1, self-operated mode.
This method refers to the management mode that the construction project is organized and completed by the owners themselves. Including the planning, design entrustment, site selection, land acquisition and construction organization of construction projects, are all completed by the owners themselves. The advantages of this method are: it is conducive to the centralized and unified management of the whole process of the project by the owner, and can mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of the owner to complete the project tasks. The disadvantages are unstable organization, weak technical force, low management level and poor economic benefits.
2, the way of contracting.
This mode refers to the management mode that the owner (the construction unit is called Party A) contracts the construction project to the construction contracting enterprise (called Party B), and the contracting enterprise completes the task of the construction builder on time with good quality and quantity. It is a widely used management mode in China at present. In economic relations, contracting enterprises are directly responsible to the owners, and the owners are responsible to the state or the board of directors. In order to clarify the economic relationship between the two parties, the owner and the contracting enterprise sign contracts or agreements, distinguish responsibilities, work together, restrict and promote each other, and jointly ensure the smooth completion of the task. Once the project contract is signed, it has legal effect, and both parties must strictly implement the terms of the contract.
Due to the differences between enterprises' own and external conditions, this contracted management mode can be divided into the following specific management modes:
(1) General contracting and subcontracting methods. This way means that a construction contracting enterprise, as the general contractor, directly signs a project contract with the owner, and then subcontracts part of the project to a second contracting enterprise according to the conditions of enterprise gestation and external environment, so as to clarify the economic responsibilities of both parties through subcontracting. The subcontractor shall be responsible to the general contractor, who shall be fully responsible to the owner.
(2) Joint contracting. This way means that two or more construction contracting enterprises sign contracts with the owners to jointly complete the construction tasks, and share profits and risks according to their respective capital investment, manpower share or nature.
(3) Design and construction combination and contract mode. This way is that the design institute and the construction enterprise jointly contract, and * * * is responsible for completing the design and construction tasks of the project. Because the integration of design and construction can reduce the signing and change of intermediate contracts, advance the commencement date, speed up the progress of the project, and has good economic benefits, it is more and more used in China, and the construction enterprises in the United States and Japan are also adopting this operation mode.
3. Commercialization.
This mode, also known as turnkey mode, belongs to development mode and integrated operation mode. Although the names are different, they all mean that the regional construction committee or the competent department will contract the construction project to a construction enterprise (such as a development company), and the construction enterprise will be responsible for all the construction work, including planning, design, construction and turnkey for users to use, and implement integrated management. This method is widely used in civil construction. Its advantages are enhancing the sense of self-reliance and responsibility of construction enterprises, reducing the burden of owners, reducing the contradictions between units, saving manpower and material resources, helping to speed up construction and improve economic benefits.
4. Joint command mode.
This method is generally used in some large and complex industrial construction projects. Project department, construction unit, design unit, construction and installation enterprise, etc. * * * Send someone to form a joint (on-site) headquarters to be fully responsible for the construction tasks of this project.
Question 2: What do you mean by the operation mode of construction companies? The contract mode refers to the economic relationship between the project contractor (usually the tenderer) and the contractor (usually the winning bidder). There are many ways of contracting, which are restricted by the contract content and specific environmental conditions. The main classification is shown in the figure.
(1) According to the scope (content) of the contract.
According to the scope of project contracting, that is, the content of contracting, there are four contracting methods: whole process contracting, stage contracting, special contracting and "build-operate-transfer" contracting.
1. The whole process of construction contracting
The whole construction process contract is also called "general contract" or "general contract", which is usually called "turnkey". By adopting this contracting method, as long as the construction unit generally puts forward the use requirements and completion time limit, the contractor can carry out the whole process and all-round general contracting for project proposal, feasibility study, survey and design, equipment inquiry and purchase, material ordering, engineering construction, production personnel training until completion and production, and be responsible for the overall management, coordination and supervision of all subcontracted tasks. In order to facilitate the connection between construction and production, if necessary, we can also absorb part of the strength of the construction unit and participate in the related work of engineering construction under the unified organization of the contractor. This contracting method requires close cooperation between the contracting parties; Major issues involving decision-making nature should still be decided by the construction unit or its superior competent department. This contracting method is mainly suitable for all kinds of large and medium-sized construction projects. Its advantages are that it can accumulate construction experience, make full use of existing experience, save investment, shorten construction period, ensure construction quality and improve economic benefits. Of course, the contractor is also required to have strong technical and economic strength and rich experience in organization and management. In order to meet this requirement, some large foreign contractors often form an integrated contracting company with survey and design units, or further expand to a number of professional contractors and equipment manufacturers to form a horizontal economic consortium. This is a new trend in the development of construction industry in recent decades. Since the reform and opening up, the general contracting companies of construction projects established by various departments and localities in China belong to this kind of contracting units.
