Part I Park Environmental Investigation and Analysis Report
Preface
Thousand Lanterns Lake is part of the city's central axis of large-scale integrated parks located in the Nanhai District of Foshan City. The park by an offshore company to complete the planning program, built at the beginning of its form, creation methods, design concepts, etc. are many refreshing. These similarities and differences, but also produced some controversy, both by some people praise, but also criticized by some people. At present, the park has been put into use for more than three years, its actual use of the effect of how? What are the advantages and disadvantages of actual use? This paper focuses on the thousands of lanterns Lake Park users to carry out field surveys, and on the basis of the results of the survey to analyze the research to draw some conclusions, I hope that these conclusions on the design of large-scale green space, construction of a certain reference significance.
I. Overview
Qiandeng Lake Park (Figure 1) is located in the center of the Nanhai central city master plan in the South Seven Roads, South Eight Roads, Hai San Road, Hai Bajie Road, surrounded by the central axis of open space. It is a large-scale comprehensive park along the central axis of the city. With a length of more than 3km and a width of about 260m, the park covers an area of about 70hm2, of which the lake area is about 19hm2. The overall spatial skeleton of Qiandeng Lake is formed by "digging the lake and piling up the mountains", with a 3km-long wide lake in the middle and surrounded by 4-5m-high mountains.
Green space: Most of the plants are concentrated in the natural, multi-layered tree group planting on the mountain. Combined with the waterfall configuration is different from other parts of the water plants, dense and growth of rosy, full of gurgling water of the wild; is located in the south of the lake near the entrance to the several accessible island, using natural planting, dense shrubs with or scattered or gathered plastic stone, with a lot of fun.
Public **** activity space: mainly by the walking path around the lake and the surrounding mountains combined with the shelter commercial buildings, management houses, and various nodes such as the maze of small plazas, plastic stone valleys, civic plaza, the walkway corresponding to the local expansion of the resting space, corridor, etc. connected to the organization of the public **** activities in an orderly and varied space; followed by the top of the mountain along the arrangement of the garden road connecting the organization of a number of viewing Platforms and nodes, platforms and nodes on the arrangement of corridors, lighthouses and other structures, not only to enrich and limit the node space, but also the formation of markers play a role in controlling and organizing the landscape space of the whole garden.
Traffic space: the whole garden **** with 8 entrances to the city trunk road, completely open, only the entrance to the Citizen Square has an independent parking space. The opening of the entrance is not only the opening of the space, but also the real opening of the psychological feeling. Several intersections between the park and the city's arterial roads are integrated with the park.
Visual and cultural space: including the visual landscape, skyline, historical and cultural factors. The mountain encloses the whole park, blocking the noise and exhaust of urban traffic, creating a natural open space with basically no visual interference; the height difference of the mountain, together with the tree group vegetation on the mountain and the lighthouse and corridors and other structures, produces an undulating skyline; the various landscape spaces are intersected by each other and overlapped, and distributed in an orderly manner, producing a counterpoint view, which is a perfect contrast to each other. Walkway along the curved smooth waterfront, due to the slope of the mountain and the mountain's curved edge line, leading people to move the scenery, landscape highlights in the mountain behind the silhouette of endless; architectural vignettes, ramps, railings, etc., the use of unified design language, such as rough stone and red sandstone combination, a unified color system and detailed features, to increase the visual residence, highlighting the characteristics of the landscape space and the impression of the landscape, the formation of a specific basic mood of the space. Formation of landscape space specific basic mood.
Regarding the embodiment of historical and cultural factors, Qiandeng Lake Park is mainly to provide people with a comfortable, healthy place for external leisure and recreation, focusing on a good ecological environment and the use of comfort and coordination of beautiful landscape effect.
Second, Qiandeng Lake Park plant space type and plant material selection
Qiandeng Lake plant space is rich, mainly the following types of plant landscape:
(1) Tree groups of plant landscape plant material selection: Ficus grandiflora, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus aquaticus, Ficus amniota, Indian rosewood, yinxiang, Cottonwood, neem, acanthopanax, Neem, acacia, pohutukawa, jujube, large-leafed purple violet, Anemone, Carthamus tinctorius, Eleutherococcus africanus-Red Jatropha, Ficus quadrangularis, Bambusa, Azalea, Rhododendron, Rhododendron grandiflorum, Viburnum microcarpon. Use effect: the formation of the overall style of plant landscape, play a homogeneous continuous role, piece of planting shrubs landscape effect is good, the configuration of the tree groups grass slopes so that accessibility is good.
