with the continuous development of goose industry, the traditional free-range breeding mode is gradually replaced by specialized and large-scale breeding mode, which further promotes the development of goose breeding industry. Goose breeding requires high technical conditions and production conditions. Therefore, the author talks about some detailed suggestions in the construction of goose farm based on some problems encountered in his own work.
1 Nature of Goose Farm
As the operator of Goose Farm, it is necessary to define the nature of Goose Farm to be built. Because there are some differences in feeding methods and farm planning of different goose farms. At present, goose farms are mainly divided into original goose farms and parents' goose farms. Among them, the original goose farm mostly carries out pure breeding, breeding and seed production, which has a large workload, high technical requirements and large site area. However, the parents' goose farms mostly adopt binary or multi-hybrid production methods to produce commercial geese and sell them, so the design requirements are low.
2 kinds of goose farm planning
The planning of goose farm should be comprehensively considered according to the scale, topography and social environment of goose farm. Before the construction of a large-scale goose farm, professional engineering design units or personnel should be invited to conduct on-site investigation, and then people with professional knowledge of animal husbandry should be found to cooperate to complete the overall planning and design of the goose farm. Among them, the planning and layout of goose farm can refer to the relevant contents of NY/T 682—2113 (Technical Specification for Design of Livestock and Poultry Farm), because it makes detailed requirements for site selection, general layout, road, vertical design and design technology of farm greening. At the same time, because goose farms are mostly built near grasslands or grasslands, problems such as protection and utilization should be considered when designing them.
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Going for a stroll
Three kinds of goose farm construction
Goose farm construction is usually arranged and divided according to different functions and regional dominant wind direction, according to the order of administrative and staff living areas, production management areas, incubation areas, production areas and pollution areas, which not only makes management convenient, but also mainly considers epidemic prevention and other issues.
3.1 general requirements
3.1.1 building construction
building structures and materials with cold-proof function should be selected in the cold areas in the north, especially the goose coops and the houses for people to live and work. Take Heilongjiang Province as an example, its brooding season is generally in early April of each year, when the outside temperature is low and changeable, and the temperature required for brooding is generally 28℃ ~ 31℃. If the heat preservation work is done well, it can not only improve the brooding effect, but also save a lot of fuel costs.
3.1.2 sports ground
In general, it is recommended to lay the sports ground with red bricks, which is not only convenient for cleaning, but also beneficial for maintenance. There should be waterproof slope protection just below the eaves. Considering that there may be some subsidence in the new building, it can be appropriately improved during construction. The playground should have a slope of L% towards the drainage system. Considering the heat in summer, a number of strong columns should be set up in the sports ground to install sunshade facilities. If shade plants are planted, the damage of their roots to surrounding facilities should be considered. A fence with a height of more than lm should be set up around the sports ground, and a plurality of intervals can be set up in the middle according to different situations, which can not only avoid the escape of geese, but also play a role in separating from the pool when drinking water needs to be controlled.
3.1.3 Pond
There should be a certain slope in the pond of goose house to facilitate drainage. A gentle slope should be set on the side of the pool connected to the sports ground, which is beneficial to geese, especially goslings, to get in and out of the water conveniently. Because of the strong exploratory behavior of geese, it is suggested to use concrete structure when building a water pool to prevent the pool from being damaged due to goose pecking. The depth of the pool is suggested to be 31cm-41cm, the width is generally 2．5m-3m, and the length is determined according to different situations. Because the pool is too deep, when replacing water, the water consumption is too large; If the water is not changed frequently, the water quality will deteriorate and bacteria will breed, leading to the occurrence of various pathogenic diseases.
3.1.4 facilities and equipment
The disinfectants we usually use are corrosive and oxidizing, and we may use tools such as high-pressure cleaning pumps in the process of disinfecting goose houses. These require us to choose a structure with anti-corrosion and anti-washing on the inner wall surface when choosing facilities.
3.1.5 set up monitoring system
in the planning and design, line channels should be reserved to avoid the influence of future installation on the overall beauty of the site.
