(a) the selection of water supply pipe
Traditional water supply pipe is generally used galvanized steel pipe, galvanized steel pipe is easy to corrode, the use of short service life, for the delivery of water for domestic use can not meet the water hygiene standards and other shortcomings of the Ministry of Construction is vigorously promoting the application of plastic water supply pipe. Many cities have expressly provided: prohibit the design and use of galvanized steel pipe, promote the use of plastic water pipes. Plastic water supply pipe compared with metal pipes, has a light weight, good compressive strength, conveying liquid resistance is small, strong chemical corrosion resistance, easy to install, energy saving steel, long service life and other advantages. Plastic pipes for water supply mainly include: rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), modified polypropylene (PP-R, PP-C), polybutylene (PB), aluminum-plastic composite pipe (PE-AL-PE, PEX-AL-PEX) and steel-plastic composite pipe. The following table is a comparison of the performance of several building water supply pipe materials.
Pipe performance advantages and disadvantages of long-term use of temperature short-term use of temperature hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC-U) corrosion resistance, hard texture, easy construction with UPVC monomer and additives exudate, pipe joints bonding technology requires high curing time is long ≤ 400C - modified polypropylene (EN-US) (PP-R, PP-C) good temperature resistance, good creep resistance, easy construction only with metal fittings connection; water flow local head loss is large, can not be recycled and reused 900C950C aluminum-plastic composite pipe (PEX-AL-PEX) temperature resistance, good thermal insulation performance (EN-US) in the same pressure and medium temperature conditions, the thickest pipe wall, the use of heat fusion connection, the need to use a specialized Connection tools ≤ 600C ≤ 900C aluminum-plastic composite pipe (PE-AL-PE) easy to bend and shape, complete firefighting oxygen penetration, coefficient of linear expansion is small, easy to construct the pipe wall thickness is not uniform, the pipeline connection with copper fittings, water flow local head loss ≤ 400C - Note:
1) the long-term use of temperature Means that the service life of the pipe in this temperature range of 30 to 50 years
2) short-term use of temperature means that the pipe in this temperature range of service life of 10 to 20 years
The choice of pipe is a comparative process of economic and technical, technically, should be considered from the pressure, temperature, use of the environment, the installation method, etc., and at the same time, combined with the owner's requirements and the grade of the residence, economic and technical considerations determined after a comprehensive consideration. Determined after comprehensive consideration of technology. All the above plastic water supply pipe materials can be used as residential life water supply pipe materials. Affordable housing and relief housing mainly facing the majority of low-income residents, can choose sanitary rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC-U) as a water supply pipe to reduce the cost; high-grade commercial housing can be used in aluminum-plastic composite pipe (PE-AL-PE, PEX-AL-PEX) or other plastic water supply pipe as a water supply pipe. Residential water distribution point of the hot water temperature does not exceed 600C, so the above pipe in addition to rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC-U) and aluminum-plastic composite pipe (PE-AL-PE), most of the pipe can be used as a residential hot water pipe.
(2) pipe laying
1. Drainage risers are generally laid in the following ways
1) installed in the kitchen, bathroom corners. In the past residential design is more often used in this way of laying, it is easy to construct, but the exposed pipeline is in the way of living room aesthetics, residents in the second renovation will be given most of the lightweight materials to hide up.
2) mounted on the outside wall of the building at the corner. This way only applies to the warmer weather in the south, the minimum temperature in winter shall not be below zero degrees Celsius, in order to prevent the water inside the water pipe freezing into ice, cracked pipes, affecting the use of households. Pipes laid in the outer wall, affecting the building aesthetics, but also does not facilitate future management and maintenance.
