The phenomenon of garbage encroaching on the land, blocking the rivers and lakes, obstructing the hygiene, affecting the landscape, jeopardizing the growth of crops and human health is called garbage pollution.
The garbage includes two parts: industrial waste and domestic garbage. Industrial waste refers to industrial production, processing waste, mainly including coal research stone, fly ash, steel slag, blast furnace slag, red mud, plastic and petroleum waste. Domestic waste is mainly kitchen waste, waste plastics, waste paper, broken glass, metal products and so on. In the city, due to the increasing population, the domestic garbage is increasing at a rate of 10% per year, constituting a major public nuisance.
The serious harm of garbage, first of all, is to encroach on a large amount of land. Secondly, it pollutes farmland. Third, the pollution of groundwater. Fourth, the pollution of the atmosphere. Industrial waste in some organic substances, can be at a certain temperature through biological decomposition to produce a bad smell, thereby polluting the atmosphere. Fifth, the spread of disease. Household garbage contains germs, parasites, if used directly as farm fertilizer, people eat the application of such fertilizer vegetables, fruits and vegetables, you may get infectious diseases.
With the development of the economy, people's lives improve, the city garbage increased a lot. Garbage disposal has become an urgent problem in the comprehensive improvement of urban environment.
Food Pollution
Food is one of the three elements that constitute human life and health. Once food is contaminated, it has to jeopardize human health. Food contamination refers to a variety of food people eat, such as grain, fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, eggs, etc., in the production, transportation, packaging, storage, sales, cooking process, mixed with harmful toxic substances or germs.
Food contamination can be divided into two categories: biological pollution and chemical pollution.
Biological contamination refers to harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites contaminated food. Bacteria and fungi that are microorganisms are invisible to the human eye. Eggs become smelly and vegetables rot, mainly bacteria and fungi are at work. There are many types of bacteria, some bacteria such as Aspergillus, yellow bacillus, enterobacteria can directly contaminate animal food, but also through the tools, containers, washing water and other ways to contaminate animal food, so that food spoilage. There are many types of fungi, more than 50,000 species. Mold, which first served mankind, is a type of fungus. Nowadays, people can't eat curd and sauce products without mold. However, more than a hundred of these strains produce toxins, and the most toxic is aflatoxin. After the food is contaminated by this toxin, it will cause primary liver cancer in animals. According to a survey, the incidence of liver cancer in areas with high aflatoxin in food is dozens of times higher than in other areas. British scientists believe that breast cancer may be related to aflatoxin. China's East China, Central and South China's climate is warm and humid, aflatoxin contamination is more common, mainly contaminated in peanuts, corn, followed by rice and other foods. Parasites that contaminate food mainly include roundworms, tapeworms, trichinella, etc. These parasites generally contaminate water and soil through the feces of sick people and animals, and then contaminate fish, fruits and vegetables, which can cause parasitic diseases when people eat them.
Chemical contamination is caused by harmful and toxic chemical substances contaminating food. A variety of pesticides is a major source of chemical contamination of food, as well as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nitro compounds and other hazardous substances such as industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue; food coloring, preservatives, coloring agents, sweeteners, curing agents, antioxidants, food additives; food packaging for plastic, paper, metal containers, etc.. If food is packaged in waste newspapers and old magazines, PCBs contained in these papers will enter the human body through food, thus causing diseases. PCB is a general term for more than 200 kinds of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, which are produced and used in considerable quantities in the world today. It is well documented that PCBs have been found in river water, seawater, aquatic organisms, soil, atmosphere, wildlife, as well as human milk and fat, and even in penguins in the Antarctic and whales in the Arctic Ocean. During food processing, some food coloring can be added to maintain bright colors. But some synthetic colors are toxic.
Preventing food contamination, not only to pay attention to dietary hygiene, but also from the production, transportation, processing, storage, sales and other aspects of the start. Only in this way can we get to the root of the problem.
Soil pollution
Land is the basis of human food and clothing, in the scientific and technological development of today's high degree, the land has suffered unprecedented destruction. Among them, soil pollution is like a soft knife, is depriving a large area of fertile soil productivity.
Soil pollution mainly refers to certain harmful substances in the soil greatly exceeds the normal content, the land can not eliminate these harmful effects of the phenomenon. Severe soil contamination can lead to reduced crop growth and development or even wilting and death, and these consequences of contamination can be detected in time. More soil pollution does not have obvious manifestations, but reduces the quality of agricultural products, especially through the enrichment of crops on harmful substances, secretly endangering livestock and human health, must be highly vigilant.
Soil pollution mainly from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, waste gas, waste residue, as well as fertilizers and pesticides. Domestic sewage and human and animal feces and urine contain many plants need nutrients, with sewage irrigation or manure fertilizer will generally increase crop yields. However, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and insect eggs in these wastewater and waste enter the farmland and are deposited in the soil, causing soil pollution. Human contact with contaminated soil and agricultural products can cause tetanus, epidemics, endemic and parasitic diseases.
