Shortcomings of China's service industry (I) Lack of producer service industry Looking at the development of service industry in developed countries, with the development of economy, the relationship between service industry and industry is getting closer and closer, that is, the demand for service industry is increasingly coming from industrial production rather than daily consumption of non-residents. In the developed countries in the post-industrial era, an important feature of their service industry reform is that the services provided for the production process are constantly separated from enterprises and become a new industry-producer service industry. Producer service industry refers to the service industry that directly or indirectly provides intermediate services for the production process. It involves information collection, processing and exchange, mutual transmission and management, and its service targets are mainly commercial organizations and management institutions. Its scope mainly includes warehousing, logistics, intermediary, advertising and market research, information consultation, law, exhibition, taxation, auditing, real estate, scientific research and comprehensive technical services, labor training, engineering and product maintenance and after-sales service. Productive services are not directly involved in production or material transformation, but they are indispensable in any industrial production. Producer service industry has become a pillar industry in many western developed countries, and its position in world economic development and international competition is increasingly prominent. For a long time, China's service industry and industry have gone their separate ways, and all kinds of enterprises, large and small, have their own service systems, such as accounting, market research, logistics, advertising and so on, in addition to the production departments. In developed countries, these tasks should be solved by external and specialized secret service departments. Due to the limitation of capital and technology, China's service industry itself stays at a low level to meet the needs of consumers, such as catering, and it is difficult to provide high-quality productive services to the society. However, in recent years, service outsourcing has been on the rise, and enterprises providing specialized productive services have emerged, and the productive service industry has made certain development. The producer service industry in China is still in its infancy and relatively backward. China's service industry has excessively entered the daily consumption field of residents, and the low-tech consumer service industry has served as the main force in the development of service industry, while the productive service industry needed for the development of modern industry has not been developed as it should be. This will restrict the pace of China's economic restructuring and industrial upgrading, and seriously weaken the international competitiveness of China's service trade. The competitive advantage of service trade in developed countries is mainly reflected in the producer service industry with high degree of specialization and high service technology content. From this, it can be seen that the main direction of China's future service industry development should be to strengthen the transformation of service industry from consumer services to productive services, and continuously realize the separation of productive services from enterprises. (2) The relative expansion of low-level employment in service industry and its disconnection from other related industries will bring many employment opportunities to China. At present, the added value of China's service industry is growing slowly, while the number of employees in the service industry is growing rapidly, which leads to the relative expansion of low-level employment in the service industry. This is closely related to the transfer of a large number of rural surplus labor to cities brought about by the continuous development of urbanization in China. The viewpoint of development economics is that the development of service industry is closely related to urbanization, and the main trend is firstly the development of service industry and the increase of employment, and then the transfer of rural population and the improvement of urbanization rate. However, the reality in our country is that a large number of rural surplus labor force has flooded into cities blindly and can only enter the low-level traditional service industry to apply for jobs. From the perspective of industry distribution; You see, the proportion of informal floating population such as construction, catering, transportation, warehousing, etc. from rural areas to cities is obviously higher than the total employment composition of cities. At the same time, the low level of employees' skill literacy has become the main constraint factor for the traditional service industry to complete the modernization and upgrading of service technology and management methods, making the international competitiveness of the traditional service industry worse and worse. The unreasonable employment structure of China's service industry is mainly determined by the realistic national conditions formed by the long-term growth of extensive economic. The income growth of service industry is accustomed to relying solely on increasing human input, and the promotion of human capital is not taken seriously. The long-term fluctuation of human capital at a low level will inevitably make the marginal benefit of China's service industry decrease. With the further opening of high-capital and high-tech service industries such as financial industry, the requirements for human capital will increase. Improving the quality and knowledge education of service personnel is the key to improve the relative expansion of low-level employment. As the service industry is an industrial cluster composed of many related industries, the development of service trade must form a virtuous circle of mutual promotion with other industries. However, at present, China's manufacturing industry, service industry and their internal industries are out of touch, with weak chain effect and low value-added rate. For example, China's trade in goods has developed rapidly, but it has not formed a virtuous circle of mutual promotion with shipping services and shipbuilding industry, and the deficit in transportation services has increased year by year. Looking forward to the future, the world ranking of China's service trade will increase year by year, but the total amount and proportion are still low; Compared with developed countries, the overall TC index and RCA index of China's service trade are low, and its international competitiveness is weak. At the same time, the development of service industry is uneven, the