In the treasure house of Chinese language, there are magnificent and dazzling gems, which is the idiom. Idiom is a kind of special fixed phrases, which is adapted from each other. With its concise and vivid features, it has become an inseparable good friend in our daily reading, oral expression and article writing. The correct use of idioms is not only related to the level of students' oral expression in daily life, but also becomes an indispensable "reserved topic" in the Chinese test paper of the college entrance examination. Nevertheless, the misuse of idioms is still endless. What is the reason for it As a teacher who has been working in the front line of teaching for many years, through years of idiom teaching practice and research on the college entrance examination questions about the use of idioms in recent years, the author believes that one of the important reasons for this ending is that the types of idiom misuse are not clearly understood, and the related questions are answered only by the idiom meaning memorized by oneself. Therefore, it is particularly important for middle school students to master the types of idiom misuse comprehensively and correctly. Below, the author talks about several types of idiom misuse in detail, hoping that students can learn from them and draw inferences from them to achieve twice the result with half the effort.

First, gild the lily

This type of idiom has the same feature of * * * in the sentence that it will be semantically duplicated with one or some words in the original sentence. Using this idiom will make the original sentence redundant.

case 1: there are good soil and water conditions here, and there is a United and upward leading group, so people live and work in peace and contentment.

"live and work in peace and contentment", an: stability; Le: love, happy; Industry: occupation. Refers to living and working in peace and happiness. The word "ju" and the previous word "life" are semantically duplicated.

case 2: he wanted to climb up, but this time he was promoted by his boss, and he shed tears with gratitude.

"grateful tears", tears: tears; Zero: fall. Tears of gratitude. Describe extreme gratitude. The word itself has the meaning of "shed tears", which is semantically repeated with "shed tears" in the following article.

Case 3: He personally heard and witnessed the accident and told everyone in detail.

"hearing and seeing", smell: hearing; See: see. I heard it with my own eyes and saw it with my own eyes. This word already implies the meaning of "personally", so it is semantically duplicated with "personally" in the original sentence.

Case 4: It lasted for seven or eight years, and the Anshi Rebellion, which affected half of China, caused people's lives to be ruined.

"The loss of life" means that people were in an extremely difficult environment during the period of political chaos. The meaning of "living things" is the same as that of "people".

exercise:

judge whether the idioms in the following sentences are used correctly and explain the reasons.

1. Although Comrade Zhang Cheng was beaten all over by the enemy in prison, he still adhered to the party's secrets.

2. Look at his frown and silence. I'm afraid he really has some unspeakable difficulties.

Reference answer:

1. Wrong use of "black and blue". "Black and blue" means being covered with scars, which describes a serious injury. The meaning of "all over" is repeated with the previous meaning of "all over".

2. Misuse of "unspeakable secrets". "unspeakable" means something hidden in the deep heart that is difficult to say. The meaning of "concealment" and the meaning of "hardship" are repeated.

second, emotional incompatibility

"emotional incompatibility" here means that the emotional color of idioms does not match the emotional color reflected in the original sentence where the idioms are located, which leads to the misuse of idioms. The emotional color of idioms is clear, such as "meticulous" and "all-around", only one word apart, but the emotional color is completely different. Therefore, when we use idioms, we should use them differently according to the purpose, occasion and object, and use positive idioms for praise and derogatory idioms for criticism. Otherwise, the use of idioms will be inappropriate. For example,

Case 5 Qi Baishi's art exhibition opened in the Art Museum, but the painters from the Institute of Chinese Painting actually watched it, and art lovers flocked to it. (1997 college entrance examination questions)

flock: run like ducks in groups. It is a derogatory metaphor for many people rushing to get there. The original purpose of the sentence is to highlight the enthusiasm of "painters", especially "art lovers", and to use derogatory idioms to express it. It is self-evident that it is inappropriate to use it, and it can be used as "one after another". There are other idioms that have been tested in the college entrance examination: "Do whatever you want" (1995), "Be deliberate" (1998), "Be exhausted" (1999), "Be ready to move" (spring of 2111), and so on.

Case 6 swaythling cup finally returned to our arms! People can't help admiring Cai Zhenhua's vision and courage in employing people.

The idiom "Celebrating each other by playing the crown" comes from the biography of Wang Ji in Han Dynasty: "Ji and Gong Yu are friends, and the world says that' Wang Yang is in office, Gong Gong plays the crown', and their choices are the same" (playing the crown: dusting off the hat and preparing to be an official). Later, it was used to mean that a person became an official or was promoted to an official, and his associates also celebrated each other that there would be officials to do. This is a portrayal of "one person gets the word, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven" in feudal society, which shows that it is a derogatory idiom. Swaythling cup has returned to our arms, and people are happy to celebrate. Not everyone wants to be an official, so it is obviously not in the context of the original sentence to use derogatory idioms.

Case 7: My brave public security personnel waited for him at the station and caught the criminals who fled after killing.

