Related people believe that the support of college students to realize the ideal of entrepreneurship, the introduction of the "independent entrepreneurship card" itself is a policy initiative. Graduates with this card can not only enjoy the laid-off unemployed employment and re-employment fee concessions a series of policies, but also in the registration of enterprises and other aspects more convenient.
Reporter: "not as a job seeker, do entrepreneurs" is becoming a new dream and pursuit of some Liaoning University graduates, the province introduced a series of policies to protect the student entrepreneurship, students can get policy support in what areas?
Fan Long: The number of college graduates in Liaoning Province has increased by more than 20% for three consecutive years, and in 2005 it increased by 30% compared with 2004.
Faced with the employment pressure, Liaoning Province actively carry out in-depth research, support college students to start their own business, flexible employment, and gradually improve the supporting reform measures. 2003, the Liaoning Provincial Government issued a "notice on the promotion of the employment of college graduates of a number of policies", and in 2004, issued a "supplemental notice",********. In 2003, the Liaoning Provincial Government issued the "Circular on Several Policies for Promoting the Employment of College Graduates", and in 2004, it issued the "Supplementary Circular", **** introducing 70 policies and measures, of which more than 30 are related to the self-employment of college students. A prominent feature is the "independent entrepreneurship certificate" as a carrier, independent entrepreneurial college students can enjoy the household registration management, tax exemptions, loan guarantees, social security and other aspects of the policy.
The practice of "Independent Entrepreneurship Certificate" is also an innovation in the country. There is no precedent to refer to in the field of employment guidance for college students, so we borrowed the "Laid-off Re-employment Certificate". Our province is the pilot province of the national labor security system laid-off re-employment work, has accumulated a wealth of experience, which provides great inspiration for the implementation of policies to support college students' entrepreneurship.
Reporter: How is the issuance of the Self-employment Certificate and why has it had such a great impact?
Fan Long: According to statistics, more than 3,000 people in the province have received the Independent Entrepreneurship Certificate, including more than 300 in Shenyang. The scope basically covers all areas of the province, just a small number of individual cities, this is related to the entrepreneurial environment and the choice of projects. In March this year, in Dalian City, Heihu Reef Street Office, there are eight graduates not only received the certificate, but also soon started their own business. The Independent Entrepreneurship Certificate can be considered a passport, a good starting point and a platform for university students to receive support from various departments after receiving the certificate. Although the exemption is a few hundred dollars and a thousand dollars, but this is already a great care in the eyes of the students.
"Thank you teacher ah, this card is too good! It helps us so much!" Often college students express their gratitude from the bottom of their hearts. In fact, after this policy came out, we gradually found that the work of the province's graduate employment centers are also undergoing a transformation: the former is a management function, and now it is a service function, we are not only for graduating college students, but also for entrepreneurial college students. It is the new needs of the service object prompted us to form a new concept, set up a new image.
Reporter: In the process of implementing the policy, what do you think is the main difficulty that restricts the development of college entrepreneurship?
Fan Long: the process of policy implementation of microfinance is a relatively large difficulty, which is not only the difficulties encountered by the college students entrepreneurship, but also the national laid-off unemployed entrepreneurial process encountered problems. The policy is that college students can get a small loan amount is 20,000 yuan, this year Shenyang City, Shenyang City, to increase efforts to determine the 50,000 to 200,000 yuan.
There is a problem with the bank's guarantee, and on the bank's side, the workload of doing a 20,000 yuan loan business and a 2 million yuan loan business is the same. So, they are willing to take on a larger volume of business. The problem of non-performing loans has increased in banks, and the problem of not making timely repayments after taking out a loan has caused problems for banks. Then there is the problem of loan guarantee, some require the real estate of the parents, and some require the proof of the parents' unit; however, the business license is common in the whole province, and many students who want to start their own business will choose some developed cities. They come to the big city alone, without real estate, not to mention their parents' units, and they may not even have many friends, so how to solve such a situation? Who will give him a guarantee? All, some problems still need us to put the work continue to coordinate.
Reporter: What do you think are the characteristics of college students' entrepreneurship compared with that of other people?
