the tender refers to the quotation submitted by the tendering unit to the tendering unit in accordance with the conditions and requirements of the tender, and the document filled with the tender form. It requires that it be sealed, mailed or sent to the tender unit by special personnel, so it is also called the bid letter. It is a bidding document compiled by the bidder on the basis of fully understanding the bidding documents and conducting on-the-spot investigation and investigation. It is a response and commitment to the requirements put forward in the tender announcement, and at the same time, it puts forward specific price and related matters to compete for winning the bid.

Bidders have the opportunity to gain new markets because they participate in fair competition; In order to win in the competition, the bidder must strive to improve its business strategy, constantly improve its management level, and carry out technical transformation and innovation to meet the standards and conditions stipulated in the tender announcement, so as to improve the economic benefits of the enterprise and enhance its comprehensive quality.

the Chinese pinyin for bidding documents is tou biao shu

The bidding document is a document with legal effect that all parties involved in the procurement must abide by during the bidding work, so it is logical, not inconsistent and ambiguous, and the language should be concise and short ... The accurate understanding and implementation of policies and regulations is conducive to the elimination of discriminatory clauses by the bidders, and it is a strong resistance to the traditional concept of "buying whatever they want with money" < p A tender is like a script, which is the soul of a movie or a drama. The tender must express all the wishes of the user, and there can be no omissions. The tender is also the basis for bidders to prepare their tender, and bidders must respond substantially to the contents of the tender, otherwise they will be judged as invalid bids (treated as abandoned bids). Tender is also the most important basis for bid evaluation.

1. Classification of tenders

1) According to the scope of tender, it can be divided into international tender and domestic tender.

the international tender and tender require two versions, and the English version shall prevail according to international practice.

generally speaking, the language of the place where the construction purchaser is located shall prevail. For example, international bidding by foreign enterprises is generally based on English (or local language).

If the international bidding is conducted by a company in China, it is generally indicated in the bidding documents that in case of any discrepancy between the Chinese and English versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.

(2) According to the subject matter of bidding, it can be divided into three categories; Goods, projects and services.

it can be further subdivided according to different specific subject matter. For example, engineering can be further divided into construction engineering, decoration engineering, water conservancy engineering, road engineering and chemical engineering. The tender contents of each specific project are very different. The same is true for goods bidding documents, such as simple goods such as grain and oil; Complex goods such as machine tools and computer networks. The difference between tenders is also very large.

2. Four principles for compiling tenders

A. The principle of fully reflecting the needs of users;

B. scientific and reasonable principles;

C. Fair competition (excluding discriminatory clauses)

D. The principle of safeguarding the business secrets and national interests of this enterprise;

Principle of fully reflecting the needs of users:

The users we will face in bidding have very different understanding of their own projects, projects and goods. Coupled with the complexity of the project, the tendering agency should organize the users, designers and experts to prepare the tender according to the situation of the users and the complexity of the project. To fully reflect the needs of users. I have a lesson in this respect. Example (omitted):

scientific and reasonable principle: technical requirements and business conditions must be fully based and practical; The technical requirements are determined according to the actual situation of the project site, feasibility report and technical and economic analysis. We should not blindly raise the standards, improve the equipment precision and house decoration standards, otherwise it will waste functions and spend unnecessary money ... Illustrate with examples (omitted).

fair competition (excluding discriminatory clauses): the principle of bidding is openness, fairness and justice. Only fairness and openness can attract truly interested and competitive bidders to compete, and through competition, we can truly safeguard the interests of users and the national interests. As a tendering agency, it is the most important job to compile and examine the tender, and to examine whether there are discriminatory clauses in the tender. As the government bidding management department, the supervision department manages and supervises the bidding work, and the most important task is to examine whether there are discriminatory clauses in the bidding documents. < P > This is the key link to ensure whether the bidding is fair and just.

the principle of safeguarding the interests of enterprises and the government: we should pay attention to safeguarding the business secrets of the users when compiling the tender documents. For example, we should recruit eight computer production lines for Lenovo (changing the drawings to protect the technical secrets of Lenovo's computer manufacturing), and it should not harm the national interests and public interests. For example, noise pollution must meet the standards. We should pay great attention to this issue when recruiting broadband network projects for the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television to safeguard national security.

3. The tender * * * has main contents

The main contents of the tender can be divided into three parts: procedural terms, technical terms and commercial terms. It includes the following nine main contents:

a. Invitation for bid;

B. Instructions to Bidders;

C. Technical requirements and accessories of the project subject to tender;

D. format of tender;

e. bid guarantee documents;

F. Contract conditions (general terms and special terms of the contract);

g. technical standards and specifications;

H. qualification documents of bidding enterprises;

i. contract format.

generally, both the project and the goods include the above contents.

