Fire risk and preventive measures of family fire
Fire is an indispensable part of people's lives. At present, some fires are being replaced by electricity, but the use of open flames still exists in large numbers, such as smoking, lighting, mosquito repellent and religious activities. Careless use of domestic fire can easily lead to fire, which will bring huge losses to urban and rural residents and affect people's normal life and social order. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen family fire management.
First, smoking.
(1) Fire risk
Burning cigarette butts can cause many substances to catch fire. Because the surface temperature of cigarette butts is 200~300℃ and the center temperature is 700~800℃, it is enough to ignite solid substances such as cotton, hemp and paper, and it can also cause the combustion of various combustion gases. Smoking is more dangerous under the following circumstances:
1. Smoking in places with evaporated combustible gas or combustible substances can make combustible gas explode and burn; Cigarette butts lost in combustible materials will make combustible materials burn.
2. Carelessness such as littering cigarette butts or looking for things with cigarettes are flammable and combustible.
3. Smoking in bed or after drinking, cigarette butts catch fire when they touch combustible materials.
(2) Fire prevention measures
1. Smoking is strictly prohibited in all non-smoking areas such as inflammable and explosive units and material warehouses.
2. Smoking is prohibited when repairing cars and cleaning mechanical parts. When smoking, go to a safe place, and don't bring it into the workplace when the cigarette ends are still on.
3. Correct bad smoking habits, such as don't smoke in bed or sofa, don't smoke at work and shopping, don't throw cigarette butts and unburned matchsticks, and don't throw lit cigarette butts.
It is forbidden to smoke outdoors or in the wild in windy days, and it is not allowed to bring matches, lighters and other kindling into the forest.
5. Formulate smoking fire prevention rules and regulations, and advocate and publicize quitting smoking.
Second, lighting.
(1) Fire risk
1. When electrical lighting, the surface temperature of lamps and lanterns is too high, the glass shell is unevenly heated, water droplets splash on the high-heat bulb and burst, and falling glass fragments or filaments will cause combustible materials to catch fire. Poor contact of lamp holder, loose lamp holder and glass shell, damaged circuit and loose connector may also cause fire.
2. Use an open flame for lighting. The open flame is too close to combustible materials, the oil lamp and candle are knocked over, the open flame refuels the oil lamp, the lighted candle is placed on combustible materials, and torches and pine branches are used to lead the way or find lost things. It is easy to ignite nearby combustibles. In addition, the grease outside the oil lamp will spread all over the lamp body after being ignited, which may cause combustion or explosion.
(2) Fire prevention measures
1. Lamps and lanterns with electric lighting should keep a safe distance from flammable materials, and lamps and lanterns should not be wrapped in paper or cloth. Lamps and lanterns and the ground should be higher than 2 meters, and flammable materials should not be piled up below. The wires used for lamps should be suitable, and high-power lamps should not be replaced at will, and wires and appliances should not be connected randomly. In places that are prone to collision, metal or other net covers should be installed for protection. Ballasts used in lamps and lanterns are not allowed to be directly installed on combustible components, and non-combustible material gaskets should be used.
2. When using naked light, don't get close to flammable materials. It is best to put it in a special "lamp niche" made of incombustible materials, and the candle base should be made of incombustible materials. When using an oil lamp, a glass cover must be added, and the grease on the lamp body and lampshade should be removed frequently. When you refuel the oil lamp, you must put it out first. We must strictly manage the ever-burning lamp.
Third, children play with fire.
(1) Fire risk
Children who like to play with fire are generally 5- 12 years old, which are mainly manifested in imitating adults to play "fake cooking" games, lighting matches under the bed or in other dark corners, imitating adults to smoke, roasting food by the stove, and burning waste paper and firewood at will; Playing with matches, lighters and liquefied gas stoves, lighting and heating outdoors, setting off fireworks and firecrackers near flammable materials, and lighting and playing in dangerous factories and warehouses are all easy to cause fires.
(2) Fire prevention measures
1. Parents should strengthen discipline for their children and make them aware of the danger of playing with fire. Keep matches, lighters, etc. Keep it out of children's reach, and don't let children turn on the gas stove (liquefied gas stove) at home. Children should be stopped from imitating adults to smoke, and children should not be allowed to play with fire beside firewood piles or in the wild. Children are not allowed to set off fireworks and firecrackers indoors, flammable buildings, woodpiles and other places, and are not allowed to play with gunpowder in firecrackers. When parents go out, they can't leave their children alone at home or locked indoors. They should be taken care of.
