answers to the formative assessment book of Production Management
Production management homework 1
1. Multiple choice questions
1. The most important thing in the production process is (C )
A input B output C conversion D finishing
2. The resource elements that need to be input in the production process are (ABCDE )
A person B finance C material D information E technology < The comprehensive performance of product variety, output and production specialization in terms of technology, organization and economic effect of enterprise production system is called (B )
A production form B production type C production process D production system
4, According to the classification of production process characteristics, production types can be divided into two categories (AD )
A processing and assembly methods B production C labor service D process production
E stocking production
5. According to the degree of specialization, The types of assembly-type production can be divided into three types (BCE )
A decomposition production B all-round production C assembly production
D assembly-type production E mixed production
6. Assembly-type production is characterized by (D )
A collectivity, B flow, C continuity, D discreteness, 7, According to the characteristics of organizational production, production types can be divided into (ADE )
A stocking production B planned production C random production
D ordering production E mass customization production
8. The restrictive factors of small batch or batch production are (A )
A production quantity is insufficient, B varieties are more, C personnel are less, D equipment is insufficient
9, The main contents of production management are (ABCD )
A production strategy formulation B product design C production system design
D operation management of production system E quality management
11, product attributes mainly include (ABDE )
A price B quality C value D use value E brand
11, The principles of product shape design are (ABC )
A beautiful B safe C easy to handle D luxurious E easy to disassemble
12. The three dividing lines of service blueprint are (BCE )
A natural dividing line B interactive dividing line C visual dividing line
D physical dividing line E internal interactive dividing line
13. The four behaviors in the service blueprint are (ABCE )
A customer behavior b front-desk employee behavior c back-office employee behavior
D service behavior e support activities
2. Short answer questions
1. Briefly describe the nature of the production process and the characteristics of the organization.
the nature of the production process. (1) The production process is a process of transformation and human labor. The production process is an activity, and it is a series of processes to transform the labor object (resources) into products that meet people's needs through human labor and sometimes with the help of certain natural forces. In the process of transformation, human labor is the core. (2) The production process is a commodity production process.
characteristics of the production process: (1) the production conversion process may change. (2) The modern production process is based on the division of labor. The production process can be subdivided into several stages, and each stage can be divided into several processes. The division of labor can be carried out in time and space, which greatly shortens the production cycle of finished products.
2. Briefly describe the relationship between production type and production volume.
the output is an important factor affecting the production type. (1) The basic production capacity is the basis for determining whether some products are mass-produced. (2) Production capacity is also the basis for deciding to adopt order-based production and stock-based production. (3) The output is the basis for determining the specialized division of labor.
3. Briefly describe the development trend of production management.
(1) The scope of production management has been expanded. The conceptual memory of production has expanded from factory manufacturing to hospitals, restaurants, tourism, shopping malls, banks, consulting and other service industries. As far as the manufacturing industry is concerned, the coverage of production activities has greatly expanded with the extension and delay of the production system. (2) Dynamic organization. In order to adapt to the characteristics of multi-variety and small batch production, the production management organization has great flexibility and adaptability to market response, and two new dynamic organization models have emerged: flexible and changeable dynamic organization; Virtual organization. (3) Intelligent product design. (4) Precise production plan. (5) Flexible manufacturing. (6) Optimization of production process. That is, it is required to achieve "zero defect" quality management; Zero inventory; Zero preparation time, to achieve the best combination of corporate figures, logistics, capital flow and information flow.
4. Briefly describe the basic content of product functional design.
The basic contents of product functional design are as follows: (1) Requirements collection and collation. Grasping the needs of users needs to pay attention to the expression of user needs; Choose a reasonable way to collect users' needs; Arrangement of requirements. (2) Basic function design. Basic function is the function that the product meets the most basic needs of users. (3) Auxiliary function design. Carry out auxiliary function design to improve the use function of products. (4) Convenient functional design. The specific requirements are: simple, clear, taking into account people's habits and easy to learn.
5. Briefly describe the principles of product structure design.
the product structure design should follow the following principles: (1) the principle of functional decomposition, which should distinguish the upper function from the lower function and give priority to the upper function in design. (2) The principle of clear function. (3) The principle of easy assembly and disassembly. (4) the principle of harmony with the environment. (5) Simplify the principle of optimization.
6. Briefly describe the function of service blueprint.
the functions of the service blueprint are mainly as follows: first, the service blueprint can enable employees to establish a global view and a holistic service consciousness, clearly see where everyone is, and establish a customer-oriented and beyond customer-oriented service concept. Second, by showing the elements and relationships of each link of the service, the service strategy is formed. Thirdly, through the analysis of the contact line between service personnel and customers, it is clear in which link customers feel and evaluate the service quality, which lays the foundation for improving the design. Fourth, recognize the weak links in the service process, so as to determine the service quality and improve the service objectives. Fifth, it provides an important basis for internal and external marketing activities, and provides a basis for identifying costs, revenues and investing in different service elements. Sixth, we can clearly provide ways to improve service quality from the outside to the inside.
