First, the basic knowledge
1, combustion must meet three conditions: combustible, combustion-supporting and fire source.
2. Common fire sources are: open flame, high-temperature object, Mars, electric spark, strong light, etc.
3. The fires caused by life factors mainly include: careless use of fire, careless use of electricity, careless use of oil and gas, careless smoking, playing with fire, setting off fireworks and firecrackers, etc.
4. Flammable items at home include: wooden furniture, bedding curtains, clothes, sofas, books, gas tanks, etc.
Second, fire prevention in schools and public places.
1. It is forbidden to bring fireworks, matches and other inflammable and explosive articles into the school.
2. The inflammable and explosive articles used in the experiment should be stored in a special warehouse and carried with you when used. Don't store them on site.
3, pay attention to regularly check the installation and use of electrical equipment, to cut off the power supply after use.
4. Do not carry kindling and inflammable and explosive articles (such as gasoline and essence) to public places or take public transportation.
Third, forest fire prevention.
1. When teachers and parents take their children out for an outing, hunting, grazing and herb gathering, don't bring kindling into the mountains, and don't smoke in the mountains.
2. When the school organizes students to travel to mountainous areas, it is forbidden to organize picnics, bonfire parties and other activities.
Fourth, family fire prevention.
1, use fire safely
(1) Chimneys should be far away from wires, ceilings, wooden walls, wooden doors, wooden windows, etc. , at least 0.2m apart.
(2) There should be protection around the furnace body or more than 0.5m away from combustible materials.
(3) Don't dump ashes and slag, and don't touch flammable materials. It is better to have a fixed and safe place.
(4) Don't use gasoline, diesel and essence to ignite.
2. Safe use of liquefied petroleum gas
(1) LPG cookers should not be placed in bedrooms, offices, balconies, warehouses, auditoriums and other public places to prevent air leakage and fire.
(2) Grasp the use of the switch correctly, and remember to close the valve and switch after use. If the valve is broken, it should be replaced in time.
(3) When using liquefied gas, someone should keep away from it, and adjust the rotor size at any time to prevent the soup from overflowing and dousing the flame, causing gas leakage.
(4) Liquefied gas tanks should be placed upright, not upside down, and not baked with fire.
(5) If the gas leaks, measures should be taken immediately: open the doors and windows, ventilate with a fan, and then find the leaking part.
Five, the basic knowledge of fire fighting
1, isolation method: This is a method to eliminate combustible materials.
2. Asphyxiation method: close doors and windows to prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, reduce the oxygen content in the air, and make the fire source go out under the condition of insufficient oxygen.
3. Cooling method: spray water or other fire extinguishing agents on the combustible materials to lower the temperature of the combustible materials below the ignition point and force the combustion of the materials to stop; Or spray water and fire extinguishing agent to combustible materials near the fire source to reduce the temperature of combustible materials and avoid the expansion of the fire.
4. Emergency measures for minor fires:
If there is a fire, you should call the police in time. Students should also master simple and easy methods to deal with sudden small fires.
(1) water is the most commonly used. Fires such as wood, paper and cotton cloth can be put out directly with water.
(2) quickly covering the fire with mud, sand, soaked quilts or blankets can effectively extinguish the fire.
(3) Oil, alcohol and other fires should not be put out with water, but can be quickly covered with sand or soaked quilts.
(4) In case of gas fire, cover the ignition point with a wet towel and quickly cut off the gas source.
(6) When the electrical appliance is on fire, it is not allowed to cover it with damp items. Water is a conductor, so you will get an electric shock. The correct way is to cut off the power supply first and then put out the fire.
Sixth, call the police.
In case of fire, call "1 19" to give an alarm to the fire brigade, and immediately organize personnel to put out the fire. When fighting, save people first, then try to recover the losses, cut off the power supply first and then put out the fire, and pay attention to disaster relief with the wind, especially in wild fires. When putting out a fire, generally use local materials, such as water, sand, soil and other fire extinguishing equipment, especially try to control the spread of the fire. It is strictly forbidden to mobilize and organize primary and secondary school students to participate in forest fire fighting. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the education and management of primary and secondary school students who are not allowed to participate in forest fire fighting. In case of spontaneous forest fire fighting, schools and relevant departments should dissuade them in time to prevent unnecessary casualties.
Attention should be paid to the following points when alarming:
1, report the name of the whole unit and street, and don't use abbreviations.
2. Explain what substance is on fire and how big the fire is. This is convenient for the fire brigade to take corresponding plans according to the burning objects.
3, after the alarm, should be greeted by people familiar with the situation or guide the passage, in order to quickly put out the fire.
Seven, self-help and escape
1, building fire escape
(1) Take it easy. Be clear about your floor, remember the location and direction of stairs and doors; Analyze the surrounding fire, don't blindly open the window to open the door, otherwise it will add fuel to the fire, and don't blindly run and jump off the building, causing undue casualties.
(2) Choose an escape method and don't panic. If you must rush out of the building from the fireworks, wrap your head and face, especially your mouth and nose, with wet towels, clothes and other clothes, and walk in a low posture to avoid suffocation. If the corridor is on fire, but it is not big, rush out of the stairs. If the stairs are broken and can't be rushed out, you can use the tiger window, balcony and leaky pipe of the house, or tie them to solid doors and windows and heavy objects with ropes and slide down from the window. If you are forced to jump from the second or third floor without the above methods, you should jump on some elastic objects to cushion the great power of jumping. If all kinds of escape routes are cut off by fire, retreat indoors and close the doors and windows. If possible, water the doors and windows to delay the spread of the fire. You can also throw things out of the window and use a flashlight for help.
Don't use the elevator in the burning building.
In case of fire, don't take the elevator, because the elevator shaft goes straight to all floors of the building, and smoke, heat or it is easy to flood in. Because of stack effect, passengers may suffocate, and elevators will get out of control or even deform at high temperature. When putting out a fire, water easily flows into the elevator under the action of water stains, causing the danger of electric shock, and passengers are easily trapped inside, which is life-threatening.
3, personal fire self-help methods
Never run away when there is a fire. Take off your coat and hat, or it's too late to tear it open and throw it away. If it is too late, you can lie on the ground and roll, or jump into ponds, pools and rivers. If there are other people present, you can use wet sacks, blankets, etc. Wrap the fire around people, and never spray it directly on the people who are on fire with a fire extinguisher, because the medicine will cause wound infection.
Eight, why can't you pile things in the corridor?
Stairs are usually used for people to go up and down stairs, and are also the main evacuation channels in case of fire and other emergencies. Therefore, for safety, corridors must be kept clear.