2. Stage contracting
The content of the stage contract is the work of a certain stage or stages in the construction process. Such as feasibility study, survey and design, building installation and construction. In the construction stage, according to the different contents of the contract, it can be divided into three ways:
(1) contractors and materials. That is, all the labor and materials used in the construction of contracted projects. This is a widely used construction contracting method in the world.
(2) Part of the contractor's package. That is, the contractor is only responsible for providing all the labor and some materials needed for construction, and the rest is supplied by the construction unit or the general contractor. Before China's reform and opening-up, the construction unit that has been in practice for many years contracted all artificial and local materials, and the construction unit was responsible for supplying unified distribution and management materials and some special materials, which belonged to this contracting method. After the reform, it gradually transitioned to the mode of contracting labor and materials.
(3) The contractor does not package materials. That is, the contractor only provides labor services and does not undertake any obligation to supply materials. This contracting method exists in construction projects at home and abroad.
3. Special contracting
The content of special contract is a special project in a certain construction stage. Because of its strong professionalism, it is mostly contracted by relevant professional contractors, so it is called professional contracting. For example, the feasibility study, engineering geological survey, water supply source survey, foundation or structural engineering design, process design, power supply system, air conditioning system, and auxiliary research projects in disaster prevention system design, equipment purchase and production technical personnel training in the construction preparation process, foundation construction, metal structure fabrication and installation, ventilation equipment, elevator installation, etc. in the construction stage.
4. Build-operate-transfer contract
BOT mode is commonly known internationally, that is, the abbreviation of build-operate-transfer. This is a new way of contracting with capital in the 1980s. Its procedure is generally led by a large contractor or developer, and the financial department forms a consortium to make suggestions and applications for a project and obtain permission to build and operate the project. These projects are generally large-scale public works and infrastructure, such as tunnels, ports, highways, power plants and so on. * * * If the proposal and application are approved, the concession of the construction and operation project will be awarded to the consortium. The consortium is responsible for all the work of fund raising, engineering design and construction; After the project is completed, it will operate during the franchise period, and recover the investment, repay the loan and make a profit by charging users; After the franchise expires, the project will be handed over to the management of * * * for free. For the country where the project is located, this way can solve the construction problem of * * * ... >>
Question 3: How to fill in the management mode? The mode of operation is self-production, self-sale, processing, repair and entrustment approved by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Entrusted procurement, consignment, wholesale, wholesale, retail and service projects.
Question 4: How to fill in the "mode of operation" in the bidding documents? How should I fill in "self-operated" or "joint venture/joint venture"? Some processing and production enterprises fill in "entrusted processing/production", and construction enterprises fill in "self-operated, labor outsourcing and joint venture construction".
Question 5: how to fill in the column of "registration type" in the tax registration form: that is, the economic type, according to the content of the business license;
Commerce: residential services and other service industries
Mode of operation: self-operated and agent supply; Applicable financial system: enterprise accounting system.
"Certificate Type" column: if the unit invests, fill in its organization code certificate; The organization code certificate needs to be handled by the local technical supervision bureau. It is a nine-digit code certificate. If an individual invests, fill in the name on his identity document.
Question 6: How to fill in the operation mode of hot pot A. The professional characteristics of consumers: the consumption habits and grades of ordinary students, migrant workers and ordinary wage earners are different from those of senior white-collar workers and public servants; B, the age characteristics of consumers: for example, the elderly prefer light, the young prefer heavy, and so on; C. Gender characteristics of consumers: Women and men often have certain differences in pot products, tastes and dishes of hot pot; D regional and ethnic characteristics of consumers: people from different regions and ethnic groups have different requirements for hot pot products, which should be distinguished.