Invitation to bid: compiled by the bidding agency, which briefly introduces the name of the bidding unit, the name and content of the bidding project, the bidding form, the bid sale, bidding, the time and place of bid opening, and the name, address and telephone number of the contractor. In addition to the above-mentioned time for bidders to prepare the tender transmittal letter, the time for bid opening should try to avoid overseas holidays and Christmas, and domestic bidding should avoid the Spring Festival and other holidays.

Instructions to Bidders: This part is compiled by the tendering agency and is an important part of bidding. Emphasize the basic procedures of this tender. Bidders shall abide by the stipulated and promised obligations. The basic content, number of copies, form, validity and sealing of the bidding documents, and other requirements for bidding. The methods and principles of bid evaluation, the handling of bidding results, the way of awarding and signing contracts, and the bid bond.

The following points must be explained here:

A. The number of copies of the tender should be determined according to the size of the subject matter and the number of experts participating in the bid evaluation, so as to facilitate the principle of bid evaluation. 4-5 portions and 5-15 portions.

B. The bid evaluation methods, goods, services and projects are different, and the price will be discussed in the following.

C. The validity of the bid shall be guaranteed until 28-31 working days after signing the contract.

D. Bid bond is necessary for international bidding, and it is difficult to prove the bond in domestic bidding, and the credibility of the bond certificate is not good, so we try our best to choose the bid bond system.

technical requirements and attachments of the tender: the most important contents of the tender. Information is mainly provided by the employing unit, which is compiled by the employing unit and the tendering agency.

Take the machine tool as an example to explain the matters needing attention when compiling technical requirements and accessories.

Of course, different projects have different requirements for the preparation of tender documents, but we don't touch on the differences here, only the similarities. The technical requirements and accessories of the equipment mainly include: equipment specifications, technical parameters, quality and performance indicators, control methods and automation degree, process flow, inspection and acceptance methods and standards, as well as specific requirements for raw materials, spare parts, tools and packaging, as well as requirements for safety, environmental protection, energy saving and labor protection. Accessories usually include typical parts processing drawings, etc.

Take the machine tool as an example to explain the technical requirements and the preparation of accessories.

tenders can be roughly divided into 11 items. Briefly explain the contents of 11 items.

a. bidding number: it is convenient for project management and is numbered by the bidding company.

B. equipment name: pay attention to accuracy and conform to international and industry norms.

C. quantity: the unit is clear, to prevent misunderstanding, and the quantity is accurate.

D. delivery date: a reasonable manufacturing period is required to avoid excluding potential bidders due to unreasonable construction period. Generally, it takes 3-6 months for machine tools and 8-11 months or longer for large machine tools.

e. Equipment usage and technical requirements:

This part mainly includes four aspects:

The first aspect is the basic requirements of machine tools. The basic requirements mainly describe the purpose of the equipment and the processing object of the equipment. If drawings are needed, they are attached as attachments. In order to maintain the business secrets of enterprises, processing drawings can be designed according to the requirements of processing technology and accuracy. This part is the key point and the core of the technical part. It is necessary to describe the production outline, the material, weight, external dimensions and various functional requirements of the equipment in detail. The basic requirements should also describe the processing beat, working time of production unit and energy consumption. The basic requirements should also explain the requirements for noise, three wastes, environmental protection and labor protection.

the second aspect is the technical requirements and main parameters. According to the needs of the workpiece, the main parameters should be put forward in a certain range, and the data should cover the data of the corresponding models of each factory as much as possible. Such as: Maximum radius of gyration ≥? A certain spindle power ≤KW

The third aspect is mechanical structure. Put forward the principle that each bidding factory should describe the structure and material of the machine tool in detail, so as to compare the stability, life and accuracy of the machine tool.

the fourth aspect is electrical and control. This part often encounters power supply problems. There is a gap between China's power supply and European and American countries, and the quality of power supply in different parts of China is quite different. Reasonable power supply conditions are put forward. Requirements for electrical components and motors, such as AC servo motors. Control system: FANUC system, Siemens system, NUM system and special systems of major machine tool plants are widely used in the world. The tender shall specify a loose range for the selection of control system. The function of the control system, that is, the function of the software, should be prompted reasonably according to the needs to prevent price problems when signing the contract. The machine tool with higher control level is prompted as follows.

F accessories and spare parts: this part of the preliminary work is often neglected, but accessories and spare parts are sometimes of high value, such as tool calibrators and spare chucks. Accessories and spare parts within the warranty period shall be included in the total price. For spare parts beyond the warranty period, the supplier is advised to provide a list of recommended spare parts and quote them separately for selection.