Fan Long: According to statistics, the current start-up of college students involved in a wide range of industries, services, manufacturing, light industry, education, but also do the network, but due to capital investment, high-tech companies to be less. Laid-off workers are survival-oriented entrepreneurship, such as breakfast ah, service ah. College students have faster knowledge, flexible mind, dare to think, dare to do, good at grasping the opportunity, opportunity type to account for the majority. They mainly rely on interest and specialties, in the entrepreneurial aspects of the intellectual investment to be more.
The test of entrepreneurship is far more than people imagine, often encountering some unexpected situations. In response to this problem, we have to be in the entrepreneurial and ready to start a business in the training of college students. Guiding college students to set up independent entrepreneurship, job entrepreneurship, hard work of the big entrepreneurial outlook, entrepreneurship theory guidance and business training for college students.
Policy link
Policy for college students to escort the business
"Independent entrepreneurship certificate" is Liaoning Province to support the entrepreneurship of college students a powerful measure, which began to implement in 2003. June 6, 2004, the Liaoning Provincial Government further clarified that all levels of financial departments of college graduates to start their own business, to set up a business to apply for a micro-loan guarantee to be a part of a lower threshold to simplify the relevant procedures, the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Funding Department to simplify the relevant procedures, to reduce the threshold of the business. Simplify the relevant procedures, the use of science and technology funds in Liaoning Province to support and encourage the independent entrepreneurship of college graduates.
Scope of enjoyment
Liaoning province ordinary college graduates "independent entrepreneurship certificate" issued to: ordinary college graduates employed in Liaoning province. However, it does not include graduates of non-general colleges and universities; graduates of general colleges and universities who have finished their studies and those who have been admitted to graduate schools and those who have been promoted from specialties to undergraduates; and other graduates who do not have the qualification for dispatch.
Registered enterprises enjoy preferential treatment
College graduates holding graduation certificates and independent entrepreneurship certificates issued and recognized by the education administrative departments and personnel management departments shall be given priority in acceptance and registration by the industry and commerce departments and shall be given priority in applying for registration and simplifying the registration procedures. Application for small-scale private enterprises, the implementation of the trial period system. Which engaged in business operations, the trial period of one year; engaged in production, science and technology, the trial period of two years. During the trial period, a business license will be issued with an indication of the period of operation, and the registration fee, change handling fee and annual inspection fee will be waived.
Tax reduction and exemption policy
College graduates holding graduation certificates and independent business start-up certificates are exempted from enterprise income tax for the first year to the second year from the date of commencement of business if they are engaged in consulting (including scientific research, accounting, auditing, taxation and other consulting), information industry and technical service enterprises or business units approved by the competent tax authorities.
Newly established independent enterprises or business units engaged in the transportation and communication industries shall be exempted from enterprise income tax for the first year from the date of commencement of business, and shall be subject to a 50% reduction in enterprise income tax for the second year, upon approval by the competent tax authorities.
Newly established independent enterprises or business units engaged in public utilities, commerce, materials, foreign trade, tourism, warehousing, residential services, catering, education and culture, and sanitation shall be subject to reduced or exempted enterprise income tax for one year from the date of their establishment upon the approval of the competent tax authorities.
Newly established enterprises in the "old, small, border and poor" areas identified by the state may be exempted from enterprise income tax for three years upon approval by the competent tax authorities.
But the situation is different in each province and city, it is best to go to the official website of each province and city
References:
Student entrepreneurship preferential policies
Student entrepreneurship complete handbook of policy concernsStudent entrepreneurship preferential policies In recent years, in order to support the entrepreneurship of college students, the country at all levels of government issued In recent years, in order to support the entrepreneurship of college students, governments at all levels have introduced many preferential policies involving financing, business start-up, taxation, entrepreneurial training, entrepreneurial guidance and many other aspects. For college students who intend to start their own business, it is important for them to understand these policies in order to take the first step to start their own business. According to the relevant provisions of the state and the Shanghai Municipal Government, fresh college graduates in Shanghai can enjoy four preferential policies, including free risk assessment, free policy training, free loan guarantees and partial tax exemptions:
■College graduates (including university colleges, undergraduates and postgraduates) engaged in self-employment, from the date of approval of the operation of the individual household registration fee for one year, free of charge, Individual household management fee, economic contract model text labor costs. In addition, if you set up an informal enterprise, you only need to register it in your district or county, and you will be exempted from taxes for three years.
■Students who start their own businesses can apply to banks for business loans of up to 70,000 yuan and enjoy subsidized interest rates.