(2) Valley rock landscape plant material selection: king coconut - anemone, leafy ginger, cattail + Pai Lai, kidney fern. Use effect: the use of leaf shape, leaf color contrast so that the diversity of plant combinations into a rich hierarchy of waterfalls and streams landscape, become a visual point of interest.
(3) Tree array landscape plant material selection: Ficus microcarpa. Use effect: the formation of a comfortable covered space for viewing the activities of the square; but not enough location for peak holiday use.
Third, the results of the questionnaire and preliminary analysis
The questionnaire includes: gender, age, literacy, the frequency of this park; to the park journey time-consuming; to the park's purpose; to the park's overall impression; to the park where the impression of the most impressive; in the park activity location selection; the main activities; should also increase the project situation; the length of the park perception; the nature of the outdoor space orientation; the park's main activities; should also increase the project situation. The park's length perception; orientation to the nature of outdoor space; perception and orientation to greenery; the setting of entrances and exits; and the use of artifacts and facilities.
The research *** issued 350 questionnaires, 341 returned, recovery rate of 97.4%; 326 valid questionnaires, the effective rate of 93.1%. Valid questionnaire respondents accounted for 54% of males and 46% of females. Children and teenagers (under 15 years old) accounted for 11%; young people accounted for (16 years old ~ 35 years old) 32%; middle-aged people (36 years old ~ 55 years old) accounted for 24%; the elderly (56 years old and above) accounted for 33%.
The results of the survey and preliminary analysis are as follows:
(1) Overall Satisfaction
From the survey results, the users are very satisfied with the Qiandeng Lake Park in general, which shows that people do need this kind of outdoor space.
(2) User Characteristics
Users include the elderly, housewives, students, children and other age groups, and most of them visit this park regularly. Qiandeng Lake Park is farther away from the central area of the city, and the scale is large, the users include residents of the neighborhood can be reached on foot, and take the transport to reach the residents of the city, and often there are tourist groups and individuals to come.
(3) On the spatial level
From the survey, it can be seen that the vast majority of people's orientation towards outdoor open space tends to be open. Users' spatial feeling towards Qiandeng Lake is open and with good sight lines (100%), but many users reflect that Qiandeng Lake Park is not comfortable enough. This shows the importance of creating a variety of spatial levels such as rest and lag in the strip park.
(4) About the overall impression
Users' overall impression of the park are holistic and complete. The strongest impression of Qiandeng Lake is the lighthouse structure (48.8%). The overall coherence of Qiandeng Lake was handled more successfully from both the users' and professionals' perspectives. Users were dissatisfied with the construction of large pavilions that are inaccessible in the water (75%). It can be seen that for users, the starting point is health, safety, comfort, and more emphasis on the use of the facility's function.
(5) About the Center
When using the ribbon park, many users often arrive directly at a node space, or are attracted to stay at a node during a walk (61.7%). Also, many users prefer to be close to their activities (82.9%). Therefore, there is a need for a relatively independent, well-developed, center-like node space in each section for people to gather.
(6) On the form of greening
Most users think that the greening of Qiandeng Lake Park should be mainly large trees (81.7%) for shade, and not too many lawns and shrubs (53.8% and 49.1%, respectively), which shows that people's need for shade in large-scale spaces.
(7) On the content of activities
The main activity content of users in the park is walking, followed by physical exercise, accompanying children, cycling, chatting, kite flying, taking pictures and other more diverse activities. It promotes exercise, facilitates socialization, and is conducive to people's physical and mental health.
(8) On sports venues
More users suggested that there should be more activity venues, especially badminton and basketball venues, as well as playground facilities. In addition, more users think that facilities such as garbage cans and public toilets are insufficient. They also thought there was a lack of artistic landscaping such as sculptures and vignettes.
(9) Entrances and Exits
Most of the users think that the entrances and exits of the park are more iconic, and that the distance between the entrances and exits is more appropriate and convenient to use.
(10) Length
48.9% of the users think that Qiandeng Lake Park is a bit long. The main reason is that Qiandeng Lake Park along the park road system of stationary small space is insufficient, the lack of rest facilities, resulting in easy to produce a sense of fatigue.
Fourth, the conclusion
Through the above survey and analysis, summarized the following conclusions for similar or similar types of park design, construction reference.