3) laid in the pipe well. This way to make the living room clean and beautiful, but the pipe well occupies the area of the bathroom, and pipeline construction, maintenance are more difficult. Bathroom set up a centralized pipeline well, the water supply pipe, drainpipe are concentrated in the pipeline well layout, which is a well-off residential kitchen, bathroom living civilization important embodiment. I believe that: in the high-grade commercial housing construction program design should be considered when the bathroom pipeline well set up, so that to improve the quality of use of the bathroom, but also to solve the problem of hard PVC drainage pipe water flow noise, improve the level of environmental quality of the living room; for the bathroom area of small affordable housing and relief housing, warmer areas in the south to the drainage riser can be considered to lay in the outer wall to increase the bathroom space; piping installed in the indoor surface; piping in the indoor open air and drainage pipe is an important manifestation of civilization. Use of space; pipeline installed indoors, should not affect the kitchen, bathroom sanitary equipment function of the use.
2. Water supply branch pipe laying
Residential water supply branch pipe diameter a service de ≤ 32mm, small diameter plastic water pipe, was curved, so the residential water supply branch pipe to mention the use of dark. Water supply branch pipe concealed way:
1) concealed in the brick wall. Construction in the brick wall surface pipe groove, pipe groove width for the outer diameter of the pipe de 20mm, the depth of the outer diameter of the pipe de, the pipe is directly embedded in the pipe groove, and use the pipe card will be fixed in the pipe groove.
2) for small diameter water supply branch pipe de ≤ 20mm, can be secretly located in the floor (floor) surface leveling layer. Construction in the floor (floor) on the surface of the pipe groove, groove width de 10mm, depth of 1/2de, pipe half embedded in the pipe groove, and use the pipe card to fix the pipe in the pipe groove. Aluminum-plastic composite pipe and cross-linked polypropylene pipe and other pipes connected with metal fittings, the use of concealed shall increase the size of the pipe groove, and the water flow local head loss is greater. For the kitchen, bathroom sanitary appliances arranged in a relatively centralized residence, can be connected using a water distributor, water distributor is a multi-branch fittings, sanitary appliances for water supply branch pipe from the water distributor. This can avoid the buried pipe joints infiltration problems. And can reduce the local head loss, reduce the cost of the network.
3) Drainage branch laying
Residential indoor drainage pipe should be located in the set of indoor drainage pipe, so that the drainage pipe infiltration can be avoided sewage and other pollutants into the neighboring households, pipeline repairs will not affect the normal life of the neighboring households.
The kitchen washing basin drainage cross branch pipe is generally in the floor surface access to the drainage riser; floor drain drainage branch pipe shall be laid in the lower space. Now many counterparts believe that: the kitchen floor are paved with tiles, clean the floor in the time not to use water to flush, set the floor drain is not significant, so the kitchen may not be set up floor drain, so as to avoid the drainage of the horizontal branch pipe into the neighboring households, but also increase the use of space in the kitchen. Drainage cross branch pipe in the bathroom in this layer of laying specific measures:
1) raise the bathroom floor. Ground potential height of 150mm, the use of back row toilet, washbasin, bathtub and floor drain drainage pipe buried in the mat.
2) the use of sunken bathroom. Bathroom floor surface sinking 350mm, sanitary ware drainage cross-pipe buried in the sunken space.
These two practices can realize the bathroom drainage cross branch pipe buried in the floor of the floor without entering the neighboring households. Buried pipeline installation, construction quality must be strictly control, acceptance of qualified only after the construction of the bathroom floor, so as not to leave hidden dangers in the future use. Bathroom floor construction can be filled with lightweight materials such as coal ash, can also be used to lay bricks overhead paving slab construction floor, the ground must be done waterproofing, practices can be referred to the roof waterproofing, such as two oil a cloth rubber-plastic plaster waterproofing.
(C) the water meter outdoor setup
Water meter is located in the household, not only the workload of reading the meter is very large, but also make the security and privacy of the residence is greatly reduced. Therefore, the residential water meter or household water meter digital display should be located outdoors. Multi-storey residential water meter outdoor settings in the following forms:
1. The use of remote water meter
The ordinary water meter into a remote water meter, a signal line connecting the water meter and the data collection machine, and then transmitted to the intelligent management (microcomputer). Its advantage is to save a lot of manpower to read the meter, accurate data, the disadvantage is the high cost.
