Take the cicada written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, as an example. This poem first describes the cicada's situation, then jumps directly to his own experience and expresses his feelings directly, and finally returns to the cicada naturally, with harmonious beginning and end and coherent meaning. The whole poem begins with cicada and ends with cicada, which is well organized. The description of cicada and the poet's affection are skillfully expressed together and integrated into one, which is a masterpiece of supporting things and chanting things. Poets express their noble character by drinking cicadas and dew, which is a typical example of praising people with things.

original work

cicada

The pure heart is hungry because of this, and you sing in vain all night.

Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! .

Yes, I am like a driftwood. I have made my garden full of weeds.

I thank you for your sincere advice and live a pure life like you.

Translation:

It's hard to eat when you live on a high branch, and it's useless to cry and hate.

After the fifth watch, the sparse sound was almost cut off, and the trees remained green.

The official position is as humble as a peach stalk, and the home has been abandoned for a long time, and the weeds have long grown flat.

Thank you for calling me up. I am as poor as a church mouse.

Extended data:

"A pure heart is hungry because of this, and you sing in vain all night." The first couplet begins with cicada's living habits. "Tall" is a metaphor for a person's height with cicada-singing towering trees; Cicada's "difficulty in satiating" coincides with the author's life experience. From "not full" to "sound", there is "hate" in sorrow. But this kind of singing failure is futile and can't get rid of the predicament.

In other words, because the author is lofty, he lives in poverty. Although he confessed to powerful people and hoped to get their help, it was in vain in the end. This combination of the author's own feelings to chant things seems to distort the true colors of things, because cicadas have no "difficulty in satiating" and "hate".

What the author said seems untrue, but the truth of poetry is the truth of the author's feelings. The author does have this feeling. As long as the "height" and "sound" are consistent with cicada, the author can write his own unique feelings about "height" and "sound", which can be written as "far away" (Yu Shinan's "Chanting Cicada") or "pure heart and hunger", which is the same for two different authors.

Couplet "Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees!" " It further describes the cicada's singing. From Hate Fee, Oh, this last broken breath, among the green indifferent trees! It is used as a foil to push the frustrated feelings further and reach the climax of lyricism.

At the dawn of the fifth watch, cicadas are scattered and almost cut off, but the leaves of a tree are still so green, and they are not sad and haggard for its "sparse" and seem so heartless. Here, another feature of object-chanting poems is unreasonable and wonderful. The sparseness of cicadas has nothing to do with the green leaves, but the author blames the indifference of trees.

This seems unreasonable, but this irrationality shows the author's true feelings. I want to break up is not only about cicadas, but also about my own life experience. It is unreasonable to accuse the tree of ruthlessness. It is reasonable to blame the powerful for leaning against the shadows and being ruthless. Poetry about objects is mainly lyrical, so this irrationality becomes reasonable in lyricism.

The first pair of couplets and the second pair of couplets are called "the pen of chasing souls", but they are full of anger, but they are thought-provoking, intriguing and obvious in meaning. Writing cicadas is the poet's own life experience. At a glance, it is "too high to satisfy", "in vain", "about to break" and "heartless"

It is futile for cicadas to live on high places, and it is difficult to fill their wants. It just reflects the lofty status of the poet and the indifference and ignorance of the world.

"Yes, I walked like a driftwood, and my hometown was flat." Then the neckline changed the theme. Throw away the chanting and turn to yourself. This turning point broke the restriction of chanting cicadas and expanded the content of the poem. If it is limited to chanting cicadas, it is hard to say whether there is one. The poet linked the fate of cicada with his own misfortune, recalled his official career, and showed endless feelings.

Here, "the stem is still wide" is used to describe his wandering official life. This unstable life made him miss his hometown. "The countryside will destroy Hu Bugui", what's more, the weeds in the countryside and the wild in my hometown have become one, which makes the author homesick more urgently. The next sentence of this couplet is full of yearning for the homeland.

These two sentences seem to have nothing to do with the cicada singing above, but there is still a secret connection. "Bo Guan" is associated with "high is hard to find enough" and "hate to waste sound", so it is hard to get enough. After this turning point, the lyrical significance of chanting cicadas above is more clear.

Tail couplet "I wish your truth and live a pure life like you", thinking back on cicadas and writing them in anthropomorphic ways. "Jun" and "I" are opposites, and chanting and lyricism are closely combined, echoing from beginning to end. Cicada's difficulty in satiating corresponds to my poor family. The chirping of cicadas reminds me of this little official who is in a similar situation to cicadas, and the thought of "I have filled my garden with weeds" inevitably reminds me of returning home.

When commenting on this poem, Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The cicada is hungry and groans, and the tree is indifferent, and it is green (green explains the word" green "well). Trees are cruel to people ('I'), so they feel the same way. Cicada perched on the tree, but it was forgotten.

Cicadas don't sing for me, but I call them "mutual vigilance", which means cicadas are also "heartless" to me, and I have feelings for them. Complex and exquisite. Mr. Qian pointed out that not only trees are heartless, but cicadas are also heartless, which further explained the complicated relationship between chanting cicadas and lyricism.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Cicada (Poem by Li Shangyin in Tang Dynasty)