G technical documents: indicate the type, number of copies and language of the required technical documents. Various certificates of conformity are required, and various precision inspection certificates and performance test records are required.

H training and technical services

a) installation and debugging requirements

b) personnel training requirements

I Acceptance methods and standards: adopt internationally accepted standards, or foreign standards and European standards recognized by China. Other standards that meet the requirements should not be excluded. J Quotation and guaranteed price method: the tender must require itemized quotation, which is convenient for bid evaluation and contract signing. Generally, the quotation methods are FOB and CIF, and the risk transfer in both methods is the ship's side of offshore port. The place of delivery is the time and place of risk transfer.

K packaging and transportation requirements are very important, which is related to whether the goods can reach the users on time and without damage.

bidding document format: this part is compiled by the tendering company, and the bidding document format is the standard requirement for bidding documents. It includes the bid letter signed by the authorized representative of the bidder, which explains the specific contents of the bid and the total quotation, and promises to abide by the bidding procedures and various responsibilities and obligations, and confirms that the bidding period is binding within the specified bid validity period. It also includes the outline of the technical scheme and the format of the bidding price list. At present, we strive to submit the performance table to the bidders when the tender is sold, so that the tenderee can compare all the bidders' documents with the same caliber.

bid guarantee document: it is a mandatory document for effective bidding. Guarantee documents generally take three forms: check, bid bond and bank guarantee. If the project amount is small, check and bid bond can be used, generally 2%. The validity period of the bid bond shall be longer than the validity period of the tender, and shall be connected with the performance bond. The bid guarantee is issued by the bank, and it is based on the reputation of the bank. Corporate reputation and bank reputation are the necessary conditions for enterprises to enter the international market. If the bidder abandons the bid or refuses to sign the contract within the validity period of the bid, the tendering company has the right to confiscate the deposit to make up for the losses suffered in the bidding process.

contract conditions: this is also an important part of the tender. We'll talk about the contract later. This part of the content is the legal basis of the economic relationship between the two sides, so it is very important to both bidders. International bidding should conform to international practices and domestic laws. Due to the special requirements of the project, it is necessary to provide supplementary contract terms, such as payment method, after-sales service, quality assurance, main insurance fees and other special requirements, which are specifically listed in the technical part of the tender. However, these terms should not be too harsh, and it is not allowed (actually impossible) to pass all the risks on to the winning bidder.

design specification: some equipment requirements, such as communication system and power transmission equipment, are important documents to ensure the quality of equipment and should be listed in the tender annex. Technical specifications should provide detailed guarantees for construction technology, project quality and inspection standards, which is also the premise to avoid disputes. Technical specifications include: general outline, general situation of the project, requirements for materials, equipment, construction technology and quality of the phased project, and writing down the calculation rules of each division and quantity when necessary.

qualification documents of the bidding enterprise: this part of the requirements shall be put forward by the tendering agency. It is required to provide the license for the enterprise to produce this product and other qualification documents, such as ISO9111 and ISO9112 certificates. Performance is also required.

what is a tender? What are business standard, design standard and technical standard?

A business bid is an economic bid. To put it bluntly, it is the price you want to bid and quote, including the quotation analysis or explanation of each item. This is also a very important item, which is related to whether you will make a profit or lose money after winning the bid! To put it bluntly, the commercial bid refers to the "money" part in the bidding documents! Mainly the project budget book!

I. Design standard

The design level of architectural decoration engineering in China has been greatly improved recently, and the design team has also developed greatly. Architectural decoration engineering is design first, and the design bid is evaluated first in bid evaluation. The problems found at present are:

1. Engineering positioning: Architectural decoration engineering covers a wide range, including hotels, government agencies, colleges and universities, stadiums, entertainment and restaurants, etc., with different properties and functions. Architectural decoration engineering design must adapt to the status of the owner and reflect the image and characteristics of the owner. Therefore, the design cannot be misplaced and positioned appropriately, for example, it cannot.

2. overall coordination: architectural decoration engineering is an extension of architectural engineering, which is not only a part of the whole, but also not the same as architecture. Therefore, the design must proceed from the whole and handle the relationship well. For example, for a building that embodies both national style and modernization, it is necessary to implement such a style in design, so as to achieve overall coordination and echo both inside and outside, especially for local renovation decoration engineering, in terms of style, modeling, materials, color and other related aspects.

3. high level and low cost: architectural decoration design should be based on the owner's investment willingness or consumption tendency, combined with the characteristics of the project. In the scheme design, we should not only combine science and technology with art, but also consider economic factors, so as to achieve high level design and low price.

4. Promote innovation and avoid plagiarism: the general projects are the same, but they all want to innovate in decoration design, but in practice, they often copy a trendy design, and some of them are mechanically copied, so they are often the same.