I. What is "211 Project"

Outline of China's Educational Reform and Development issued by the Central Government and the State Council on February 13, 1993 and the State Council's "Opinions on the Implementation of the Outline of China's Educational Reform and Development", the main spirit of "211 Project" is that, in order to meet the challenges of the world's new technological revolution and to face the 21st century, we should concentrate the efforts of the central government and local authorities to build 100 key universities in phases and batches. The main spirit of the "211 Project" is: in order to meet the challenges of the world's new technological revolution and to face the 21st century, we should concentrate the strength of the central government and the local authorities to focus on the construction of 100 or so institutions of higher education and a number of key disciplines and specialties in phases and batches, so as to make great improvements in the quality of education, scientific research, management level and the effectiveness of running a school by the year 2000, and to make obvious progress in the reform of education, and strive to make great progress in the 21st century. In the early 21st century, a number of institutions of higher education and a number of key disciplines and specialties will be close to or reach the level of first-class universities in the international arena. And can be summarized as follows: "211 Project" is for the 21st century, focusing on the construction of about 100 schools of higher education and a number of key disciplines.

Second, "211 Project" historical background

"211 Project" has been conceived since 1990. 1990 June, the State Education Commission in the development of the national education program ten-year plan and the "Eighth Five-Year Plan". "In June 1990, when the State Education Commission was formulating the Ten-Year Plan for National Education and the Eighth Five-Year Plan, it studied the issue of concentrating on a number of key universities during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. At that time, it was proposed that within two to three five-year plans, the planned focus on investment to build about 30 key universities. Later, in view of the need to form a group of industry-led schools, and after many studies, it was decided that by the year 2000 or thereabouts, the number of key institutions of higher education to be built would be around 100, and it was requested that the matter be treated as a major event for the "twenty-first century". This important measure for the development of higher education was first referred to as the "211 Program", and was later identified as the "211 Project".

In April 1991, the focus on a group of universities and a group of key disciplines was included in the Ten-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy and Society and the Outline of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, which was approved by the Fourth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress.

In December 1991, the State Education Commission, together with the relevant departments, made a special report to the State Council and the relevant leaders on the "211 Project. departments to face the 21st century, focusing on a number of (100) institutions of higher learning '211 project' planning views."

On October 29, 1992, a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, chaired by Comrade Jiang Zemin, discussed the Draft Outline for the Development and Reform of Education in China. The Standing Committee members believed that it was very important to run 100 key universities, and that running these schools well could bring up the entire higher education sector.

In January 1993, the State Council approved the State Education Commission's "on the reform and active development of general higher education," the document clearly "211 project" construction goals.

February 13, 1993, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council officially issued the "China's education reform and development program", which clearly states: "to focus on the central and local and other aspects of the strength of about 100 key universities and a number of key disciplines and specialties."

July 1993, the State Education Commission issued "on the construction of a number of key institutions of higher learning and key disciplines of a number of opinions", decided to set up the "211 project" key construction projects, that is, for the 21st century, focusing on the construction of 100 or so institutions of higher learning and a number of key academic disciplines, in May 1994, began to Launched departmental pre-trial.

Three, set the "211 Project" guiding ideology

One is to face the 21st century, for China's second and third step in the realization of the strategic objectives of training, delivery and accumulation of backbone talent.

The second is to face the main battlefield of economic construction, strengthen the link between higher education and economic construction, and strive to solve the major scientific and technological problems in the construction of the national economy and social development, so as to meet the needs of China's socialist modernization of high-level specialists.

Thirdly, it is to concentrate limited funds on building a number of schools with better basic conditions and key disciplines, and to improve the efficiency of the use of funds.

Fourth, by focusing on the construction of a number of schools of higher education and key disciplines to drive other schools, thereby improving the quality of education, scientific research and efficiency of China's higher education, and promoting the reform and development of higher education. So that China's higher education in the international position, and explore a way to build a new type of socialist university.

Four, "211 Project" construction goals, central task and main content

"211 Project" construction goal is: after 10 years or a longer period of time, so that a considerable number of institutions of higher learning and key disciplines can become the training of high-level specialized training. key disciplines can become a base for training high-level specialists and solving major scientific and technological problems in national economic construction and social development. They will be at an advanced level in China in terms of quality of education, scientific research and management, and have a certain international influence. A number of these institutions of higher education and some of their key disciplines have reached or are close to the world's advanced level. Basically, key disciplinary points and demonstration lead schools with a reasonable structural layout, high level and different characteristics are formed to meet the needs of socialist modernization, and a new system of higher education adapted to the needs of the socialist market economic system and the reform of political, scientific and technological systems is established.