"Waiting for the rabbit" is a well-known fable from Everything is done wrong. It is said that a farmer in the state of Song saw a running rabbit bump into a stump in the field one day, broke its neck and died. This unexpected harvest made him very happy, so he put down his farm tools and stayed by the stump all day, hoping to get the killed rabbit again. But he never got it again, and his stupid behavior became a joke. Han Feizi used this to satirize those who are confined to narrow experience and do not know how to change. Later, people often use this idiom to mean that some people don't work hard actively, but take chances in case of unexpected success. Obviously, this is a derogatory idiom, but it appears in the above example. The author's original intention is to praise the deeds of public security personnel who are ingenious and brave enough to catch the murderer. However, because they failed to correctly understand the derogatory color of "waiting for the rabbit", they were misused here, and instead they were compared to mediocre people who did not make progress and dreamed of getting something for nothing. In addition, the original intention of "waiting for the rabbit" is to waste time and never gain anything again. Then, since public security personnel are "waiting for the rabbit", how can they catch the criminal in one fell swoop? This is obviously contradictory.

Case 8 The poor service quality of this restaurant is well-known, but because there is no branch, we have to eat here.

"Word of mouth" is a metaphor for people's verbal praise (many words of praise are engraved on tablets), and this idiom is a compliment idiom for everyone's praise. The author should never use this idiom when criticizing the poor service quality of hotels. If it is used for irony, it needs to be marked in quotation marks.

exercise:

judge whether the idioms in the following sentences are used correctly and explain the reasons.

3. Since China promulgated and implemented the laws and regulations on foreign investment, many foreign businessmen are eager to make a move and have come to China to invest.

4. In order to save the dying factory, the newly appointed factory leader actively carried out market research and paid close attention to product quality and development, which is really deliberate.

5. These young scientists are determined to overcome many difficulties and explore the mysteries of nature with all-out courage.

6. Tan Sitong was the initiator who shed blood for political reform. In contrast, Kang Liang and his wife were less heroic.

7. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the story "Burning Red Cliff" vividly depicts the image of Jiang Gan, a pedantic scholar with no knowledge and no talent.

8. (The Story of Spring) The lyrics are beautiful and loved by the masses, which is really worthy of the spring snow.

Reference answer:

3. Ready to move: Southern Dynasties Song Liu Jingshu's "Different Garden Jurong Water Vein": "Dig a black object, with no beginning or end, shaped like hundreds of huts, tens of feet long, ready to move." Stupid: The way a reptile crawls. Later, it was used to describe the enemy planning an attack or the bad guys preparing for sabotage. With derogatory connotations. The original sentence of foreign investment in China has no derogatory context, so it is wrong.

4. Deliberately: "Gu Liang Zhuan Yin A.D.": "What is Zheng Bo? Even Zheng Bo's place is deliberate in killing. " Heart: intentional; Deliberate: Plot for a long time. Later, it was used to describe a long-planned plan. Contain derogatory meanings. There is no derogatory context for leaders to pay close attention to quality So I used it wrong.

5. Do whatever it takes: Jin Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi and Zhang Wen: "Slap his treacherous heart and do whatever it takes." Do for. Later, it was used to refer to anything that was not done, that is, everything was done. Contain derogatory meanings. In the original sentence, scientists overcome difficulties and explore mysteries, which is commendable, so it is wrong.

6. Initiator: Mencius Liang Hui Wang Shang by Meng Ke in the pre-Qin period: "Initiator, there is no future!" Originally, it meant people who began to be buried with figurines. Later, it was used to describe the initiator of a bad thing or bad atmosphere. Contain derogatory meanings. The original sentence contains praise, so the idiom is used wrongly.

7. Having no talent in mind: Biography of Fu Yaoyu in Song Dynasty: "Yao Yu is heavy and silent, and people can't bear to be bullied if they don't have talent in meeting people." Describe being frank and not hiding anything. With praise.

8. Yangchun Baixue: A Question to the King of Chu by Chu Song Yu in the Warring States Period: "It is yang a and Qiulu, and there are hundreds of people who belong to the middle school, and it is Yangchun and Baixue, but only dozens of people belong to the middle school." Originally refers to a relatively difficult song of Chu State in the Warring States Period. Metaphor is profound and unfashionable literature and art. With derogatory connotations.

third, I don't know the light or heavy type

This type of idiom misuse is mainly manifested in the degree of misused idioms in the original sentence. That is to say, we should use a light degree but a heavy one. It should be heavy, but it is light. For example,

Before Case 9, every candidate should be fully prepared for review, otherwise, if anything happens in the examination room, it will affect the normal level.

"Three long and two short" comes from Ming Luo Guanzhong's "Three Sui Ping Yao Biography": "After ten thousand, there will be three long and two short, and you can't survive by treating too much." It refers to unexpected disasters or accidents, especially death, which is very serious. However, in the original sentence, if students don't do a good job in reviewing, they will play abnormally in the exam, not to mention "disasters or accidents", not to mention "death". Therefore, the word "three long and two short" is not easily used in the original sentence.

Case 11 Teacher Li is a head teacher and a class leader, and she is also a math teacher in three classes. She is really busy.