2. Kindergartens and schools should educate young children on fire prevention, teach them fire safety knowledge, and guide them to establish fire prevention concepts from an early age. You can also organize children to visit fire brigade performances and watch fire education films, so that fire education can be visualized and concrete.
3. The relevant departments and units in the society should also create conditions, especially in winter vacation, summer vacation and busy farming season, to organize children and carry out some beneficial activities to reduce the opportunities for children to play with fire.
2. What are the instructions for safe use of fire?
Fire safety knowledge:
1. Seven causes of fire:
(1) Careless use of fire: refers to people's careless thinking, or the fire control safety system is not perfect, not implemented, and their living habits are not good, causing fires.
(2) Gas fire: refers to the fire caused by violation of the safety regulations on the installation and use of electrical appliances, or aging of wires or overload of electricity.
(3) Illegal operation: refers to the fire caused by violation of safety operation regulations, such as welding.
(4) Arson: refers to the act of deliberately causing a fire.
(5) Smoking: refers to the act of throwing cigarette butts or lying in bed smoking to cause a fire.
(6) Playing with fire: refers to the fire caused by children, Alzheimer's disease or mentally retarded people playing with matches and lighters.
(7) Natural causes: such as lightning strike, earthquake, spontaneous combustion and static electricity.
In addition to the seven main fire causes mentioned above, there are many fires caused by unknown reasons and other reasons. Moreover, judging from the direct causes of fires in recent years, fires caused by unknown reasons are also increasing year by year.
2. How to prevent fire accidents: Fire is a natural phenomenon. Taming fire is a friend of human beings, which brings light and warmth to people and promotes the progress of human civilization and society. However, if the fire gets out of control and leads to a fire, it will cause great losses to people's lives and property. According to statistics, during the period of 1997, there were more than 40,000 fires in China, with more than 7,000 casualties, 8% of which were caused by children playing with fire. It can be seen that it is very important for students to understand and master some fire-fighting knowledge to reduce and prevent the occurrence of fires.
3. How to escape: The fire is ruthless. In case of fire, students should keep a clear head, race against time and leave quickly. If you are trapped in a fire, you should improvise and try to escape.
Precautions for safe evacuation in case of fire:
1. escape method:
(1) No matter where you are, first of all, you should be familiar with the surrounding environment (mainly the location of fire control facilities and safety exits). When a fire breaks out, you should immediately determine the location and direction of the fire and evacuate to the safety exit as soon as possible.
(2) In case of heavy smoke, simple protection must be done. Fold the towel three times and cover the nose and mouth with eight layers, which can filter out 60% of the toxic gases in the smoke and strive for 2-5 minutes to escape;
(3) If the fire has blocked the door, you should quickly return to the room, close the door, and cover the gap between doors and windows with towels, clothes, sheets, etc. And use water to cool the doors and windows, waiting for rescue;
(4) If the room is on fire, if there is no escape, you can quickly retreat to the balcony for help or tie it with a rope (sheets, clothes, etc.). ) and then slide down the rope. Never choose to jump off a building as a last resort. As it turns out, the possibility of jumping off a building above the third floor is very small.
2. Precautions:
(1) When evacuating, keep your body as close to the ground as possible and evacuate along the corner. Towels or clothes covering your mouth and nose should be soaked with water as much as possible (if there is no water source, beer, drinks, fish tanks, flower pots and even urine can be used);
(2) When calling for help, try to shake brightly colored and eye-catching clothes. When the body is on fire, immediately roll on the spot or cover it with a thick quilt, and don't beat it with your hands. When you have to jump off a building, throw down the cartons, quilts, sofa cushions, etc. Or take care of places with awnings, asbestos tiles, trees, grass, pools, etc. Don't forget to take an umbrella.
3. What are the instructions for safe use of fire?
Fire safety knowledge: Seven major causes of fire: (1) Careless use of fire: refers to people's careless thinking, or imperfect, unfulfilled fire safety system and bad living habits.
(2) Gas fire: refers to the fire caused by violation of the safety regulations on the installation and use of electrical appliances, or aging of wires or overload of electricity. (3) Illegal operation: refers to the fire caused by violation of safety operation regulations, such as welding.
(4) Arson: refers to the act of deliberately causing a fire. (5) Smoking: refers to the act of throwing cigarette butts or lying in bed smoking to cause a fire.
(6) Playing with fire: refers to the fire caused by children, Alzheimer's disease or mentally retarded people playing with matches and lighters. (7) Natural causes: such as lightning strike, earthquake, spontaneous combustion and static electricity.