■Shanghai has set up an entrepreneurship education and training center specifically for fresh graduates, providing free project risk assessment and guidance for college students to help them better grasp market opportunities.
Necessary hardware for college students to start a business
Expert analysis
Necessary hardware for college students to start a business
College students have a passion for entrepreneurship, but due to a lack of experience, lack of ability, and bias in consciousness, resulting in a significantly lower rate of entrepreneurial success. In this regard, college students entrepreneurship guidance experts, Shanghai Entrepreneurship Education and Training Center President Xu Benliang analysis that college students entrepreneurship must have the following hardware:
Hardware one: experience
College students stayed on campus for a long time, a lack of understanding of the community, especially in the development of the market, business operations, it is very easy to fall into the eye of the low, the misconceptions of the paper. Therefore, college students should be well prepared before starting their own business, on the one hand, go to work or internship to accumulate relevant management and marketing experience; on the other hand, actively participate in entrepreneurial training, entrepreneurial knowledge, and accept professional guidance to improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
Hardware 2: capital
A survey shows that 40% of college students believe that "capital is the biggest difficulty in starting a business". Indeed, the clever woman is difficult to cook without rice, no funds, even the best ideas are difficult to transform into real productivity. Therefore, the capital is a college student entrepreneurship to overcome a mountain, college students to develop ideas, multi-channel financing, in addition to bank loans, self-financing, private lending and other traditional ways, but also make full use of venture capital, angel investment, venture capital funds and other financing channels.
Hardware three: technology
Intelligence for capital, which is the characteristic road of college students' entrepreneurship. Some venture capitalists are often willing to fund the entrepreneurial programs of college students just because they are interested in the advanced technology they possess. Therefore, college students who intend to start a business in the high-tech field must pay attention to technological innovation and develop products with their own independent intellectual property rights to attract investors.
Hardware 4: Ability
College students are unfamiliar with the rules of the game due to the long term education to the exams, and they are technically outstanding, but generally lack the ability to manage money, marketing, communication, and management. In order to start a successful business, entrepreneurs must be technical, management of both hands. It is recommended that you can start with a partnership, family business or low-cost virtual store to exercise your entrepreneurial skills.
The four major directions of college entrepreneurship
While the entrepreneurial market has unlimited business opportunities today, it is not "gold everywhere" for college entrepreneurs with limited capital, ability and experience. In this case, college students entrepreneurship only according to their own characteristics, to find the "landing point", in order to break out of a really suitable for their new world.
Direction 1: high-tech field
In the high-tech frontiers of college students, entrepreneurship in this area has the advantage of near water first moon, "Ede Ark", "Vision America" and other college students the success of entrepreneurial enterprises, is due to the entrepreneurs of technology. Is thanks to the entrepreneur's technical advantages. However, not all college students are suitable for entrepreneurship in the field of high technology. Generally speaking, only college students with profound technical skills and excellent academic performance can be sure of success. College students who are interested in starting their own business in this field can actively participate in various entrepreneurial competitions to get a chance to stand out and attract venture capital at the same time.
Recommended business opportunities: software development, webpage production, network services, mobile game development, etc.
Direction 2: Intellectual Services
Intelligence is the capital of college students' entrepreneurship, and it is easy for college students to start a business in the field of intellectual services. For example, the tutoring field is very suitable for college students to start their own business, on the one hand, this is the traditional channel for college students to work and study, and has accumulated a wealth of experience; on the other hand, college students can make full use of the educational resources of colleges and universities, and it is easier to earn the "first bucket of gold". This kind of intellectual service entrepreneurship program cost is low, a table, a phone can be opened.
Recommended business opportunities: tutoring, tutoring agencies, design studios, translation offices, etc.
Direction 3: Chain franchise field
Statistics show that in the same field of operation, the success rate of individual entrepreneurship is less than 20%, while the franchise entrepreneurship is as high as 80%. The entrepreneurial resources are very limited for college students, with the chain of franchises, brand, technology, marketing, equipment, can be less investment, lower threshold to achieve self-employment. But the chain is not "zero risk", in the market mixed status quo, college students are not deep, in the choice of joining the project should pay attention to avoid risk. Generally speaking, college entrepreneurs have weak financial strength, suitable for the choice of start-up capital is not much, manpower requirements are not high to join the project, it is appropriate to start from a small business; In addition, it is best to choose the operating time of more than 5 years, with more than 10 franchises of mature brands.