"I am busy with everything" comes from the second volume of Ming Yu Jideng's Tales of Allusions: "I am busy with everything, and I dare not escape from it. If I sincerely think that the great cause of the world is difficult, I must guard it with difficulty." Reason: handling; Wanji: complicated government affairs. There are thousands of things to deal with in a day, which describes the busyness of politicians in dealing with government affairs every day, and also refers to the busyness of senior leaders. In the original sentence, the math teacher who is also the head teacher and the head of the grade is very tired, but it is obvious that the meaning of the word is inappropriate to describe it as "busy".

In the Liaoshen Campaign, our army beat the enemy's head and fled in confusion.

The "broken head" comes from Tang Lu Daosheng's Book of Destiny and Huan Chen Fan: "If he steals 2,111 and goes to Xuzhou, his maid and husband will be broken." It generally refers to the tragic situation of being beaten in a fight. The original sentence described the defeat of the enemy in the world-famous "Liaoshen Campaign" with "head broken", which was not obvious enough. It can be changed to "lose one's helmet and remove one's armor" or "be in flight" or "be completely defeated"

exercise:

judge whether the idioms in the following sentences are used correctly and explain the reasons.

9. If you cover up your shortcomings, it is tantamount to quenching thirst by drinking poison.

11. Several criminals arrested for robbery and murder were brought to justice today. People think that they really deserve it.

Reference answer:

9. Drink poison to quench thirst: In the Southern Dynasties, Song Fan Ye's "Biography of the Later Han Dynasty": "For example, I still treat hunger in aconite, and quench thirst in poison, which has not entered the stomach and throat." It is said that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Song Guang, the county governor, was upright and handled the case impartially, which offended the royalty and was framed and imprisoned. His nephew Huo Ao decided to avenge his uncle, and wrote in his defense letter: "Song Guang will not risk his life to tamper with the imperial edict, which is tantamount to drinking poison to quench his thirst." General Liang Shang took a fancy to Huo Qiao's talent and knowledge and personally reported to the emperor to save Song Guang. Zhenniao: Poisonous wine. Metaphor only solves the immediate difficulties and ignores the serious consequences. The original text equates covering up shortcomings with "drinking poison to quench thirst". Obviously, idioms are overused.

11. Self-inflicted: The Collection of Dunhuang Variations: The Origin of Mulian: "Your mother had no kindness on the day she was born, and she always killed creatures, bullying the Three Treasures every day, and self-inflicted." It means that you have done something wrong and suffered bad results. In the original sentence, the author used to express people's views on the death penalty imposed on criminals, which is obviously too light. It can be changed to "deserve to die" or "deserve to die".

Fourth, stealing the beam to replace the column

The meaning expressed by this type of idiom is inconsistent with the content expressed in the original sentence. Such as: < P > Case 12: All kinds of flowers, competing for novelty and research; It is not an exaggeration to describe it as national beauty and fragrance.

① "The national color is beautiful", Tang Li Zhuo's "Miscellaneous Records of Songchuang": "I have heard that Li Zhengfeng, a Chinese calligrapher, praised many poems among officials and ministers, saying: It is beautiful to dye clothes at night, and the national color is full of wine." Originally, it refers to peony flowers with both color and fragrance, and is not used for "all kinds of flowers".

Example ② The folk song says, "Jia is true, and Bai Yu is a golden horse for the hall." It serves to show that there are so many treasures in Jia's house that it has reached the point where it is full of money.

The pine of Huangshan Mountain, the landscape of Guilin, is really wonderful.

correct-

② "a lot of books". Don't refer to anything like jade.

in ③, "wonderful workmanship" means "exquisite labor is better than nature". And "the pine of Huangshan Mountain in Guilin" is natural in itself, and it is not among the "artificial".

Case 7: The China men's gymnastics team won the championship in the world championship.

Fang, one of the meanings in Modern Chinese Dictionary is: honorific, which is used for the other party or things related to the other party, and refers to women when referring to people. Such as "Fang age (referring to a woman's age, generally used for young women)", "Fang name (referring to a woman's name, generally used for young women)" and "Heart (referring to a young woman's heart)". It can be seen that "technical superiority over others of the same sex" can only be used to mean that women's skills surpass others of the same sex, and cannot be used to praise the men's gymnastics team. The author believes that it can be changed to "defeat the crowd (male: here refers to men)".

Case 8: It's strange that my Chinese book has disappeared. Will it spread like wildfire?

"Spread like wildfire": you can run without legs. Describe the rapid spread (shin: calf) (Modern Chinese Dictionary). ), it can be seen that its object of use is "news, news, events", etc., and it cannot be used to refer to items. This idiom can be changed to "fly without wings". Metaphor things suddenly disappeared)

case 9: director Zhang's words played a role in attracting jade, which led to many good suggestions on product quality.

"Throw a brick to attract jade": a modest speech, which is a metaphor for eliciting other people's brilliant and mature opinions with superficial and immature opinions (see Modern Chinese Dictionary). It can be seen that this idiom can only be said or written by the speaker or writer himself, and it is impolite for a third party to call other people's speeches or articles "to attract jade". The author's intention in using this idiom in the above example is to praise the speech of director Zhang, but it confuses modesty and respect.