(1) This type of park should give full consideration to the way the public arrive, and set up reasonable entrances and exits.
(2) This type of park should create rich spatial hierarchy, such as resting and retention space, while keeping the space open.
(3) This type of park should have iconic elements, which is conducive to people's awareness.
(4) This type of park is not suitable for the construction of large-scale facilities with a single function (e.g., purely ornamental function). Users emphasize health, safety, comfort, and the functionality of the facility.
(5) This type of park should consider the center of the main and secondary, subsection set up the center of the section, the coexistence of multiple centers.
(6) This type of park should pay great attention to shade, rest and other humane facilities.
(7) The type of park activities and space as rich as possible, to promote movement, conducive to interaction, conducive to people's physical and mental health.
(8) This type of park should take into account the fatigue of walking distance factors, appropriate rest facilities and space.
(9) This type of park should express the local history and humanities.
Part II Park Environmental Investigation and Analysis Report
I. Background
Culture is a very rich connotation of the category. Generally speaking, culture in the broad sense refers to the sum of material and spiritual wealth created by mankind in the process of transforming nature and transforming society. In a narrower sense, culture refers to ideological theories, morals, literature and art, education and science, which are conceptualized alongside economics and politics, and which are related to the social life of human beings. In contemporary China, the development of advanced culture and the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics is ultimately to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people.
Park culture as a part of spiritual civilization construction, its role in creating a cultural atmosphere for the public, improve the cultural level of the general public, and guide the role of the masses of cultural choices can not be ignored.
Nowadays, with the improvement of urban ecological environment and people's economic life, the national city parks in terms of quantity and quality also put forward higher requirements. Parks are no longer purely a place to exercise, it is also an important place for people to rest, socialize, culture and entertainment, and even get information. From 20xx, many parks are free for people to open, the purpose is to let more people to really feel the experience of a variety of different characteristics of the park culture, so as to improve people's spiritual culture in the subtle, rich people's spiritual world, enhance people's spiritual strength, and ultimately promote the overall development of human beings.
Second, the survey overview
In order to explore the connotation of park culture, in-depth study of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to strengthen the relationship between theory and practice, our group on May 26, 20xx focused on visiting some of the attractions of the science park, cultural monuments in Yuexiu Park, cultural monuments excursion area, youth and children's activities, sports and recreation area, investigating the utility of the park's cultural and sports venues, to feel the cultural flavor of the park, so as to further enhance the overall development of people. Feel the cultural flavor of the park, so as to further explore the connotation of park culture.
Yuexiu Park is a unique, full of ecological flavor, but also rich in Lingnan mood of the public park. As a comprehensive cultural park in Guangzhou, Yuexiu Park was first proposed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and after its expansion after liberation, it has received many visits and swims by Party and state leaders such as Chairman Mao and Zhou.
During the visit to Yuexiu Park, our team mainly examined the park's hard and soft environments.
The hard environment of the park refers to the scenic spots and attractions of the artifacts and facilities. This time, our group visited five attractions in Yuexiu Park, including Guangzhou Art Museum, Spherical Water Tower, Shade Plant Area, Flower Pavilion, and Jin Garden (Fish Viewing Area) in the Science Park, Wuyang Stone Sculpture in the Cultural Monuments Tour Area, two attractions in the Idioms and Fables Garden and Golden Seal Playground in the Youth and Children's Activity Area, as well as three attractions in the Sports and Recreation Area, including Carp's Head Sports and Recreation Area, Yuexiu Mountain Stadium, and Yuexiu Swimming Pool.
Guangzhou Art Museum is one of the national painting collection units, where art works of famous calligraphers and painters of all times are displayed. The Spherical Water Tower was once a landmark building in Guangzhou and is the only one of the 4 remaining water towers built before the liberation of the city. It has attracted the interest of countless visitors with its steel spherical shape. The Shade Plant Area and Flower Pavilion have a great variety of shade plants and valuable exotic flowers, as well as calligraphy and painting exhibitions. Jin Garden (Fish Viewing Area) is one of the ornamental scenic spots in Guangdong Province with the largest scale and most varieties of naturally stocked koi. There is also a large-scale fish-fishing pond and a fish pond for children to play and frolic. The Five Sheep Stone Sculpture is a famous cultural relic, and the legend of "Five Sheep" is the origin of Guangzhou's nicknames "Yangcheng" and "Suicheng". The Idioms and Fables Garden and the Golden Seal Playground are good places for children to play and learn. As for the Lei Yue Tou Cultural, Sports and Recreational Area, Yuexiu Mountain Stadium and Yuexiu Swimming Pool, there are a full range of sports venues, including swimming pools, table tennis halls, basketball courts, open-air dance floors, and lawn bocce courts. These attractions are knowledgeable, interesting, participatory and ornamental, rich in cultural flavor, and provide convenient services for the cultural welfare and life and leisure of the people.