2. Magnetic card water meter
Users buy the water company's electronic card in advance, and then insert it into the water meter's memory, the amount of money on the card is automatically deducted when using water, this way users need to prepay for water, the water meter price is higher.
3. The use of ordinary water meter located in the outdoor
1) water meter located in the niche of the staircase rest platform. Household water supply branch pipe through the water meter measurement into the kitchen and bathroom. This way of realizing the water meter out of the room set up, the engineering equivalent of low, but the water supply riser and water meter is located in the staircase affects the aesthetics. It applies to the southern warmer areas of the kitchen, bathroom layout near the stairwell location of the residence.
2) water meter centrally located in the water meter room (water meter box). Downstream to the water supply, in the ground floor of the water meter room (water meter box), each floor of the household water supply pipe laid in the pipe well, the southern region can also be laid in the corner of the building along the outside wall; upstream to the water supply, can be set up on the roof of the water meter room (water meter box). This way to increase the length of water supply pipe laying, pipe laying along the outer wall affects the building aesthetics. Water meter out of the arrangement of the way to choose, must be combined with residential kitchen, bathroom layout features and specific requirements of the developer, the feasibility of the above options for economic and technical comparisons to determine.
Perfect property management of residential areas of medium- and high-grade commercial housing, remote water meter can be used, which is the future direction of development of water meter applications; property management is not perfect residential areas of medium- and high-grade commercial housing, can be used in the magnetic card-type water meter (in the water company can be designed for this kind of business in the region) or centralized setting of the water meter room (box); the southern region of the unit-type housing can be used for ordinary water meter is located in the staircase of the platform to reduce the cost of the rest. to reduce the cost of construction.
(D) domestic hot water heater set up
Residential design should be reserved for the installation of hot water supply facilities, or set up hot water supply facilities. So there is no centralized hot water supply in the residence, should consider the installation location of domestic water heaters and hot and cold water piping arrangement. Domestic water heaters generally have gas, electricity, solar energy and other three kinds. Gas water heaters and electric water heaters are generally installed in the kitchen or bathroom, in the building drainage design should be reserved for the installation of water heaters and hot and cold water piping interfaces, to facilitate the user to install their own decoration. Solar water heater is easy to use and safe, no fuel and electricity, low operating costs, long service life, pollution-free, very popular with the majority of users, in recent years there are many residential areas in the design and construction of all installed on the solar water heater.
Solar water heaters are generally installed on the roof, so you need to set up between the bathroom and the roof water heater hot and cold water piping, residential design, if you do not take into account the installation of solar water heaters, the future installation of households can only be hot and cold piping along the outside wall of the building, which increases the difficulty of installation of households, increase the investment in piping, but also affects the aesthetics of the building. Therefore, in the building drainage design need to consult the developer's opinion, whether the unified design, unified construction of solar water heaters; or only reserved for the installation of solar water heaters and hot and cold water piping location. Solar water heater hot and cold water pipes can be laid in the pipe wells; not set up pipe wells in the residence, can be in the bathroom near the corner of the wall of the bath an additional de110 UPVC drain pipe as a solar water heater hot water piping casing, in each household sanitation distance from the ground at 1m to set up a de110 × 75 tee, as a hot and cold water pipe inlet.
(E) air-conditioning condensate discharge
In recent years, air conditioning gradually into thousands of households, air-conditioning condensate discharges pollution of the building facade, has been an important issue affecting the aesthetics of the living area. Building drainage design should be considered when the air conditioning condensate discharge organization. Specific practices can be set up next to the location of the reserved air conditioning unit condensate drain, drainage riser selection of PVC-U drain de40, in each layer of air conditioning machine height reserved drainage tee to facilitate the air conditioning machine drainage hose direct access.
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