1. target
Every scene must have a scene target. In other words, no matter from which angle you start, there must be an action in this scene to make something happen. A policeman is asking a witness for information. What readers need to know is what the characters who provide narrative perspective want in this scene.
2. the opposite
What kind of person, place, event or environment prevents the character who provides narrative perspective from achieving his goal? As you can see, the opposing elements can be external (such as another character) or internal (such as the mental state and thinking mode of the character). Also, you can set up social opposition forces. Any group that wants to maintain the status quo can provide such an antithesis.
3. Results
Every scene must end somewhere. A scene usually has several endings: good, not so good, and very bad. As far as novels are concerned, whether the scene is obvious or hidden, the worse the ending of the scene, the better. Because people are worried when reading, hoping to see the protagonist they care about pass the test of suffering in the story. The more successful the protagonist is, the more assured they will be.
In most cases, when you design a scene, you should put the protagonist in a more unfavorable position after the scene is over. She didn't get the information she wanted. Unfortunately, she received some sad news. To make matters worse, she was knocked unconscious by a hammer. There are endless bad results for you to choose from. This does not mean that a scene cannot have a happy ending. Sometimes in order to leave some breathing space, some good things can happen. However, let these good things lead to bad things. Or indicate more trouble.
4. Accidents
There will be some unexpected things in the big scene. This can be a tortuous plot, a new character, a refreshing description, or even a conversation. Anything beyond readers' expectations is a good thing. So how can we find these unexpected treasures? You should brainstorm for five minutes before writing this scene. Write down the roles, goals and possible obstacles that provide a narrative perspective in this scene. Write-preliminary results.
Take a few minutes to list a series of unexpected things. Write as much as you want. There will always be one thing that will satisfy you. By this time, you can start writing. Then start writing!