In addition to the seven main fire causes mentioned above, there are many fires caused by unknown reasons and other reasons. Moreover, judging from the direct causes of fires in recent years, fires caused by unknown reasons are also increasing year by year.
How to prevent fire accidents: Fire is a natural phenomenon. Taming fire is a friend of human beings, which brings light and warmth to people and promotes the progress of human civilization and society.
However, if the fire gets out of control and leads to a fire, it will cause great losses to people's lives and property. According to statistics, during the period of 1997, there were more than 40,000 fires in China, with more than 7,000 casualties, 8% of which were caused by children playing with fire.
It can be seen that it is very important for students to understand and master some fire-fighting knowledge to reduce and prevent the occurrence of fires. How to escape: fire is ruthless. In case of fire, students should keep a clear head, race against time and leave quickly.
If you are trapped in a fire, you should improvise and try to escape. Precautions for safe evacuation in case of fire: escape method: (1) No matter where you are, you should first be familiar with the surrounding environment (mainly the location of fire-fighting facilities and safety exits). Once a fire breaks out, immediately determine the location and direction of the fire and evacuate to the safety exits quickly; (2) In case of heavy smoke, simple protection must be done. Fold the towel three times and cover the nose and mouth with eight layers, which can filter out 60% of the toxic gases in the smoke and strive for 2-5 minutes to escape; (3) If the fire has blocked the door, you should quickly return to the room, close the door, and cover the gap between doors and windows with towels, clothes, sheets, etc. And use water to cool the doors and windows, waiting for rescue; (4) If the room is on fire, you can quickly retreat to the balcony for help or tie it with a rope (sheets, clothes, etc.). Slide down the rope. You can't choose to jump off a building as a last resort. Facts have proved that the possibility of jumping off a building above the third floor is very small. Precautions: (1) Leave as close to the ground as possible and leave along the corner. Towels or clothes covering your nose and mouth should be soaked with water as much as possible (if there is no water source) (2) When calling for help, try to shake brightly colored and eye-catching clothes. When the body is on fire, immediately roll on the spot or cover it with a thick quilt, and don't beat it with your hands.
When you have to jump off a building, throw down the cartons, quilts, sofa cushions, etc. Or take care of places with awnings, asbestos tiles, trees, grass, pools, etc. Don't forget to take an umbrella.
4. Primary school fire safety knowledge (abbreviated)
1. Students are not allowed to play with fire or carry kindling with them: 1. No kindling such as matches or lighters; 2. Do not ignite at will, and do not use fire in inflammable and explosive articles; 3. It is not allowed to set off firecrackers in public places and throw lit firecrackers around.
Second, at the scene of the fire, minors such as primary school students should escape in an orderly manner: 1. If there is a refuge floor or evacuation stairs, you can enter the refuge floor first or evacuate to a safe place through the evacuation stairs. 2. If the floor is on fire, but the stairs have not been burnt out and the fire is not very fierce, you can put on a clothes soaked with water and rush down from the upstairs quickly.
3, multi-storey building fire, such as the stairs have been burned out, or the fire has been quite fierce, you can use the balcony, downspout or bamboo poles to escape. If all escape routes are cut off, you should retreat indoors and close the doors and windows.
If conditions permit, water can be poured on doors and windows to delay the spread of fire. At the same time, you can throw small things outdoors and send out a distress signal with a flashlight at night.
5, if life is seriously threatened, and there is no other way to save yourself, you can use rope or sheets to tear into strips and connect them, one end of which is tightly tied to a solid door and window lattice or other heavy objects, and then slide down along the rope or cloth. 6. If the above-mentioned self-rescue measures are taken unconditionally, and the time is tight and the threat of fireworks is serious, when you are forced to jump off a building, you can first throw some quilts and other things on the ground to increase the buffer, and then slide down with your hands on the windowsill to reduce the jumping height and ensure that your feet land first.
7. To carry forward the spirit of mutual assistance, first help the elderly, children and patients to evacuate. People with mobility difficulties can use quilts, blankets and other packages. , and hung down with a rope.
Third, the fire prevention of student dormitories. The fire safety of student dormitory should be ten (1). Do not pull the wire without permission; (2) Smoking and littering cigarette butts are not allowed in bed; (3) It is forbidden to occupy or block evacuation passages; (4) Don't burn sundries in the building; (5) Don't bring inflammable and explosive articles into the house; (6) Electric heating equipment such as "quick heating" is not allowed; (7) It is forbidden to use open flame appliances such as alcohol stoves; (8) Do not change the power supply equipment without authorization (9) Do not leave the dormitory without turning off the power supply; (10) Don't damage fire extinguishers and fire-fighting facilities.
