China's first youth employment survey report was released recently. This survey was jointly conducted by all-china youth federation and the Labor Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Survey * * * Select 7000 youth samples and 220 enterprise samples. Respondents were 65438+ young people aged from 05 to 29 and their employers. Yesterday, when interviewing Zhang Libin, the main person in charge of this survey and an associate researcher of the Institute of Labor Science, the reporter learned that the youth unemployment rate is 9%, which is higher than the social average. Government departments and state-owned enterprises are the first choice for youth employment, and most of the unemployed youth are long-term unemployed. The youth unemployment rate is higher than the social average.
This survey shows that the overall unemployment rate of young people aged 5 to 29 in China1is 9%, which is higher than the current social average unemployment rate of 6. 1% in China. Zhang Libin said: "Worldwide, the youth unemployment rate is generally higher than the average social unemployment rate. Therefore, youth employment has also become an important issue in society. "
Why is the youth unemployment rate so high? According to the report, China's huge labor force has brought great pressure on employment. China's new labor force is around 20 million every year. Due to the limited educational ability, the number of new workers who need employment every year ranges from100000 to160000. Due to lack of work experience, young people are not competitive in the labor market. In the case of oversupply in the labor market, the problem of youth employment is becoming more and more prominent, which is manifested in the above-average unemployment rate. Employment before the age of 22, 15% unemployed first.
According to the survey, 80% of young people entered the labor market for the first time between the ages of 17 and 23, and another 13% entered the labor market before 16. Only 2% of young people enter the labor market after the age of 26.
It is worth noting that among the young people who enter the labor market before the age of 22, some people have to go through the process of unemployment first, which is about15%; However, young people who enter the labor market after that rarely experience unemployment from the beginning.
Zhang Libin said that the main reason is that young people before the age of 22 lack employment experience and employment channels. 72% of unemployed youth have been unemployed for a long time.
The long-term unemployed who have been unemployed for more than one year account for 72%. When the unemployed are looking for a job, more than 60% of the unemployed young people think that the biggest difficulty is low education. However, only about 65,438+03% of the workers received study and training during unemployment, and most of them just stayed at home, looking for jobs or doing some housework.
Among the unemployed youth, the youth with vocational secondary school education (37%) and junior high school education (30%) have the highest proportion, the proportion of high school and junior college students is 13%, and the proportion of college students is 5%. In fact, the unemployment rate of young people with vocational secondary school, junior high school and senior high school education is higher than the average unemployment level of young people with various education levels. Institutions and state-owned enterprises willing to work become the first choice for employment.
Working in government departments, state-owned enterprises or their own enterprises is the employment ideal of most young people in China. 2 1% and 22% of the young people interviewed think that the ideal work units are government departments and state-owned enterprises, and 20% of the young people want to start their own businesses. Some young people also want to work in private enterprises and multinational companies. As far as entrepreneurial desire is concerned, young men are stronger than young women, and the older they are, the stronger their entrepreneurial will is.
The ideal units of rural youth are mainly self-employed, state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, government departments and multinational companies; The ideal units of urban youth are government departments, state-owned enterprises, entrepreneurs, multinational companies and private enterprises in turn. About 10% of young people are not sure about their ideal work unit. The lower the education level, the higher the uncertainty. There are still some young people who don't want to find a job, mainly with junior high school education or below. Computers and finance are the most popular.
China youth's favorite industries mainly focus on information transmission, computer services, software industry and financial industry. Traditional manufacturing and service industries represented by manufacturing, wholesale and retail, and public management are the second ideal industries for young people. Accommodation and catering, health, social security, welfare and other industries have become industries that few young people choose.
Generally speaking, 70% of the youth employment is concentrated in the lower service industries in manufacturing and tertiary industry, as well as individual emerging industries, such as wholesale and retail (15%), resident service (10%), information transmission computer services and software (8%), transportation, accommodation and catering.
When analyzing the reasons, Zhang Libin said that on the one hand, these industries have a large total demand for labor, on the other hand, most young people themselves lack the ability to enter other industries; In addition, the total demand for labor in most other industries is small, and the competition for high-quality labor is fierce. Most of the labor force is unwilling to "flow downward" and transfer to other industries, thus forming an "industry lock-in" for youth employment. Rural youth are mainly concentrated in the manufacturing industry, while urban youth are mainly concentrated in the tertiary industry. 40% of employed young people don't want to change jobs.
Most people are satisfied with their present jobs. There are 40% employed young people who don't want to change jobs. In addition, nearly 30% of employed young people may not necessarily change jobs or intend to change jobs. Moreover, the satisfaction of rural youth is higher than that of urban youth.
Among the employed young people who want to change jobs, 63% want to raise their salary, 16% want to have better career expectations, and 9% want to get better working conditions or stable jobs. 85% rural youth want to change jobs to improve their income and working conditions, while only 69% urban youth want to change jobs. Urban youth are more concerned about their future career development than rural youth. Working conditions: 9.6 hours per day on average.
What is the working situation of employed youth? The survey shows that the quality of youth employment is relatively low. Most young people have insecure jobs, unstable jobs, long working hours and low wages, and rely on "young people begging for food". This is especially true for young people and rural youth.
Generally speaking, 38% of the employed youth have no labor contract, 20% have signed a temporary contract within 1 year, and 36% have signed a fixed-term contract of 1 to 3 years.
The average working time of employed youth is 48 hours per week, and the average working time per day is 9.6 hours, based on 5 days per week. More than one-third of employees work more than 50 hours a week. However, the average weekly working time of young people aged 15 to 19 and rural youth is 53 hours. 90% of young people have no part-time jobs.
60% of the employed youth have an average monthly income of 600 to 1500 yuan, and less than 30% have an average monthly income below 600 yuan. More than half of the employed youth have not received any form of training. Job Evaluation Employers believe that young people's writing ability is low.
The survey also includes interviews with employers. Employers generally believe that there are very few young employees with strong writing ability, wide knowledge and strong applied knowledge. To sum up, there are still certain requirements for the knowledge level of young people.
According to the survey, 46.7% of young people think that to find decent jobs, they need at least a bachelor's degree, 28% think they need a junior college degree, and 14.2% think they need a secondary vocational education degree.
Zhang Libin believes that the labor market has put forward higher requirements for young people's academic qualifications and skills, and young people generally feel that their academic qualifications are low. Economic factors and insufficient supply of educational resources are the main factors affecting the education level of young people, and most young people do not intend to continue their studies.