Third, discuss the analysis problem
1. Try to describe the advantages and disadvantages of process specialization and object specialization. 11 ~ 11
Characteristics of process specialization (1) Because its processing object is not fixed, it can adapt to the characteristics of strong product variety change, which is the main advantage of process specialization. (2) Process specialization generally adopts general equipment and general tooling in the unit, and the degree of specialization in the workplace is low, so the production efficiency is low. (3) Organize production according to the principle of process specialization. The production process of a product has to go through multiple production units. The continuity of the production process is poor and the transportation distance is long. Therefore, the production cycle is long, the amount of work-in-process is large, and the production area and warehouse area occupied are relatively large, so the corresponding expenses are relatively high. (4) Process specialization complicates the relationship between production units, which complicates management such as planning management, production scheduling, quality management and work-in-process management, and greatly increases the workload of management. (5) Due to the use of general equipment and general equipment, workers have a wider scope of work and a higher technical level, which is not easy to produce work fatigue and is conducive to the all-round development of employees.
Characteristics of object specialization: (1) Because its processing is relatively stable to the outside world, special equipment and tools can be used, and the degree of specialization of its production is high, so that higher labor production efficiency can be obtained. (2) The production equipment in the production unit can be arranged according to the technological process of the processing object, so that the product manufacturing process can be closely connected in space, which can shorten the transportation route of WIP, save the transportation cost, and help realize the mechanization and automation of transportation between processes, reduce the transportation batch and realize "one flow", thus reducing the number of WIP, saving the production area, shortening the production cycle and reducing the capital occupation. (3) From the perspective of management, because all (or most) manufacturing of a product is completed in the same unit, the working places of each process are closely connected, and the discovery is fast and the feedback is fast, which is convenient for timely processing. At the same time, the responsibility of the production unit is clear, which is conducive to the implementation of the responsibility system. (4) Units with specialized objects have high requirements for management cadres, requiring them to understand all the production processes applied by the unit, and also requiring them to have strong organizational and design capabilities. (5) The main disadvantage of object specialization is its poor adaptability to product varieties. When the market demand changes greatly and the product direction of the enterprise is unstable, it is impossible to organize specialized production units according to fixed objects. (6) The work scope of employees in specialized units is very narrow, which is not conducive to the all-round development of employees.
2. Try to explain the position and function of production management. 13 ~ 15
the position of production management: enterprise management system can be divided into strategic management, operation management and basic management including production management. Strategic management is the highest level of enterprise management, and business management is in the middle level of enterprise management. After business management has selected a short period of products and market scope, it is necessary to design and manufacture products that can be pushed to the market through product design and development, and then put the products on the market, and the task of manufacturing products is production management. Horizontally, enterprise management can be divided into five basic functions: finance, technical production, marketing and human resource management. Production management is an indispensable link.
the role of production management is reflected in the following four aspects: (1) production management is the basic part of enterprise management system. Without production management, strategic management and operation management will be defeated. It can be said that there is no enterprise strategy without production management, and there is no enterprise survival and development. If strategy and management are "doing the right thing", then production management is "doing the right thing". Without doing the right thing, there will be no right thing. (2) In the rapidly changing market and fleeting opportunities, the requirements for production management are higher. Production management should conform to the change of market demand, shorten the development cycle and production cycle of products, and produce marketable products quickly, so it should be standardized and standardized. (3) Strengthening production management can improve the competitiveness of enterprises. Only when the production management of the enterprise is solid and powerful, has a strong ability to control the problems in production, can it respond quickly and overcome difficulties and problems, can the senior leaders be freed from the complicated daily affairs and concentrate on thinking about the strategic problems of the enterprise. (4) To develop people in an all-round way, improve people's quality and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases. It is necessary to improve people's quality and cultivate useful talents through production activities and production management. The design of production process and production management system should carefully study the pathogenesis and quantity of various occupational diseases and take effective measures to reduce, control and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.
3. Try to describe the relationship between products and services.
the relationship between products and services is as follows: (1) pure products and services. Pure products refer to products that do not contain services. Pure service refers to the service of product production, such as life service. Most pure products are small wastes, and most pure services are single small-scale services. (2) The mutual extension of products and services. For products, service is an extension of production. The services required by the product are the services carried out to ensure the normal use of the product. Of course, these services are not required by the product itself, and consumers can solve them themselves. For service, product is its extension. For example, education provides reference materials and exercise books while teaching. (3) Integration of products and services. Integration means that products and services become components of each other. For products, services are an organic part of products and an indispensable part of product sales. For services, products are one of its organic components. (4) mutual conversion of products and services. Fundamentally speaking, what consumers need is only the satisfaction of a demand, not the product or service itself. As long as the demand of consumers is met, enterprises can provide both products and services. When products are transformed into services, services are also transformed into products. Typical is transportation service.
no matter products or services, they are the fruits of labor to meet people's material or spiritual needs. As long as enterprises grasp the basic point of consumer demand to design products and services, they will certainly succeed; Without the premise of consumer demand, it will bind the thinking of enterprises.