in the Northern and Southern Dynasties had a great influence on the formation of Jiangsu and Zhejiang cuisines in the future.

C. Sichuan cuisine is well-known, and Shu Du Fu is the earliest recipe of Sichuan cuisine, which has raised the dawn of Sichuan cuisine.

D. During the Southern Song Dynasty, various cuisines from the North, the South and the East competed with each other in the bustling Hangzhou, and Old Stories of Wulin has a detailed record.

e. Yangzhou cuisine is famous all over the world, which is closely related to the convenient transportation brought by the excavation of the Grand Canal.

F. The development and maturity of Cantonese cuisine is later than that of other cuisines, and it absorbs more foreign cultural elements.

3. From the article, the main reasons for the formation and development of cuisines in different places are (1) _ _ _ _ (2) _ _ _ _ _ _ (3) _ _ _ _ (3 points)

4. Some people say that young people nowadays like KFC and McDonald's. Please talk about your opinion. (4 points)

(2) Read the following and complete questions 5-9. (14 points)

judging a person's historical merits and demerits mainly depends on his position in society and the role he plays.

every member of society does his duty (or obligation) according to his social position. Traditionally, it is said that ethics is order and order. To survive in society, people must stand in a certain social position. Sometimes, the same thing (a behavior) can be evaluated differently because of the different social positions of the actors.

Liang Wudi believes in Buddhism, and has a profound religious accomplishment. He has written many Buddhist classic notes that have been handed down to the world. He is a vegetarian, malnourished, overworked and emaciated. Someone advised him that as an emperor, his duty is to make the people live and work in peace and contentment, and live a prosperous life, not to "stop eating for half a day and save the lives of Quan Yi birds". If Liang Wudi is not in the position of emperor, as a devout Buddhist believer, his behavior is commendable; As an emperor, he was a king of national subjugation and failed. Similar to Liang Wudi, there is Song Weizong Zhao Ji. His paintings and calligraphy are first-rate, and he can be handed down from generation to generation. His skill in playing football is also good, that is, he made a mess of the country, became the king of national subjugation, and was also an unqualified emperor.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the world, and the two armies confronted each other. Xiang Yu used Liu Bang's father as a hostage to coerce Liu Bang into submission. If you don't give in, you'll cook Liu Bang's father to death in an oil pan. Liu Bang said that we once became brothers. "My father is your father. If you cook too much, I'm lucky to get a piece of it." For the sake of the world, Liu Bang can ignore his father's life and death, and Liu Bang became the founding king of the Han Dynasty. His political achievements were better than those of the Qin dynasty, and later generations did not deeply blame Liu Bang for his unfilial behavior. Peter the Great of Russia is a promising king, which has promoted the development of Russia, but he is also lewd. However, historians have adopted a tolerant attitude towards him without demanding.

People can look at the mainstream of historical figures thousands of years ago. It is a common method to give overall consideration to the main contributions and historical functions of the ancients. Because after many years, the small mistakes of the ancients no longer have an impact, and what remains is the part that they have a social impact. For example, Dong Qichang, a famous painter and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, was a very bad person, and his sons ran wild in the countryside. But for hundreds of years, people still recognized his achievements in painting and calligraphy.

When we comment on current figures and words and deeds, we can't rigidly comment on the merits and demerits of historical figures. Because the small things at present are related to the quality of social atmosphere, especially the officials at all levels who have leadership responsibilities. It should play a good role as an example. If you pursue enjoyment, get rid of the supervision of the masses, and act recklessly, you may think that it is trivial, but in fact you have lost a lot. You don't have to wait until a hundred years later, and now you can't escape the accusation of public opinion. ① Mistakes in sections, ② mistakes, ③ everyone in society, if they don't pay attention to sections, ④ is irresponsible to society. It is unrealistic to fail at that time and try to get forgiveness from later critics, which is harmful to society and ourselves.

5. Liang Wudi and other historical figures are listed in this paper to prove the viewpoint of _ _ _. (2 points)

6. The underlined sentence in this paper is a multiple complex sentence, and its first level should be before the _ _ _ sentence. (2 points) < P > 7. Judging from the expression of the article, one of the following statements is incorrect (3 points) < P > A. This article has clear arguments and sufficient arguments, so it is very convincing.

B. It is a characteristic of this article to talk about the past and discuss the present, quote classics, pick them at hand and talk about them.

C. The author satirizes the present by borrowing from the past, and his writing style is sharp and has a strong realistic pertinence.

D. In this paper, citing, illustration, comparison and other argumentation methods are used in many places, which enhances the artistic expression.

