2. Reasons for garbage classification:
1) Economic aspect: Garbage classification can turn recyclable garbage into treasure and become a new resource that can be reused. For example, the cans we drink are recyclable garbage, and one ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, which can save 20 tons of aluminum ore.
2) Land occupation: Garbage classification is conducive to reducing the consumption of land resources. Some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage sorting, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 60%.
3) Environmental pollution: littering will cause insects and flies to fly around, and sewage will overflow with stench. Some garbage contains toxic substances such as heavy metals, which seriously pollutes the environment. Reasonable garbage sorting and collection can reduce the amount of garbage treatment. For example:
Waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human beings, so recycling can reduce the harm.
3. How to classify garbage:
1) First of all, we should know what is recyclable and what is not.
Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth. Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, etc. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water soluble to be recycled. Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on. Metal objects: mainly including cans, cans, etc. Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc. Kitchen waste includes food waste, such as leftovers, bones, roots, leaves and peels, which are composted in situ by biotechnology. Comprehensive treatment and recycling can reduce pollution and save resources.
2) Matters needing attention when throwing garbage:
(1) Before the garbage is classified and put in, the paper should be stacked neatly as far as possible to avoid rubbing;
(2) After the products in the containers are cleaned and put into use, they should be used up as much as possible;
(3) The kitchen waste should be bagged and sealed.
(4) Glass articles should be handled with care to avoid damage.
⑤ Pay attention to cover the trash can after it is put into use, so as to avoid garbage polluting the surrounding environment and breeding mosquitoes and flies.
Question 2: How do you think garbage should be sorted? Judging from the classification methods of municipal solid waste at home and abroad, it is generally classified according to the composition and output of garbage, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage. For example, Germany is generally divided into paper, glass, metal, plastic and so on. Australia, generally divided into
Garbage, recyclable garbage, non-recyclable garbage; Japan is generally divided into combustible garbage, nonflammable garbage, and so on.
At present, domestic garbage in China can be roughly divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and landfill.
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1. Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth. Waste paper: mainly includes newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, office paper, advertising paper, cartons and so on. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water soluble to be recycled. Plastics: mainly include all kinds of plastic bags, plastic packaging materials, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, etc. Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on. Metal objects: mainly include cans, cans, toothpaste skins, etc. Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc.
Comprehensive treatment and recycling can reduce pollution and save resources. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.
2. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots and leaves, which are treated locally by biotechnology.
, can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer per ton.
3. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment.
4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Question 3: How to classify garbage? Generally speaking, garbage can be divided into three categories: usable garbage, unusable garbage and unusable garbage.
Recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth.
Waste paper mainly includes newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, cartons, etc., but it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water-soluble to be recycled.
Plastics mainly include all kinds of plastic bags, plastic packaging materials, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles and so on.
Glass mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles and so on.
Metal objects mainly include cans, cans, toothpaste skins and so on.
Cloth mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc.
For garbage sorting, you can prepare two garbage baskets and two cartons at home. Put a garbage basket in the kitchen to put useless garbage; One is used to store all kinds of plastics; Including plastic bags, various plastic bottles, vials, etc. When it is full, don't put it in the big trash can outside when you go out. It is recommended to put it in a sortable trash can.
Question 4: How to do a good job in garbage sorting? Garbage classification is the necessary way of resource utilization and the premise and guarantee of harmless treatment.
Garbage classification has been carried out for many years, and it is still popular to distinguish between "recyclable" and "non-recyclable", "dry garbage" and "wet garbage" and "toxic harmful waste". Because of the little effect, it boils down to the people's lack of consciousness and the low quality of China people. In fact, this is a prejudice. The root cause of the problem is that the purpose, principles and methods of garbage classification by the competent authorities are very vague and ambiguous, lacking interfaces and unclear ideas, resulting in lack of operability.
The purpose of garbage classification is to realize the recycling and harmlessness of treatment. The principle of classification is: the requirements of subsequent processing are classified as subsequent processing services. The classification method is: the post-processing method determines the classification category, and different processing methods have different classification requirements. Classification is useless without the above principles. This paper puts forward the following requirements and views on the classification of incineration: firstly, there should be no precursor substances that can produce dioxins, heavy metal elements and mercury in garbage, including pesticides, drugs, pesticides, herbicides, preservatives and solvents, dry batteries, electronic components, fluorescent lamps, mercury thermometers and some chemical raw materials in building decoration products. These substances have a certain form, which requires people to open them separately and collect them separately. Mixing is strictly prohibited. According to the current incineration technology, almost all other domestic wastes can be mixed, collected, transported and incinerated. Even if there is no complete process route and complex incinerator, it can be predicted that the emission of secondary pollutants will be reduced, and even zero emissions can be achieved. This is the function of garbage sorting.