The central task of the "211 Project" is to improve the quality of education, scientific research, management and efficiency of higher education. To this end, the relevant higher education institutions should strive to build a good political and business qualities, a reasonable structure, a relatively stable teaching staff, to create a number of academic attainments, in the domestic and international have a certain impact on the academic leader and backbone teachers; to strengthen the ideological and political education to improve the quality of the students in all aspects; to adjust the structure of academic disciplines and specialties, to strengthen the construction of academic disciplines, and in-depth pedagogical reforms, so as to better adapt to the economic construction and social development needs; to a greater extent, to improve the quality of education and scientific research, management and management of the effectiveness of education. It is necessary to adjust the structure of disciplines and specialties, strengthen the construction of disciplines, carry out in-depth teaching reforms, and make them better adapt to the needs of economic construction and social development; to substantially improve the material conditions for running schools, such as instruments and equipment, information, intelligence, books, and communications, to strengthen the construction of laboratories, and to enhance the strength of scientific research; and to learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, enhance international exchanges, and expand the influence of international organizations. The relevant departments should provide preferential policies for the key construction of institutions of higher learning, further expanding the autonomy of schools, accelerating the formation of schools to adapt to the needs of society on their own initiative, self-motivation, self-development and self-restraint of the operating mechanism.

The main content of the "211 Project" construction includes three parts: first, about 100 higher education institutions; second, a number of key disciplines; and third, the higher education public **** service system. Here, the overall construction of the school is the foundation, the key disciplines is the core, is an important symbol of the level of teaching, research, is an effective way to drive the overall level of the school to improve. Higher education public **** service system to focus on the construction of disciplines as the basis, in accordance with the principle of resource **** enjoyment, service to the country as a whole, from the overall strengthening of China's higher education infrastructure, and improve the level of higher education and the effectiveness of school running. The higher education public ****service system of "Project 211" mainly includes the construction of China's education and scientific research computer network, as well as the rational layout and guarantee system of literature resources of various disciplines, the scientific and technological intelligence consulting system, the high-level education management information system, and the rational allocation and resource ****sharing system of large-scale and precision instrumentation and equipment. system, etc.

V. Selection conditions for entering the "211 Project" key construction universities

The principle of selecting key construction of institutions of higher learning and key disciplines is that "the level is the basis for investment is the condition, the goal should be clear, the measures should be implemented, and fair competition, selection based on merit ".

Selection of "211 Project" key construction of higher education and key disciplines, the prerequisite is to run the school of thought, leadership team unity and strong, and reform has achieved certain results; teaching, living and other basic facilities have reached the standard of undergraduate education at a high level; the school where the department, the region has a reasonable educational development plan. The school's department and region have a coordinated and rational education development plan.

The selection conditions for the key construction of higher education institutions are: a relatively stable and high-quality faculty; more advanced teaching and research levels and conditions; a certain number of doctoral programs and key disciplines, the cultivation of high-level specialists in greater numbers and better quality; more research funding, significant results, and a greater contribution to the national construction of the higher effectiveness of the operation of the school; greater academic impact at home and abroad; school construction objectives are clear. academic impact; school construction goals are clear and have their own characteristics, construction funds are more realized, etc.

The selection conditions for key disciplinary points of key construction are: the direction of disciplinary development is of great significance to the national economic construction and social development, with characteristics and advantages; there are academic leaders who are recognized domestically and have a certain impact on the international arena and a high-level academic team with a reasonable structure; the level of teaching and scientific research is in a leading position domestically, and has a certain impact on the international arena as well, and there are outstanding achievements in talent cultivation and scientific research; There are good teaching and research conditions and the basis for academic exchanges at home and abroad.

Sixth, "211 Project" implementation of several stages

According to the arrangements of the Ministry of Education, the implementation of "211 Project" is mainly divided into the following stages: school declaration, departmental pre-approval, preparation for the project, the official establishment of the project, project implementation and acceptance.