5. Twelve common sense of safety and fire prevention
Twelve common sense of safety and fire prevention
One: smoking in bed is the most dangerous, and articles are basically flammable. Cigarette butts fall on the bedding, and smoke first without an open flame.
Second: multi-purpose sockets are of great use, and they are afraid that they will not be used all at once. Too much load is easy to catch fire, and you are only afraid of causing harm.
Third: the electric fan is turned on in hot weather, just to cool down and turn around day and night. The motor burned out and connected with electricity, which laid a great hidden danger artificially.
Four: Don't be careless when cutting off the power supply. If you are sleepy, you will forget. Candle wax oil ignites fire, and wealth destroys people and hurts the sky.
Five: the rice cooker heats up quickly, and the electrical users are not there. The short circuit between water and dry caused a fire, and all the neighbors suffered.
Six: the high-voltage line under the iron tree is easy to conduct electricity in thunderstorm weather. It is common sense to stay away from rain, and it is safe to avoid electric shock.
Seven: no fireworks in cotton, oil and gas paper mill. It is everyone's responsibility to plan ahead, and 108,000 townships are peaceful.
Eight points: the fireworks are gray and black, and the impact friction shows great power. If you act rashly in violation of regulations, you will be blown up.
Nine: the operator should pay attention to the grinding wheel cutting electric welding machine. A spark can start a prairie fire, so be vigilant and don't be careless.
Ten: the steam boiler is powerful, and it will explode if the air pressure exceeds the standard. In the case of cold treatment, open the gate to reduce the air pressure in the pile.
Eleven: electric fire is forbidden to be hit by water, and people who can conduct water can hit it. If the power supply is too late, the electric shock operation is professional.
Twelve: The hidden danger of thinking is paralysis, and nothing happens. A small fire leads to great disaster, and it is too late to cry in prison.
I hope I can help you!
6. Fire safety knowledge
There are many measures to prevent fire. Students should first start with small things in daily life: (l) Don't play with fire.
Some students are curious about fire and often play games with fire behind their parents' backs and teachers' backs, which is very dangerous. When playing with fire, once the fire spreads or leaves unfinished fire, it is easy to cause fire.
(2) Do not smoke. Smoking is harmful to health and easy to cause fire. We must abide by the student code and school rules and regulations and resolutely put an end to smoking.
(3) Take good care of fire control facilities. In order to prevent fire and fire accidents, fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, fire sandboxes and other fire-fighting facilities have been set up in residential buildings and public places, and safe passages for evacuation have been left in case of fire. We should consciously care for fire control facilities and ensure the smooth passage of safety.
2. How to pay attention to fire prevention at home? Family fires are often caused by careless use of fire and improper use of electrical appliances. Students should pay attention to: (l) Use a stove for heating. The stove should be placed at a safe distance from flammable wooden furniture. In the countryside, they should stay away from firewood. (2) Someone should watch the clothes drying, and people can't leave for a long time.
(3) Don't store flammable items near the fire. (4) When making a fire, don't use kerosene or gasoline to support combustion, so as to avoid a violent fire.
(5) Take out unburned ashes and cinders and pour them in a safe place to prevent other objects from burning and catching fire. (6) Use household appliances that meet safety requirements, and don't disassemble them at will, so as not to reduce safety performance and cause fire.
(7) Be careful when using hot appliances (such as electric irons), and don't make them ignite flammable items. (8) When using electrical appliances or personnel leave, turn off the power supply in time to prevent electrical appliances from overheating.
(9) Use gas appliances to prevent gas leakage, and turn off the gas source after use. (10) The gas tank should be used away from the fire source; Check regularly to ensure that gas facilities and appliances are in good condition.
3. How to pay attention to fire prevention in school? There are also fire safety problems in schools, so we should pay attention to the following points: (l) Don't bring matches, lighters and other kindling into the campus, and don't bring gasoline and firecrackers.
7. Pictures of handwritten report on fire safety knowledge
Teaching objective: 1. Through the understanding of fire events, we can know the main causes of fire, improve students' awareness of fire prevention, and clarify the importance of self-help in fire prevention.
2, understand all kinds of fire equipment, master some knowledge of fire safety and fire fighting, fire prevention and self-help methods. Learn skills to save the day.
Improve students' awareness of self-help and cultivate students' ability to deal with emergencies. 3. Learn to use various methods to consult, collect and process information, and cultivate students' ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge and communicate and cooperate.