The soft environment of the park refers to the service and management, as well as mass cultural and sports activities. During the visit to the park, our group observed that the lawns in Yuexiu Park are neatly trimmed, and there are chairs and stone benches along the waterfront for resting and enjoying the scenery. Moreover, the park gate has a map of the whole park and an introduction to the establishment of the park, and the park is set up with a unique style of fruit peel waste bins, eye-catching guide signs, and trees with hanging tags, which are convenient for visitors to identify and appreciate. Park visitors generally consciously abide by the rules of the park, spitting, littering waste, damage to flowers and trees, damage to public **** facilities is rare. Quality service and management reflect that park culture is committed to cultivating citizens' social morality and spiritual beauty, which is conducive to promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. In addition, mass cultural and sports activities not only relax citizens physically and mentally, but also allow them to further understand the park culture and improve their own cultural literacy. When you walk into Yuexiu Park, you can see various and colorful activities. Different groups of people have different ways to spend their time, the elderly sing, dance, play badminton, play shuttlecock, young people look at cultural monuments, feel the cultural atmosphere of the park, and singing group, dancing group, playing Tai Chi team, sword practice team and other collective activities. Parks really do to create a cultural atmosphere of the public, improve the cultural level of the general public, close to the actual, close to life, close to the masses, the development of park culture with the people, which is worth celebrating.
The hard and soft environments of the park reflect the connotation of park culture in different aspects, and promote the development of park culture. In practice, the hard environment and soft environment combined with one more conducive to the development of park culture. Now we will analyze the Idioms and Fables Garden in Yuexiu Park. Idioms and Fables Garden expresses the essence of Chinese culture with sculpture, which is clear and easy to understand, and highly educational. Many parents and students make use of this ready-made "homework" for learning and communication, and entertainment and learning are unconsciously dissolved into one, which undoubtedly enlivens and enriches the culture of the public. Of course, this is thanks to the rational design of the Idioms and Fables Park attraction, that is, the hard environment and soft environment combined into one. This can be said to be a successful example of creating park culture. On the other hand, the park culture toward diversified development, to meet the needs of people's leisure and entertainment is no excuse, but must be in and park hard environment under the premise of integration, so that it is easy to get public opinion, so that the park's deep cultural significance can be promoted.
Third, the survey summary
Through this social practice, our team members y realize that: the construction of the park culture is part of the development of advanced culture, each of us has the responsibility to promote the park culture and prosperity and strive to achieve the fruits of excellent cultural development by the people *** enjoy, to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the masses, adhere to the close to the actuality, close to life, close to the masses, and constantly promote cultural innovation, and adhere to the principle of the "one country, two systems", "one country, two systems", "one country" and "one country". The masses, and constantly promote cultural innovation, adhere to the implementation of the basic policy of socialist cultural construction with Chinese characteristics, and constantly promote the construction of harmonious culture, enhance the vitality of cultural development, so as to realize the great development and prosperity of socialist culture.
Part III Park Environmental Investigation and Analysis Report
1. Overview of Greentown Plaza
Greentown Plaza is the central square of Zhengzhou, and one of the landmarks of the western suburb of Zhengzhou, the green city of Zhengzhou, is the eye of the green city of Zhengzhou, is a large area of Zhengzhou City, and the function of the rest and entertainment plaza. Green City Plaza was built in 1986 and opened to the public in May 1987, with a planned area of nearly 9 hectares. The square is located at the intersection of Zhongyuan Road and Songshan Road, the two main roads of the city, west of the municipal government, the geographical position is superior. Inside the square, there are musical fountains, viewing platforms, sculptures and other facilities. With a large area of green lawn, flowers and shrubs, flowers in three seasons, evergreen, pleasant environment, is the city's people to carry out cultural, assembly, recreational activities, an important place.