Recommended business opportunities: fast food, housekeeping services, campus mini-mart, digital quick printing station.
Direction four: store
Student store, on the one hand, can make full use of the student customer resources in colleges and universities; on the other hand, due to the familiarity of their peers' consumption habits, so it is easier to get started. Because of the "student route", so in order to rely on cheap and beautiful to attract customers. In addition, due to the limited funds of college students, it is not possible to choose a store in a busy area, so the promotion work is particularly important, you need to often post ads on campus or jointly organized activities with associations, in order to be widely known.
Recommended business opportunities: restaurants, cafes, hair salons, stationery stores, bookstores, etc. in or around universities.
Student entrepreneurship to avoid the three minefields
Entrepreneurial home "website founder Wu Minghua, graduated from college and started his own business in Shanghai, so far it has been three years. During this period, Wu Minghua experienced the sweet and sour of entrepreneurship, contact with all kinds of college entrepreneurs, college students have a deep feeling and understanding of entrepreneurship. As a "past person", he reminded the college entrepreneurs, pay attention to avoid the following minefields:
The minefield of Bill Gates' myth, so that the IT industry, high-tech industry in the eyes of college students to become a gold mine of entrepreneurship, so many students do not care to engage in the service industry or low technology content of the industry. In fact, high-tech entrepreneurial projects often require a large amount of start-up capital, entrepreneurial risk and pressure are very large, college students, if their own experience and ability to recognize the lack of entrepreneurial expectations are too high, the beginning of a high starting point, it is easy to fail. Therefore, college students may wish to calm their minds, a deep understanding of the market and their own, and then start from a small, from the actual start, the first step to go steady and then take the second step.
The minefield two: paper
Lack of experience is a common problem in the current college entrepreneurship, many college entrepreneurs are not accustomed to their products or projects to do market research, but idealized extrapolation, for example: "If there are 300 million people who need our products, each selling price of 100 yuan, we have 30 billion yuan sales This method of deduction is untenable and often misleading. College students in the early stages of entrepreneurship must do a good job of market research, some feasibility studies can also be entrusted to professional organizations, in the understanding of the market on the basis of entrepreneurship, in order to long.
The minefield three: fighting alone
Today, emphasizing teamwork, entrepreneurs want to rely on the chances of success alone is greatly reduced. Team spirit has become an indispensable entrepreneurial qualities, venture capitalists in the investment is more important to have the ability to cooperate with the entrepreneurial team. Nowadays, college students generally have personality, self-confidence is strong, in the business is often self-righteous, headstrong, these affect the success rate of entrepreneurship. Therefore, for college students who intend to start their own business, strong cooperation and complementary strengths, it is easier to accumulate entrepreneurial strength than single-handedly.
Suggestions and processes for college students to start a business
Not all passion is a catalyst, it can mobilize the comprehensive quality of entrepreneurship and all aspects of the potential for entrepreneurship. But in the face of college students, passion is too much for entrepreneurial vow and too optimistic about the future of entrepreneurship, this entrepreneurial mentality is mainly manifested in the feasibility of the entrepreneurial project is not enough to analyze or not comprehensive, not rigorous, only from the one side of things to evaluate entrepreneurial projects. Most of the college entrepreneurs just have an idea, but there is no feasible implementation plan to realize this idea as a guarantee. Because college students basically have no work experience, their decision-making in the preparation period of entrepreneurship is basically based on personal knowledge and information learned through books and various media, because college students have not entered the community to participate in the work of the previous, in its heart has not yet established a set of personal experience in the system of judgment, so in the examination of business opportunities and projects, often can only stay in the theoretical analysis, so it is unable to understand the project from all aspects, in this case, I think that college students are still less friends with the idea, but without the implementation of this idea is highly feasible as a guarantee. In this case, I think that college students are better off with less slogans and should face entrepreneurial opportunities and projects with a calm and rational mind.