List of Schools:

Beijing (23) Tsinghua University Peking University Renmin University Beijing Jiaotong University

Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing University of Technology Beijing University of Science and Technology

Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication China Agricultural University Beijing Forestry University

Communication University of China Central University of Nationalities Beijing Normal University Central Conservatory of Music

University of International Business and Economics Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Foreign Studies Peking Union Medical College

China University of Political Science and Law Central University of Finance and Economics North China Electric Power University

Shanghai Municipality (9) Shanghai International Studies University Fudan University East China Normal University Shanghai University

Donghua University Shanghai University of Finance and Economics East China University of Science and Technology Tongji University

Shanghai Jiaotong University merged with Shanghai Second Medical University

Tianjin (3) Nankai University Tianjin University Tianjin Medical University

Chongqing (2) Chongqing University Southwest University

Hebei (1) Hebei Polytechnic University

Shanxi (1) Taiyuan University of Science and Technology

Indonggu (1) Inner Mongolia University

Liaoning (4) Dalian University of Technology Northeastern University Liaoning University Dalian Maritime University

Jilin (3) Jilin University Northeast Normal University Yanbian University

Helongjiang (4) Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Northeastern Agricultural University Northeastern Forestry University

Jiangsu (11) Nanjing University Southeast University Suzhou University Nanjing Normal University Southeast University Suzhou University Nanjing Normal University

China University of Mining and Technology China Pharmaceutical University Hehai University Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Jiangnan University Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Zhejiang (1) Zhejiang University

Anhui (3) University of Science and Technology of China Anhui University Hefei University of Technology

Fujian (2) Xiamen University Fuzhou University

Jiangxi (1) Nanchang University

Shandong (3) Shandong University Ocean University of China China China University of Petroleum

Henan (1) Zhengzhou University

Hubei (7) Wuhan University Huazhong University of Science and Technology China University of Geosciences 武汉科技大学

Chinese Normal University Huazhong Agricultural University Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

Hunan (3) Hunan University Central South University Hunan Normal University

Guangdong (5) Sun Yat-sen University Jinan University South China University of Technology South China Normal University

Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Guangxi (***1) Guangxi University

Sichuan (***5) Sichuan University Southwest Jiaotong University University of Electronic Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University

Southwest University of Finance and Economics

Yunnan (1) Yunnan University

Guizhou (1) Guizhou University

Shanxi (6) Northwestern University Xi'an Jiaotong University Northwestern Polytechnical University Changan University

Northwestern A&F University Xi'an Electronic Science and Technology University

Gansu (1) Lanzhou University

Xinjiang (1) Xinjiang University

Military System (3) Second Military Medical University Fourth Military Medical University University University of National Defense Science and Technology

Note: Bolded black fonts represent new 211 colleges and universities added since Sept. 8, 2005 (****12)

"211 project "is the Chinese government for the 21st century, focusing on the construction of about 100 schools of higher education and key disciplines of the construction project.

I. Purpose of Project 211

The implementation of Project 211 is an important measure for the Chinese government to promote the development of higher education and to facilitate the compatibility of higher education with economic and social development. The implementation of this project aims to cultivate high-level talents for China's economic and social development strategy, which is of great significance to improve the level of higher education in the country, accelerate the country's economic construction, promote scientific and technological and cultural development, enhance the comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness, and realize the cultivation of high-level talents basically based on the domestic.

Second, the overall construction goals and tasks

Facing the 21st century, in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on the construction of a number of institutions of higher learning and key disciplines, and on this basis, after a number of years of effort, so that 100 or so institutions of higher learning, as well as a number of key disciplines in the quality of education, scientific research, management level and effectiveness of school operation and so on. and efficiency in running schools, and to make significant progress in the reform of higher education, especially in the reform of the management system, so as to become bases for training high-level talents and solving major problems of economic construction and social development based on the domestic situation. Among them, a part of key institutions of higher education and a part of key disciplines, close to or reach the advanced level of international schools and disciplines of the same kind, most of the schools have significantly improved the conditions of running the school, and have made great achievements in the cultivation of talents and scientific research, adapted to the development of the region and the industry, and are generally at an advanced level in the country, playing the role of the backbone and the role of the demonstration.

The main content of the project construction:

"211 project" construction content mainly includes the overall conditions of the school, the key disciplines and higher education public **** service system construction of three major parts.