Of course, due to the interpenetration and hybridity of hot pot, many hot pots have been improved and innovated, which are suitable for most people's tastes and have the characteristics of * * *. But the analysis of consumers is essential.
Analysis of customer's consumption behavior
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Consumption is a comprehensive concept, and consumption behavior includes consumption level, consumption structure, consumption mode and consumption habits. A, the consumption level is directly related to the customer's economic affordability, which reflects the customer's ability to pay and the degree of demand satisfaction corresponding to this ability, and directly shows the grade and type of hot pot restaurant selected by customers; B, consumption structure is the proportion of customers' consumption expenditure, and its expenditure is closely related to occupation, age, gender, region, nationality and other factors; C consumption patterns include individuals, families, enterprises and groups. Different consumption patterns have different grades and varieties; D, consumption habits are reflected in the dining environment, atmosphere, brand, flavor, economy and other habits.
What kind of consumer groups you target also determines the type of hot pot restaurant you open: generally speaking, luxury hot pot restaurants serve mostly high-income people; Popular hot pot restaurant has moderate price, which is closely related to the low cost and popular flavor of hot pot, and the attendance rate and turnover rate are high.
Selected location
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Before site selection, it is necessary to choose an area that is convenient for business development, which is the premise of site selection. Factors such as the level of economic development, the influence of culture and education, market competition, the characteristics of planning and site selection, and whether the software and hardware environment are superior should be considered when selecting the site.
Location principle of hot pot restaurant: the principle of proximity should be implemented. In other words, it is necessary to have convenient transportation, convenient communication and convenient access. Located in or near the business district, economic district, cultural district, development zone, etc. The road is smooth and customers are easy to "get close"; Meanwhile, pay attention to the surrounding environment. The external environment should form a climate, and other restaurants in the hot pot restaurant should be mixed, such as "Yidian Street" and "Hot Pot City".
Name trick
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In terms of store name design, 1, name and design principles: identification, originality and integrity. 2. The basic rules of name design: First, the font pays attention to the overall effect, which is easy to identify, read and remember; Second, the pronunciation is loud, full of charm and rhythm; The third is the combination of the original intention and meaning of the font. 3. The basic requirements of name design: First, it is consistent with the level of customer consumption and the level of hot pot restaurant; Second, the humor and implication of the name of hot pot restaurant; Three, hot pot restaurant name and flavor, objects, habits; Fourth, the extension of the name of hot pot restaurant; Fifth, the choice of hot pot restaurant name is particular; Sixth, the naming requirements are simple and lively, don't change it easily, and pay attention to originality.
Shop decoration
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Decoration design of hot pot restaurant: Starting from the reality of different hot pot restaurants, it should be measured by architectural style, hot pot grade, geographical location and other factors to attract customers. Generally speaking, the decoration styles are different, but the following problems should be avoided: First, the structure of hot pot restaurant is monotonous; Second, the air in the store is turbid and humid; Third, the distance between tables in the store is too small; Fourth, the environmental space is depressed; Fifth, the lack of original decorative features.
Note: Because you plan to open a self-service hot pot restaurant, this model requires all hot pot raw materials (raw materials and semi-finished products, etc.). ) and tableware are placed in a certain area of the hot pot hall, and guests can choose by themselves. It has the characteristics of open layout, lobby, one or two varieties of pots, popular taste, flexible service, customer participation and self-satisfaction, full use of space and customer movement.
Someone's taste
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The most important thing in Sichuan hot pot is the preparation of the original soup, which determines the flavor of hot pot and is also the most critical link in making hot pot. There are many kinds of hot pot in Sichuan, and the original soup is different, but the most basic one is red soup and white soup. Now let me give you a detailed introduction of these soups, hoping to give you some inspiration:
Red soup is a typical popular hot pot basic soup in Sichuan. This kind of soup has a wide range of uses, and most varieties of Sichuan hot pot are ...
Question 7: The business model and settlement method of the construction industry are very broad, which has nothing to do with your purpose and intention. Business models can't completely copy other industries, and they all have their own characteristics. At present, China's construction industry is very irregular, and it is very common to rely on it. Most of them operate in the form of subcontracting or dismembering projects. As for subcontracting, most of them do not have the qualifications prescribed by law or exceed their qualifications, and even have subcontracting of personal behavior.