Two, only see the tip of the iceberg
Entrepreneurship is a systematic project, which requires entrepreneurs to have certain knowledge accumulation in a series of fields such as enterprise positioning, strategic planning, property rights, marketing, production organization, team formation, financial system, etc. College students have a good project or idea, only on behalf of the "long march of the entrepreneurial road! "In our college entrepreneurs, there are quite a number of people who think that a good idea and creativity means that they can definitely succeed in starting a business, and they are not well-prepared for the problems they may encounter when preparing for starting a business, or they simply don't think about the countermeasures and designing a good exit mechanism, and they are not aware of the negative factors from all aspects, which leads to the entrepreneurs encountering various difficulties at the very beginning. As a result, entrepreneurs encounter various problems at the very beginning and fail before they can go very far. Therefore, entrepreneurs are not all-rounders, but should focus on all-rounders.
Three, what is the core of the work
In accordance with the modern enterprise system set up by the company is an organization for the purpose of profit. This is the definition of the company, but many people may not think that the modern company is customer-centered, is centered on social values, is centered on product quality, so on and so forth, which are wrong or biased notions, because a business if it can make a profit, it also demonstrates the value of its existence (in addition to non-compliance with the law companies). Therefore, we can say that the core of the entrepreneur's work is to make profit, that is, to increase income and reduce expenditure, which is the highest principle of the entrepreneur's work, and is the basis for the survival and development of an entrepreneurial enterprise. However, I found that in many university students' enterprises, it is obvious that there is a lack of entrepreneurial efficiency due to insufficient or poor understanding of the company's core principles. Some entrepreneurs work very hard and are indeed very persistent, but because of the deviation of his work from the company's profitability the company is in trouble. It can be said that within the legal scope of business, "can make money" is the only measure of entrepreneurial work.
Four, team formation and collaboration spirit
Team spirit ---- These four words may be the most common and easy to understand management concepts, but due to the specific entrepreneurial group of college students, generally under 25 years of age of college students, their social and life experience is not enough, and is in the emotional stage of the boiling blood, personalization, self-confidence and so on, so in the team! Therefore, in the team formation, team division of labor, team rules and systems and many other embodiments of "people and people cooperation" work, college entrepreneurs often appear "one is a dragon, two are worms" situation. Looking at the development trend of the current era, the social division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, more and more specialized, any entrepreneurs want to rely on solo and the possibility of victory has been reduced to very low. In practice, college students often appear to have been the main, headstrong, and other unfavorable circumstances of cooperation and entrepreneurship.
Fifth, mistakes and corrections
A marketing decision failure, a small financial crisis or a door-to-door sales failure, may become a stumbling block in the college students in the path of entrepreneurship, will be in a certain program to hit the college students who did not fight the war of entrepreneurship, so that they are psychologically wounded. In fact, college students should correctly look at the problems and troubles encountered in the process of entrepreneurship, which is a very normal phenomenon, we only need to make mistakes and quickly correct, or ask for advice and suggestions from others, we will certainly learn from our mistakes and grow wiser, and we should be good at paying the "cost" of mistakes, we should be good at analyzing and summarizing, and learn to find our own weaknesses and shortcomings in the failures. We should learn to find our weaknesses and shortcomings in the failure and correct them. It is difficult to imagine that no error will be successful in business.
Sixth, perseverance is victory
Re-full entrepreneurial preparation is not perfect, and then the business plan is inevitable there is no place to take into account, and then the unity of the entrepreneurial partners will be issued will be friction, and then the thick capital of the turnover time ---- These are all indicative of the fast-changing entrepreneurial environment that can affect our entrepreneurial uncertainty is too much, and no one can guarantee that at the next intersection we will be able to achieve the same results. Guarantee that at the next intersection we can choose the right direction, so the entrepreneurial process will encounter setbacks and failures is a normal thing. Sometimes you may feel that the future is uncertain, sometimes you may feel helpless, and sometimes you may feel that the business is too hard to continue. But if the night to the dawn will not be far away, the dawn of victory in front of your most difficult moments. Persistence is victory.
Suggested entrepreneurial preparation process:
1, clear thinking, clear positioning: that is, what I am, what I can do, what I want to do
2, self-check: that is, according to the standard business plan for the preparation of business plans for this project, will be the business of people, money, material, supply, production and marketing of all elements of the planning to carry out
3, to find someone to pick holes in it: that is, the industry you want to do is more Familiar and can maintain trade secrets for you to demonstrate the feasibility of your program.
4, the formation of teams, partners to determine the principles of cooperation.
5, the development of business plans and implementation plans
Hope to help you