1, the overall conditions of the school construction: to create a large number of academic attainments, at home and abroad have a certain impact on the academic leader and backbone teachers, in particular, should accelerate the cultivation of young academic leaders, to maintain a political and business qualities of good, reasonable structure, lean staff, relatively stable teachers and management cadres; in-depth education, teaching reform, optimize the structure of academic disciplines (specialties), to promote students' moral, intellectual and physical development. Promote the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence and physical fitness, and ensure that the quality of education is greatly improved; strengthen the construction of infrastructure necessary for teaching and scientific research, the construction of laboratories and the construction of public **** facilities, and create the necessary living and working conditions for the cultivation of and attraction to outstanding talents; improve the efficiency of the scale of running the school; strengthen the work of scientific research, and strive to realize the industrialization of scientific research results, and speed up the pace of transforming science and technology into real productive forces; promote reform of the school-running system and deepen the reform of the internal management system of schools; enhance international exchanges and cooperation among institutions of higher learning and expand the influence of China's higher education in the international arena.

2. Construction of key disciplines: the main purpose is to enhance the ability to cultivate high-level talents in the frontier fields of science and technology. In some of the schools with the conditions to select some of the country's economic construction, scientific and technological progress, social development and national defense construction and other fields have a significant impact on the major scientific and technological problems in this field, and is expected to achieve breakthroughs in the key research bases, to strengthen the experimental conditions for the training of talents, to broaden the disciplines, the formation of a number of disciplines related to the foundation, the intrinsic linkage between the tightly linked, the resource **** to enjoy, with the characteristics and advantages of the The group of disciplines and disciplinary bases will be formed to continuously cultivate high-level backbone talents in this field. We should strive to form a key discipline system covering the main industries and fields of China's economic construction and social development, driving the development of disciplines and science and technology, and a reasonable division of labor and mutual support.

3. The construction of the higher education public ****service system mainly includes the construction of China's education and scientific research computer network, library and literature guarantee system, and modern instrument ****sharing system. China's education and scientific research computer network will be connected to the country's major institutions of higher learning and networked with the international network to provide information services for China's education, science and technology and all sectors of society. Based on the China Education and Research Computer Network, the Library and Documentation Security System will set up a national comprehensive documentation center and a number of disciplinary documentation centers, extensively network with domestic and foreign documentation systems, and establish a documentation and information sub-network. According to the regional advantages, in the central cities where higher education institutions are concentrated, combined with the construction of key disciplines in higher education institutions, modern instrument and equipment **** enjoyment service centers are set up to improve the efficiency of equipment use.

"Ninth Five-Year Plan" period "211 Project" construction planning tasks:

1, first of all, focus on the construction of two institutions of higher education, so that in the overall level of teaching, scientific research and personnel training, close to and reach the international advanced level, and establish a high reputation in the international arena. establish a high reputation and status in the international arena.

2. To focus on enhancing and improving the teaching and scientific research infrastructure conditions of about 25 institutions of higher education that are closely related to the construction of China's socialism, have a relatively high concentration of key disciplines, and undertake more public ****service system construction tasks, so as to make them significantly improve the quality of talent cultivation, with some key disciplines approaching or reaching the international level, and to play the role of a backbone and demonstration among the institutions of higher education. To focus on supporting basic industries, pillar industries closely related to the construction of colleges and universities and key disciplines, and increase the country's urgent need for senior specialists and applied technology personnel training efforts to reflect the "211 Project" construction for the main battlefield of economic construction.

3, to strengthen the 300 or so key disciplines closely related to economic and social development, scientific and technological progress and national defense construction, and enhance the ability to continue to cultivate high-level talents in related fields to meet the needs of the socialist market economy.

4. Completing the construction of the basic framework of the higher education public ****service system.

The specific construction method of the "211 Project":

In principle, the main construction contents will be considered in an integrated manner among the key universities to be identified for construction and those to be enhanced and improved, so as to reflect the effective use of funds and give full play to the comprehensive benefits of the institutions of higher education. A few key disciplines and other construction projects can be arranged in another part of the higher education institutions.

Third, the project construction funds

"211 Project" construction funds required to take the state, departments, local and higher education **** with the way to solve the problem. According to the current higher education management system, the construction funds mainly by the school departments and local governments to raise arrangements, the central government to arrange a certain amount of special funds to support the construction of the project to promote, guide and regulate the role.