3.1.6 water supply system
water is extremely important in goose production. Because goose farms are mostly built far away from residential areas, it is generally necessary to build an independent water supply system in the farms. Considering the requirements of domestic water and production water for water quality, deep wells should be set up, and filtration and sedimentation facilities should be provided at the same time. When supplying water to water users such as goose houses and living quarters, it is suggested to establish a multi-level water supply system, that is, the water pump room is equipped with a master switch and a master filtration system, each house is equipped with an independent water tank and switch, and each pipeline (including branch lines) is equipped with an independent switch. In order to ensure water quality, PPR pipeline and stainless steel water tank should be selected when selecting pipelines and water storage equipment. Because stainless steel water tanks are easy to clean, corrosion-resistant and not easy to rust, and PPR pipes are easy to maintain besides corrosion resistance. The main pipeline of the site should be laid under the underground frozen soil layer, and the ground mark should be set at each connection for future maintenance. For the choice of the sink in the sports ground, the anti-corrosion sink can be selected and placed at the height of the goose back, which can not only reduce the chance of drinking water being polluted, but also reduce the damage to the equipment. Because it is cold in winter in the north and easy to freeze, waste car tires can be broken from the middle line as drinking water equipment in winter, so that heavy objects can be used to remove the ice even if it freezes, but it is not recommended to use rubber tires in summer, because the high temperature in summer may emit some harmful substances, which is not conducive to the health of geese.
3.1.7 road construction
clean roads should be separated from dirty roads. Different grades of roads should be built according to the carrying capacity of different roads on the site to means of transport. To ensure that the road meets the requirements of fire control.
3.1.8 Farm greening
As a goose farm greening, it is very important, generally not less than 31% of the green area. Play a role in beautifying the environment in the living area. In the production area and pollution area, it can not only play the role of shading and cooling, but also purify the air through the role of plants. In the selection of replanting plants, we can choose fast-growing tall plants as shade and low shrubs as partition walls, but we should pay attention to these plants not to produce flying flocs, which is not conducive to fire prevention and affects the appearance.
3,2 Requirements of different functional areas
3, 2.1 Administration and staff living area
This functional area is mainly used for managers' office, technicians' handling of business, staff living, etc. It is generally at the top of the main wind direction all year round and is closely connected with the gate of the site.
3.2.1.1 administrative office area
With the increasing social activities, people have frequent contacts. In order to reduce the pollution caused by foreign people and vehicles and facilitate information exchange and sales, it is suggested that the main office areas (such as sales department, finance department, administrative department, etc.) be set up in towns far from the farm. Only the departments related to direct production management and a few auxiliary departments are reserved at the production site.
3.2.1.2 Staff living quarters
In addition to housing for staff to rest, recreation rooms should be set up, which can not only solve their spare time outside work, but also enhance communication opportunities, so that technicians can understand the problems existing in production (such as technical problems and interpersonal relations) from another angle, which is convenient for timely solving or seeking solutions. You can also organize activities to increase employees' sense of belonging and responsibility.
3.2.2 production management area
this work area is mainly used as an auxiliary for production, including water, electricity and feed processing. Strict disinfection and epidemic prevention facilities are required at the population and exit, which can disinfect all vehicles and ensure that vehicles inside and outside the production area cannot be used interchangeably.
3.2.2.1 Feed area
As a general goose farm, due to the limited technical personnel, it is suggested to directly purchase full-price feed or large concentrated feed from large feed processing enterprises, which can not only ensure the comprehensive nutrition of feed, but also reduce the investment in facilities. For breeding enterprises with strong professional and technical strength, especially the original seed farms with breeding work, feed processing areas should be set up, so that they can be adjusted in time according to the test requirements. It should be noted that heavy trucks may be used to transport raw materials in feed processing areas, so the standards for road construction are higher than those in other places. Feed processing equipment should be ordered in advance according to the breeding scale or equipment handling port should be reserved during construction to prevent the second demolition and construction work.
3.2.2.2 The distribution room
should be provided with obvious warning signs, high protective fences and special personnel to take charge of it to prevent accidents.
3.2.2.3 heat preservation should be paid attention to in the water pump room
to avoid freezing damage of equipment caused by severe cold.