2. Spatial combination and organization
Spatial organization around the square east-west main axis and the north-south axis, from east to west in pursuit of the real space to the virtual space, from the sunken space to the transformation of the raised space, the formation of suppression of the Yang, there is tension, there is relaxation, there is a put and collect the spatial changes in the mode. Plaza space in the strengthening of the axis of the sense of sequence at the same time, but also pay attention to the creation of small semi-open, open space, enriching the spatial composition of the square. The planning adopts the combination of vegetation separation, pavement definition and height difference, dividing the square space into six small activity spaces with different functional characteristics, and through the internal road series organization of the square, the square space is integrated with each other, penetration, and the formation of an organically linked whole. At the same time, the planning of the use of urban design techniques, the space layout of the buildings around the square put forward specific requirements to ensure the unity of the square area space landscape organization.
Greentown Plaza is an enclosed plaza, which carries out a variety of forms of spatial division, the secondary space organization, such as the setting of some sunken space, point space, block space and so on. The division of the square space is mainly the bottom surface through the height difference or different pavement to divide the square into a number of spaces, Greentown Plaza also utilizes the arrangement of sunken space and paving materials, different patterns for the division of space. There are several sunken spaces in Greentown Plaza, among which a large oval-shaped sunken space is the main space and plays a leading role. This is an elliptical roller skating rink, which can also be used as a place for people to gather and hold public **** activities, the steps at the edge of the roller skating rink provide a resting place for people, and the whole sunken space is the place where people gather most intensively. Green City Plaza's sub-space to point, block-based, in which point space is generally composed of plants (such as plant facade modeling, branch and leaf cover, etc.), fountains, pools, etc., block space by the paved area, lawn and other components.
3. Composition of the land
The square land is divided into paved areas, green areas, passages, and accessory buildings according to the use of functional and appearance characteristics. The paved area of Greentown Plaza is relatively simple and large, with oval paved area, square paved area and irregularly shaped paved area, which is the place where the flow of people is concentrated.
Green City Plaza's green space has lawn, water, flowers, trees, shrubs and other components, with shelter, division, linkage, orientation. Such as a large lawn planted in small pieces of trees, play a division of space, blocking the role of the line of sight, so that the lawn is not all at once completely in front of people, but with people walking gradually unfolding the space, not only played a role in embellishing the large space, but also to attract people to enter a deeper level; and a large lawn in the lone planted trees, by virtue of its unique modeling, attracting people to gradually approaching it, and play a guiding role. Plaza green space has accessible green space and closed green space, closed green space to meet the needs of people watching from a distance, accessible green space to meet the needs of people close to nature.
4. Square paving and materials
Paving treatment of the surprise degree of sophistication directly affects the overall landscape effect of the square. In modern environmental design, paving needs to be varied in appearance, color, and texture to reflect the difference in function, such as whether it is used to guide walking routes or to encourage people to stay. The more important the site, the more delicate the treatment needs to be.
In the design of Greentown Plaza, the ground color and the overall environment in the unity of the change, large areas of gray tile pavement, through the material of warm and cold different light and dark to form a rich rhythm of ground form.
The pavement and materials of the square are mainly used to divide the function of the square and guide the public. The pavement change of the square, the height difference of the green and the ground will be divided into different functional spaces, the square and the sidewalk division, but at the same time will not visually and functionally impede the people's approach to the square.
5. Plant design
In the design of the square is used in the introduction of the natural environment. Such as trees, flowers, lawns, animals, cleverly combined to achieve the effect of softening the space.
Green City Plaza planted large trees and large areas of water features. In order to bring more green to the square, the general use of local blocks on the layout of trees and flowers, grasses and matching techniques to form different forms of greening system. With the tree pools, flower pots enrich the spatial landscape, and soften a large number of hard surface pavement to bring the cold.
The edge of the square is a large number of hedges, followed by a large area of green belts, which not only provides a beautiful green background for the square, but also has a good role in isolating the surrounding noise, creating a peaceful environment for people.
6. Conclusion
Through this research, we understand that the city square is an important part of the living space of the citizens, it is not a painting placed in the city for people to see, it must be integrated into the life of the citizens, so the square should be designed to summon the human nature and the public **** sex, the Green City Plaza's success is the function of the square, the local art and culture is well integrated in the square, creating a beautiful environment for the citizens. Together, for the public to create a beautiful environment, comfortable entertainment and leisure plaza, so that the public in the downtown area has a piece of quiet and pure good place to go.