Departmental and local government special funds, to give priority to ensure that the national key disciplines, higher education, public **** service system construction needs, appropriate arrangements for the relevant higher education institutions on the level of the necessary infrastructure construction. The central special funds are mainly used to subsidize the construction of national key disciplines and higher education public **** service system, and to subsidize the construction of infrastructure necessary for the overall improvement of the level of a small number of institutions of higher education.

Four, construction procedures and organizational management

"211 Project" as a national key construction projects in the national economy and social development of the medium and long-term planning and the ninth five-year plan, from 1995 onwards.

1. The State Council set up the Inter-ministerial Coordination Group of Project 211 to coordinate and decide on major policy issues in the construction of the project. The coordination group consists of leaders in charge of the State Council, the State Planning Commission, the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Finance. The Coordination Group has set up an office, which is specifically responsible for the implementation and management of the "211 Project" construction project and the inspection and evaluation work. The office consists of the State Education Commission, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance comrades, located in the State Education Commission.

2, "211 Project" in accordance with the national infrastructure program for approval and management. Central industry authorities and provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) people's governments, the State Education Commission on the application for entry into the "211 project" alternative institutions and disciplines for pre-approval. After passing the pre-approval, the relevant competent departments shall submit the preparatory materials to the State Education Commission for the record. According to the overall progress requirements of "Project 211" and the possibility of national financial resources, the State Education Commission, in conjunction with the relevant competent departments, shall submit the feasibility study report of the project to the State Planning Commission. The State Planning Commission according to the specific objectives and standards of the construction project, departments, local and institutional self-financing implementation, as well as the arrangement of the central special funds, a comprehensive balance and review, the conditions are ripe for a, approved one. Approved by the validation of the project into the "211 Project" by the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Education Commission in the annual plan of rolling arrangements for central subsidies for investment and put into effect. For the "211 Project" construction requirements, closely related to the national economic development priorities, self-financing the implementation of higher education does not require special support from the central government, can also be included in the key construction program and enjoy the corresponding preferential policies.

3, "211 Project" construction projects to implement the project manager responsibility system management. The project authorities in accordance with the overall planning and implementation of construction progress requirements, specifically responsible for the management of the department and the region "211 Project" construction projects, and seriously grasp the work of the construction projects under the work to ensure that the completion of the quality and on schedule.

Fifth, "211 Project" construction progress

In the CPC Central Committee, the State Council under the direct concern and guidance of leading comrades in the National Planning Commission, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance under the coordination and leadership of the "211 Project" progress in construction. smoothly.

"Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, in the "211 Project" school **** arranged 602 key disciplines construction projects. Among them, 62 humanities and society, accounting for 10%; economy, politics and law 57, accounting for 10%; 89 basic sciences, accounting for 15%; 42 environmental resources, accounting for 7%; 255 basic industries and high-tech, accounting for 42%; medicine and health, 66, accounting for 11%; agriculture, 31, accounting for 5%.

During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the total construction funds for the "211 Project" amounted to about 18.3 billion yuan. Among them, 6.388 billion yuan was spent on the construction of key disciplines, 3.5 billion yuan on the construction of the public **** service system, 1.006 billion yuan on infrastructure construction, and 7.332 billion yuan on the construction of supporting facilities.

Since the implementation of the "211 Project" construction, it has promoted the overall development of higher education, promoted departmental and local **** construction and various forms of joint school running, and fully mobilized the enthusiasm of all aspects of school running, but also led to a change in the ideology of school running. The conditions for running schools have been improved to a certain extent. The national higher education digital information platform has been initially established, and the construction of public **** teaching facilities has begun to bear fruit. The "211 Project" schools have established the guiding ideology of focusing on the construction of key disciplines and the core position of discipline construction in the development of the school, the ability to cultivate high-level talents has been further improved, and the level of scientific research and equipment has been substantially improved, which has obviously strengthened their ability to carry out research on the frontiers of science and to solve the major problems in the economic construction, and the construction of faculty has been emphasized. The construction of the faculty has been emphasized, and certain working conditions have been created for stabilizing and attracting talents. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the construction of "Project 211" has made remarkable achievements and produced a number of landmark results.

"211 Project" during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" construction has been basically completed, "Tenth Five-Year Plan" construction is about to begin.