international competitiveness is uneven, and the competitiveness of most departments is very weak; China's service industry is often guided by consumer demand rather than production demand, which leads to the underdevelopment of producer services and the relative expansion of low-level employment. In order to improve the competitiveness of China's service trade and improve the structural defects of China's service industry, the following policy suggestions are put forward: (1) Accelerate the service legislation and establish and improve the legal system of service trade. The development and market of service trade need strict laws and regulations, but our country is relatively backward in the legislation of service trade at present. In order to integrate China's service trade into the world environment as soon as possible, we should establish and improve the legal system of service industry and service trade in line with China's overall economic development goals as soon as possible according to WTO regulations and principles, so as to strengthen the legal support and standardization of service industry development, increase the transparency of China's service trade, and truly realize the institutionalization and standardization of service trade. (2) Straighten out the relationship between industrialization and service industry development, and promote the coordinated development of service trade and related industries. While attaching importance to industrialization, we must attach great importance to the development of service industry, because the more industrialization develops, the stronger our dependence on service industry becomes. Therefore, we should actively cultivate the producer service market, rely on technological progress to promote the transformation from consumer service industry to producer service industry, increase the demand for producer services through the externalization of a large number of existing internalized services within enterprises, and improve the competitiveness of China's service trade. Give full play to the pulling effect of trade in goods on trade in services. Another reason for the low overall competitiveness of China's service trade is the weak support of related industries, poor cooperation between industries and vicious competition within industries. It is necessary to promote the coordinated development of service trade and related industries and form an overall competitive advantage. (3) Optimize and upgrade the service industry structure and promote the modernization of the service industry. At present, the internal structure of service industry in China is mainly labor-intensive service industry, which is a realistic choice based on the theory of comparative advantage trade. However, if China wants to develop its service industry better, it must optimize its internal structure, keep up with the pace of the world service market, develop high-level technology, manpower and capital-intensive services in stages, and realize its modernization by optimizing its service structure and product structure. (4) Improve the quality of human capital in service industry and enhance the competitiveness of sustainable development. Because the production and consumption of services are synchronized, it is difficult to completely standardize the "person-to-person" service in the service industry, which puts forward higher requirements for the quality of service industry personnel. At present, China faces two major problems: insufficient supply of service industry and brain drain of high-quality talents. Therefore, in addition to increasing investment in the education and training of service talents, it is important to establish a mechanism of respecting talents and scientific performance evaluation, cultivate and retain talents, and enhance the competitiveness of service trade. (five) to strengthen the role of industry organizations, coordinate and improve the overall quality of the industry. Trade organization is the "third party force" to alleviate "market failure" and "government failure" under the condition of market economy. In the process of transformation, it is necessary to develop and improve trade organizations, and undertake and transform some social management functions after the government's "withdrawal". In the field of service trade, we should do the following work well: first, promote the reform of enterprise system and management organization, especially strengthen the construction of chain management system suitable for the large-scale development of service industry; Second, establish and improve the standardization system of service industry, and raise it to national standards and international standards to solve the problems of standardization and advancement of service level; Third, establish communication and cooperation channels with government, scientific research and educational institutions, establish an information platform for international service trade market, and realize information exchange within the industry; The fourth is to standardize the competitive relationship within the industry, unite the strength of the industry, and effectively support high-quality brands to enter the international market. (6) Give full play to the role of the government in service trade. In the development of China's service trade, the government, as the organizer and coordinator of production factors, should give appropriate protection to some uncompetitive service industries and gradually open different industries in the service field; In terms of investment policy, we should put the tertiary industry and other industries, especially industry, in the same position, relatively increase investment in the tertiary industry in a certain period of time, make up for the historical "debt" of service industry development, overcome the "bottleneck" constraint of service industry capital shortage, and accelerate the development of service industry; At the same time, in view of the synchronization of service production and consumption, service products generally cannot adopt the mode of domestic production and overseas sales, and more support policies should be given to the service industry to further "go global" and establish multinational enterprises (the Confucius Institute currently held overseas is a major project of educational and cultural service trade, although it cannot be simply defined as enterprise nature, it is also an important type of "go global" service industry). In addition, the development of service industry is closely related to urbanization, and the agglomeration effect and scale effect of urbanization provide a strong market and demand space for service industry; As the government plays a key role in promoting the urbanization process, it should and can organically combine the development of service industry with the urbanization process in China.