3.2.2.4 Disinfection dressing room
A combination of various disinfection methods should be set up, generally including ultraviolet disinfection, bathing, clothes disinfection and replacement, hand washing, etc.
3.2.3 brooding houses in production areas
3.2 and 3.1
should be arranged differently according to different feeding needs. In general, parents can choose a large-area breeding cone mode, which can be compared with the use of equipment with high heating efficiency such as hot stoves. As a breeding farm, small-area breeding can be set up and different intervals can be set up because of the needs of breeding work, so that stoves can be used for heating according to needs to reduce the use of fuel.
3.2.3.2 breeding house
because the breeding geese have strong living ability, and this stage is mostly in a more suitable climate, the building structure is simple, so it is warm in winter, well ventilated in summer, dry in the house and easy to clean.
3.2.3.3 Adult Goose Shed
As the opening season of breeding geese in the north is in cold and early spring, the temperature is below zero, so the breeding goose shed requires good thermal insulation performance, and the temperature in the shed should be above zero at night through the self-temperature of geese to ensure that the breeding eggs will not be frozen and cracked. Egg-laying boxes (nests) should be set up on the north and south sides of the goose house, or one end of a plate (1．5m×1m) should be fixed on the wall and hinges should be set up to form a simple egg-laying nest, which is convenient to stand on the wall when not in use and saves space. Because geese need supplementary feeding at night, water and feed equipment should be placed in the middle area of the goose house, and the slope in the house should be 1% from both sides to the middle, and the drainage system is at the lowest point in the middle of the house. To facilitate drainage. Goose sheds should be equipped with shading equipment to facilitate the use of light control in the production season.
3.2.3.4 breeding house
because the breeding needs to adopt small group experiments and establish small cells, it is not necessary to set up a bath pool, but a bath tank. Multiple egg laying boxes with self-closing function should be set up. Monitoring equipment is set up inside and outside the breeding house to observe the behavior of geese. The breeding house should be managed and approved independently to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment.
3.2.3.5 Incubation hall
should be designed according to the technological process. Pay attention to the power supply configuration should be sufficient, and spare power generation equipment should be provided to prevent power failure. Incubation hall should pay attention to the combination of heat preservation and moisture prevention, with good ventilation. The floor of the incubation hall should be sturdy and durable, because the weight of each egg cart filled with goose eggs is above 1211kg. It is recommended to use high-grade cement or terrazzo as the floor. The floor drain cover of the hatch hall should be strong and compressive to prevent the egg truck from toppling due to breakage when it is pressed. The disinfection room should have strong exhaust equipment for exhaust after disinfection. The temperature of the storage room for breeding eggs should be kept stable, and an air conditioner with dual functions of cooling and heating can be installed if conditions permit, so as to adjust the temperature. During the construction of the incubation hall, the main passage should be designed with sufficient height and width to facilitate the entry and exit of equipment.
3.2.4 In polluted areas
3.2.4.1 Sick and weak geese houses
Pay attention to heat preservation and cleanliness, provide a good environment for treatment and recovery of sick and weak geese, and require daily disinfection.
3.2.4.2 Veterinary work area
An autopsy area should be set up and disinfected daily.
3.2.4.3 Waste treatment
Incinerators should be set up to treat dead animals and some used vaccine bottles. There should be a fertilizer pool for sewage treatment, and a biogas digester can be built if conditions permit, and it can be reused. There should be a dung stacking area, where the ground should be poured with concrete and a fence should be set up. In the waste treatment area, the green area should be increased to make it surrounded by green trees, which can reduce the pollution to the surrounding environment and make the polluted area coordinate with the surrounding environment.
3.2.5 grazing area
rotational grazing should be adopted by zoning, and attention should be paid to grassland improvement to ensure the supply of high-quality forage. If there is no water source or far away from the pasture, a water supply well should be set up at a certain distance. There should be a simple shed around the pasture.
in a word, to build a standardized goose farm, not only should there be reasonable planning, but also the details should be designed and configured in detail, so as to ensure convenient use in the future, thus improving work efficiency and achieving good economic benefits.