Question 5: Why should garbage be classified? How to classify garbage? Reasons for implementing garbage sorting
Most of the garbage disposal methods still stay in the traditional stacking and landfill mode, covering tens of thousands of acres; Moreover, insects and flies fly around, sewage overflows and stinks, which seriously pollutes the environment. Therefore, classified collection of garbage can reduce the quantity and equipment of garbage disposal, reduce the disposal cost and reduce the consumption of land resources, which has social, economic and ecological benefits. ? The advantages of garbage sorting treatment are as follows:
1, reducing land occupation: some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, which makes the land seriously eroded. Garbage classification, removing recyclable and non-degradable substances, reducing the amount of garbage by more than 50%.
2. Reduce environmental pollution: waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to human body; Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. So recycling can reduce the harm. ?
3. Turning waste into treasure: China uses 4 billion plastic snack boxes and 500-700 million instant noodle bowls every year, and waste plastic accounts for 4-7% of domestic garbage. 1 ton of waste plastics can recover 600kg of diesel oil. Recycling 1500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down trees used to produce 1200 tons of paper. A ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks, and 20 tons of aluminum ore can be mined less. 30%-40% of the production waste can be recycled, so we should cherish this small-scale and large-scale resource. You can also use cans as pencil boxes, which is environmentally friendly and saves resources.
Domestic garbage can generally be divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.
Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Through comprehensive treatment and recycling, pollution can be reduced and resources can be saved. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 0.85 tons of paper can be made and 0.3 tons of wood can be saved, which can reduce pollution by 74% compared with the same amount of production; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves. After in-situ composting by biotechnology, 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries containing mercury, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, ceramics, muck and other wastes that are difficult to recycle except the above-mentioned wastes. Incineration or sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Question 6: How to do a good job in garbage sorting project? For public places, large sorting barrels need to be set up because of the wide area and dense population. Classified trash cans can be placed on the office floor, and each office can place a compartment for recyclable garbage and a compartment for non-recyclable garbage; As for kitchen waste and harmful waste, they can be collected by garbage bags and put in the classified garbage bins on each floor. Streets and roads can be placed next to bus stops with classified trash cans; In crowded places such as airports and stations, classified trash cans can be placed on road sections near areas with frequent human activities such as waiting rooms. Parks, squares, scenic spots and other leisure and entertainment places can set up some beautiful classified trash cans. The box can be made into the shapes of various plants and animals, and even some small flowers and plants can be planted on the garbage bin to decorate the environment while collecting garbage. Of course, after the sorting bucket is set, it is necessary for the cleaning staff to sort and collect the garbage regularly.
The community should establish a garbage classification and recycling network, improve the supporting facilities for garbage classification and recycling, and arrange cleaning personnel to collect garbage by classification. Set up classified garbage bins in the community, which can be placed in each building. Each dustbin can be divided into three boxes to collect recyclable garbage, kitchen waste and waste respectively. As there are relatively few harmful waste, harmful waste recycling bins can be set up in fixed areas of residential areas to recycle harmful waste such as used batteries and expired drugs.
Question 7: How to make everyone design an attractive environmentally-friendly trash can?
Question 8: How to make garbage sorting a good habit? The cultivation of good habits depends on persistence. Why insist? Because garbage sorting can protect the environment, it is mandatory in many developed countries abroad. Seriously, there is still room for improvement in China. So anyway, garbage sorting starts with me.
Question 9: Give some suggestions on how to improve garbage sorting. In the classified collection and treatment of garbage, different types of garbage have different treatment methods, which are briefly described as follows:
1) kitchen waste can be dehydrated and dried, and the treated dry matter is transported to feed processing plants as raw materials. See appendix 1 for the equipment cost and operation cost of different treatment scales (large and small).
2) Collect, classify and reuse recyclable garbage.
3) Hazardous wastes shall be transported to the solid waste treatment center for centralized treatment.
4) Other unrecoverable garbage will be transported to landfill or incineration site for treatment.
All the garbage will be transported from the community to a nearby transfer station and then to several garbage disposal centers. Obviously, in 1) and 2), after treatment, recovery and utilization, economic benefits are generated, while 3) and 4) only consume treatment costs and do not generate economic benefits.
The purpose of this research project is to contribute to the process of garbage classification in Shenzhen. Therefore, please use mathematical modeling method to do some research on the realization of garbage classification in Nanshan District of Shenzhen. The specific research objectives are:
1) Assuming that the scale and location of the existing garbage transfer station remain unchanged, the distribution design of large and small equipment (kitchen waste) is given, and the specific scheme of cleaning the route under the current transportation equipment conditions is given. In order to achieve the best economic benefits and environmental protection effects.
2) Assuming that the transfer station is allowed to be redesigned, please redesign it according to the goal of question 1).
Just for the convenience of inquiry, in the webpage pointed out in Appendix 2 of the topic, the relevant materials of all communities in Nanshan District of Shenzhen are given, as well as the existing garbage disposal data and the location of transfer stations. Other required information will be solved by yourself.