Modern agriculture applies chemical fertilizers in large quantities, resulting in a large number of nitrate, sulfate, chloride and other inorganic residues in the soil. They destroy the physical and chemical properties of the soil, so that soil crusting and salinization, thus reducing crop yields. The use of pesticides makes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other organic substances settle in the soil, poisoning plants, animals and people.
Atmospheric soot and harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and radioactive dust are deposited in the soil naturally or with rain and snow. Harmful substances such as cadmium and lead in exhaust gases from smelters and automobile emissions are also adsorbed by the soil and cause pollution. Soil around factories and on both sides of highways is therefore most vulnerable to pollution.
In soil pollution heavy metal pollution causes the most harm. Chromium, manganese and nickel can also cause cancer in different parts of the body.
Excessive metal content in soil can also victimize plants. According to experiments, each kilogram of soil containing 20 milligrams of copper, wheat will die, up to 250 milligrams, rice will also die. More than 50 milligrams of zinc per kilogram of soil will affect the growth of crops.
Once soil is contaminated, its effects are hard to undo. Organic pesticides decompose very slowly, heavy metals do not decompose at all, and contaminated land, even in the case of no longer continue to pollute, within three to five years still contains high levels of harmful substances, and can be enriched through the food chain to jeopardize human beings. Therefore, plants on heavily polluted land are not only inedible, but also cannot be used as feed or fertilizer.
White pollution is disposable plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade. For example, the disposable foam fast cutlery and our commonly used plastic bags. It is very serious pollution of the environment, buried in the soil is difficult to decompose, will lead to a decline in soil capacity, if incineration will lead to atmospheric pollution, so now advocate not to use or less use of this material, the best to buy things from their own tools, to reduce its use.
I, "white pollution" of the current situation and its harm
Plastic products as a new type of material, lightweight, waterproof, durable, mature production technology, the advantages of low cost, in the world is widely used and is growing year by year. Plastic packaging materials in the world market growth rate is higher than other packaging materials, 1990-1995 plastic packaging materials, the average annual growth rate of 8.9%.
China is one of the world's top ten producers and consumers of plastic products. 1995, China's plastic production of 5.19 million tons of plastic into the day nearly 6 million tons of plastic, the country's total consumption of about 11 million tons of plastics, of which 2.11 million tons of plastic packaging. Most of the plastic for packaging in the form of waste film, plastic bags and Styrofoam tableware, was discarded in the environment. These waste plastic packaging scattered in urban areas, scenic tourist areas, bodies of water, both sides of the road, not only affect the landscape, causing "visual pollution", but also because of its difficulty in degradation of the ecological environment and potential hazards.
According to the survey, 3% of Beijing's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, totaling about 140,000 tons per year; 7% of Shanghai's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, totaling about 190,000 tons per year. Tianjin City, more than 100,000 tons of waste plastic packaging each year. Beijing annually discarded in the environment of plastic bags about 2.3 billion, disposable plastic tableware about 220 million, waste agricultural film about 6.75 million square meters. People jokingly referred to this as "the suburbs of a white blanket".
"White pollution", the main harm lies in the "visual pollution", and "potential harm":
1, "" visual pollution ". Visual pollution". In the city, tourist areas, water bodies and roadsides scattered waste plastic packaging to people's vision to bring adverse stimuli, affecting the city, the overall beauty of the landscape, damage to the cityscape, landscape, resulting in "visual pollution".
2, "potential harm". Waste plastic packaging into the environment, because it is difficult to degrade, resulting in long-term, deep ecological problems. First of all, waste plastic packaging materials mixed in the soil, affecting crop absorption of nutrients and water, will lead to crop yield reduction; Second, discarded on land or in the water body of waste plastic packaging materials, swallowed by animals as food, resulting in the death of animals (in the zoo, pastoral areas and the sea, such cases have been commonplace); Third, mixed into the living garbage in the waste plastic packaging materials is difficult to deal with: landfill disposal will be a long-term Thirdly, it is difficult to deal with plastic packaging mixed in household waste: landfill treatment will take up land for a long time, household waste mixed with plastic is not suitable for composting, and it is difficult to recycle the sorted out waste plastic because the quality cannot be guaranteed.
At present, people reflect the strong is mainly "visual pollution" problem, but for the waste plastic packaging long-term, deep "potential harm", most people still lack of understanding.