Question 8: What is the operation mode of the construction company? 1. General contracting direct mode: the project cost is approved by the company, and the construction management is implemented by the project department.
2. Three guarantees and one payment business model: the company contracts the project to the project department according to the internal contract management model, and the project department pays the profits to the company after ensuring the agreed construction period, quality, safety and civilized construction site.
3. Internal profit management mode: The company makes detailed accounting for the projects undertaken by the project department (branch), determines profit targets, and links the approved targets with personal income.
Question 9: What are the different hotel management methods and their characteristics?
Hotel management mode refers to the way that hotels organize and integrate various resources involved in daily operations, thus creating value for hotel owners. Among them, resource is a broad concept, which not only refers to the hotel's internal resources, such as operating resources, internal logistics resources, marketing resources, etc., but also refers to the hotel's external resources, such as social resources and public resources. Hotel management mode is an abstraction of hotel management system, management mode and management characteristics. Generally speaking, there are five basic hotel management methods:
1. Hotel owners manage their own hotels.
Hotel owners operate hotels alone, with the largest scale from * * *. Because there is no need to pay management fees to hotel management companies, if hotel owners can effectively carry out marketing and management, they can get the greatest economic benefits. In order to benefit from this business model, hotel owners must have management skills and strong business background, because under this business model, they can't get the help of joint management system, chain sales system, reservation system and management system under other business models. At the same time, without the support of chain sales system, franchise system or well-known hotel management companies, hotels are usually difficult to obtain financing from banks or other financial institutions. However, if the owner has rich hotel management experience, the hotel has its own characteristics and a large number of regular customers, the owner can consider this business model.
2. Hotel owners operate independently and join the chain sales system.
By joining the chain sales system like "Best Western", hotel owners can use the reservation system of the joint venture company and use the joint venture and sales network composed of all member hotels to buy equipment, supplies and insurance at lower prices. At the same time, if hotel owners do not rely on hotel management companies to operate, they can maintain the hotel's characteristics and personality, as well as a big management. However, hotel owners need to pay membership fees and chain sales system fees to chain sales associates. Membership fees generally account for 2%-3% of the total operating income of hotel rooms. The expenses of the chain sales system include marketing and advertising fees, booking fees, accounting, procurement and training. The chain sales system fees paid by member hotels usually account for 0.5%-2.3% of the total operating income of rooms.
Therefore, the hotel owner should analyze whether the increase in operating income after the hotel joins the chain sales system can offset these expenses. For chain sales associates, accepting member hotels can expand the chain sales network and increase the chain sales management fee income without increasing too much investment. However, it is difficult for chain sales associates to unify the quality standards and control the service quality of member hotels. Therefore, whether the joint venture company can strictly select member hotels, consistently adhere to quality standards and provide quality services for member hotels is the key to the success of the joint venture company and the key factor that hotel owners need to consider when choosing chain sales system.
3. Hotel owners manage themselves and join the franchise agreement.
When signing a franchise agreement with franchisees, hotel owners can not only get various services provided by chain sales associates, but also get the following benefits: first, in the hotel development stage, hotel owners wait for franchisees' help in hotel site selection, feasibility study, architectural design, restaurant design, fund raising and so on; Secondly, in the preparatory stage of hotel opening, hotel owners can get the guidance of franchisees, provide management manuals and operation manuals to their bosses, and send personnel to the hotel for on-the-spot investigation to help the hotel open; Third, in the hotel operation stage, hotel owners can get long-term training, extensive consultation and technical services (extra charge) from franchisees.
Franchisees have high standardization requirements for the physical equipment of each hotel and strict management control for each hotel. Hotel owners who lack hotel management skills and experience are often willing to accept the relevant regulations of franchisees. Hotel owners with strong hotel management ability often think that the standardization requirements of franchisees will have a negative impact on hotel management. Hotel owners must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the franchise mode, analyze the strength of the franchise company, judge whether the increase in hotel operating income is enough to pay the franchise fee, and learn in detail what conditions the franchise lender will set for the hotel to raise debt funds. The annual joining fee paid by hotel owners, including royalties and advertising, marketing and booking fees, usually accounts for 3%-7% of the total operating income of hotel rooms.
To grant the franchise to the hotel owner, the franchisee can pass ... >>