Cultivate students' active participation consciousness, serious and responsible scientific attitude and scientific ethics. Second, the teaching time: four class hours. Third, the teaching process: (1) showing pictures and introducing new lessons.
1. Show pictures of various fire scenes. Teacher: What do you want to say after reading these pictures? Where else have you seen such a horrible scene? How do you feel? (Talk in groups after naming. Put another picture, a boy uses vigorous skills to help the animals in the forest escape from the forest fire.
Let the students ask questions worth discussing under the guidance of the teacher, and give feedback through roll call, group work or deskmate communication. (1) Why is there a forest fire? (2) How many animals are there in the picture? What are their different expressions? (3) How did the boy help the animals escape? (4) Other ... There are unexpected events in the sky, and people are doomed! Life is so beautiful, but it is so fragile.
We should cherish our precious lives, improve our awareness of fire prevention, and master some methods of self-help and escape like the hero and teenager in the picture. (two) to guide the study and summarize.
1. Teachers guide students to collect books, periodicals, newspapers and magazines on fire control through various channels and study them. 2. Summarize the data collected by the team, make a fire prevention manual or prepare a fire prevention propaganda manual.
Such as: the horror of "fire", the prevention of "fire", the fire extinguishing method of "fire", the common sense of escape and how to call for help in case of fire. 3. After the manual and handwritten newspapers are completed, please ask the teachers or parents to sign and encourage them, and display them on campus at an appropriate time.
(3) Competition activities and wonderful games. (There will be a host and four groups of grading competitions. )
1, grab the answer. The teacher provides some questions, and the students can supplement them appropriately. )
(1) What factors in life can cause fires? (2) What telephone number should I dial quickly in case of fire? (3) Do you save people first or first when fighting? Power failure or fire extinguishing first? (4) What information should be paid attention to when giving an alarm? (5) List several escape methods. Such as: close the door to survive, escape from the window, escape from the safety exit, etc.
2. True or false. Students can also add questions. )
(1) Students are prohibited from carrying fireworks, cannons, matches and other inflammable and explosive articles. (2) One day, a fourth-grade primary school student went for a picnic in the mountains.
(3) The name and telephone number of the alarm person can be omitted. (4) In case of fire, don't open the window blindly, and wrap your mind with wet towels, clothes and other clothes, especially your nose and mouth.
(5) When household appliances catch fire, turn off the power switch immediately, and do not splash water on the appliances.
8. What are the fire safety knowledge?
At least 0.27 yuan/day, Baidu Library members can be opened. The full content can be found in Library > Original Publisher: Meng Hui Barracks T Common Sense of Safe Use of Fire 1. When gas leakage is found, it is necessary to quickly close the gas source valve, open the doors and windows for ventilation, do not touch the electrical switch and use open flames, and promptly notify the professional maintenance department for handling.
2, can't dump liquefied gas residue at will, because liquefied gas residue, once encounter an open flame, a series of burning explosions will occur. Therefore, the residual liquid of liquefied gas should be handed over to the filling unit for unified recovery, and shall not be disposed of by itself.
3. Educate children not to play with fire or electrical appliances. Usually put lighters and other kindling in places where children are not easy to get, and children are not allowed to turn on the gas and liquefied gas switches; Children should not be allowed to set off fireworks and firecrackers where there are flammable materials.
4. On average, there are 14 fires caused by smoking in China every year, ranking first in China. Don't throw cigarette butts in your life; Don't smoke in bed. Smoking is strictly prohibited in inflammable and explosive places.
5. When household appliances or lines catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and then use dry powder or gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Don't throw water directly to put out the fire. In case of touching E799Be5Bae6E4B 893E5B19E3133343623738, electricity or electrical appliances will explode and hurt people. 6, if the oil pan is on fire, don't use water to put out the fire, should immediately close the furnace gas valve, directly cover the lid or covered with wet linen, make the fire suffocate.
You can also put the cut vegetables into the boiler to cool and extinguish the fire. 7. If you find a fire, you should call the fire alarm number 1 19 immediately. When giving an alarm, the detailed address, fire location, fire substance, fire size, name and telephone number of the alarm person should be stated, and someone should be sent to meet the fire truck at the intersection.
8. If your house is on fire, don't panic. If the fire is not big, you should quickly use the simple fire extinguishing equipment available at home and take effective measures to control and put out the fire. 9. When there is a fire outside and the door is already very hot, never open the door to prevent the fire from entering the room. Block the crack of the door with soaked bedding and clothes and splash water to cool down.
10. If all escape routes are blocked by fire, you should immediately return indoors, use a flashlight, wave clothes and shout loudly.