8. Argumentative arguments should be typical and accurate. In this paper, four feudal emperors and a scholar are used as examples to demonstrate their views, which does not feel repetitive and cumbersome to read. Please analyze the reasons. (4 points)

9. The author's intention in writing this article is _ _ _ _. (3 points)

(3) Read the following and complete questions 11-15. (18 points)

(1) There is an elf, wandering like the water in March, as cold as the moon on a winter night; There is an elf who is as melancholy as a drizzle in early summer and as bitter as cinnamon in late autumn; There is an elf who is destined to wander forever _ _ Erhu, Jiangnan, wandering Erhu.

(2) Mongolian yurts, wheeled carts, and the prairie where wind blows grass and cattle and sheep are scarce are destined to be the cradle of Ma Touqin; Red sorghum, belief in heaven, and strong winds are rising. The loess high slope in cloud flying is a world of suona by nature. Yang Liuan, Wupeng Boat, and Jiangnan, where small bridges flow around others, will always be the endless magnetic field of erhu. One side of the soil and water nourishes one side of people, and one side of customs breeds the growth of one side of musical instruments. It's just that we don't know whether Jiangnan chose Erhu or Erhu chose Jiangnan. Such a choice is hard to consider and hard to study.

(3) Erhu is as poetic as apricot blossom and spring rain is to the south of the Yangtze River. Although mountains and rivers flow, we have only seen Yu Boya's jiaoweiqin. By the Xunyang River, we only smell Bai Juyi's pipa. Although among the numerous dramas of Tang, Song, Ci, Yuan, Qu and Ming Dynasties, it is difficult for us to absorb the weeping of Erhu and touch the pulse of Erhu, but who can say that Erhu would not wander lonely in Jiangnan without Jiaowei Qin and Pipa?

(4) The gold powder of the Six Dynasties and Qinhuai in Wang Xiehou's mansion have too many sounds and emotions, which are not flowers blooming on the erhu string; Sanqiu Guizi, the Qiantang of Shili Lotus, is too beautiful and prosperous, and that is not the law of beating in the bow of erhuqin; Fiber roads, Wupeng, terraces, verandahs, rain lanes, stone bridges, tea shops and grain fields are doomed to the wandering feet of erhu, which does not belong to poets and dignitaries. The wandering erhu is born to be a prop for peddlers and merchants when they are happy, and a support between poverty and poverty.

(5) I really don't know when Erhu began to wander in the south of the Yangtze River. All I know is that when the moonlight is like water, the laurel blossoms in late autumn, and the dense drizzle is dancing with plantains by the river; When the passionate evening breeze blows the stone bridge at Taimen, and the scattered kitchen smoke fills the countryside threshing floor; The wandering of erhu began. When the wandering erhu fatally met that person, its wandering was concentrated and gathered for no reason, and it was infinitely spread and amplified. The man named A Bing, a blind man, was like a wizard. Erhu met him and never stopped wandering. The notes in his "Two Springs Reflecting on the Moon" are like flowing springs, and we know that wandering is a kind of helplessness; The melody of "The Storm in Joan Hinton" flows out slowly like tears. We know that the wandering is clearly a kind of sadness, and the wandering of "Listening to Song" is also a kind of biting and vicissitudes, not the wandering of erhu, the wandering of music, the wandering of a soul and a land, and the wandering of an era and a nation.

(6) Wandering erhu always gives birth to many wandering souls and urges many wandering flowers to bloom, and A Bing, a blind man, is an extreme. However, in the south of the Yangtze River, where the gate is deep in bluestone alley and the eaves gallery is full of shops, and the frogs are thick in spring grass ponds and the birds are thick in the countryside, what about A Bing?

(7) The spirit of soil and water, the blood of amorous feelings, and instrumental music are the soul of an era and a culture. Wandering is not only a kind of misery and hardship, a kind of vicissitudes and helplessness, but also a kind of patience and tenacity, a kind of forge ahead and struggle. It is another vivid gesture of life, which can never be dispelled.

Note: A Bing (1893-1951); Formerly known as Hua Yanjun, a folk musician, was born in Wuxi.

11. Paragraph (2) says: Different regions and different styles are doomed to have different personalities. (2 points) < P > 11. The underlined sentence in paragraph (4) uses a variety of rhetorical devices, and the two correct ones are (2 points) < P > A. Comparison B. Metaphor C. Parallelism D. Duality E. Metonymy < P > 12. Imitate a sentence with the following sentence patterns. (3 points)

Erhu is as poetic as apricot blossom and spring rain is to Jiangnan.

_ _ _ is to _ _ _, just as _ _ _ is to _ _ _.

13. Why does the author think that erhu belongs to ordinary people instead of literati and bureaucrats? (3 points)

14. Some people say that this passage is beautiful and smooth, but it is a bit negative and sad. What do you think? Please tell me the reason. (4 points)

15. According to the context, make a brief introduction to A Bing. (51 words or so) (4 points)

(4) Reading.