Two, domestic and foreign prevention and control of "white pollution" of the general practice
1, foreign prevention and control of "white pollution" of the situation
As early as 1985, the United States into the average consumption of plastic packaging has reached 23.4 kg, 20.1 kg in Japan, the average consumption of plastic packaging, and the average consumption of plastic packaging has reached 23.4 kg, 20.1 kg in Japan, the average consumption of plastic packaging has reached 23.4 kg. Kilograms, Japan 20.1 kilograms, Europe 15 kilograms. Into the nineties, the developed countries per capita consumption of plastic packaging more (China's 1995 per capita consumption of plastic packaging and other plastic products for 13.12 kilograms). From the consumption point of view, it seems that the developed countries, "white pollution" should be very serious, in fact, it is not. The reason for this is that the developed countries have long been strict attention to the management of the city, few people throw waste plastic packaging, the basic elimination of "visual pollution". Secondly, the harmless disposal rate of domestic waste in developed countries is higher. In the United States, for example, before the 80s, the main way to dispose of waste plastics is landfill, and later found that the plastic long-term non-degradation, after the nineties, they turned to the recycling of the road.
Now has established a set of strict classification and recycling system, most of the waste plastic packaging is recycled, a small portion of the conversion into energy or other ways of harmless disposal, but also basically eliminated the potential hazards of waste plastic packaging.
The United States has enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which makes clear provisions for solid waste management, resource recovery, resource conservation and other aspects of technical research, system construction and operation, and development planning. Ten states, such as California, Maine and New York, have introduced a deposit system for the recovery of packaging supplies. Japan in the "Renewable Energy Law", "Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Support Law", "Packaging Container Recycling Law" and other laws listed special provisions to promote manufacturers to simplify the packaging, and to clarify the manufacturers, sellers and consumers of their respective recycling obligations. Germany in the Circular Economy Act clearly stipulates that whoever manufactures, sells and consumes packaging items has the obligation to avoid generating, recycling and disposing of waste. Germany's Packaging Ordinance will be recycling, utilization and disposal of waste packaging materials obligations and the right to produce, sell and consume the goods linked to the obligation of recycling, utilization and disposal of the decomposition of the implementation of the obligations of the entire life cycle of goods and their packaging materials in various subtle links, and therefore has a strong operational and effective.
2, China's prevention and control of "white pollution" methods and their advantages and disadvantages
Currently, China began to take measures from the administrative and technical aspects of the prevention and control of "white pollution".
In the administrative aspect, one is to strengthen management. For example, society is more concerned about the railroad on both sides of the "white pollution" problem, by strengthening the management has made significant improvements. Railroad departments from the second half of 1994, in the line along the zoning section dry. Part of the passenger train using bags of garbage, prohibit passengers to the window to discard waste. Cabin crews are not as before, the trunk garbage directly swept out of the window, but the garbage bags unloaded at the station, by the station centralized treatment. At present, more and more trains are using bagged garbage, and the phenomenon of randomly throwing garbage out of the car is becoming less and less. There have been 29,000 kilometers of lines on both sides of the basic elimination of "white pollution". Practice has proved that strengthening management is an effective means of preventing and controlling "white pollution".
Second, the ban on the use of disposable plastic packaging difficult to degrade. Hangzhou is the first city in China to ban the use of disposable foam fast tableware. Hangzhou on September 15, 1995 by the City Sanitation Bureau, Bureau of Industry and Commerce, Bureau of Health jointly issued a "notice on the ban on the use of foam plastic fast food containers", will be published in the "Hangzhou Daily" for three consecutive days. In the course of implementation, the management found that some individual itinerant vendors are still selling Styrofoam tableware. Recently, the Standing Committee of the Hangzhou People's Congress passed the Regulations on the Management of Cityscape and Environmental Hygiene of Hangzhou, and Article 35 of the Regulations stipulates that it is prohibited to sell or use non-degradable disposable tableware made of Styrofoam. Violators are liable to a fine of 500 to 5,000 yuan. The Regulations will be implemented from September 15, 1997 onwards. Wuhan, Harbin, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shantou and other cities have also promulgated relevant policies and regulations to prohibit the local use of disposable Styrofoam tableware, through the adoption of the above measures, to a certain extent, to a certain extent, to reduce the harm of "white pollution". However, from the results of practice, it is difficult to completely solve the problem of "white pollution" by prohibiting it alone, and the cities that have enacted the ban are required to replace the original difficult-to-biodegrade Styrofoam products with paper products or biodegradable plastic products. However, the substitutes cannot compete with ordinary plastic products in terms of price and quality. Therefore, under the conditions of market economy, it is very difficult to operate only by administrative orders without considering the regulating effect of economic levers.
Third, mandatory recycling. Clean waste plastic packaging can be reused, or reused for granulation, oil refining, paint making, for construction materials and so on. Recycling is in line with the general principle of "minimization, resource utilization, harmlessness" of solid waste disposal. Recycling not only avoids "visual pollution", but also solves "potential hazards", eases the pressure on resources, reduces the load of municipal garbage disposal, saves land and achieves certain economic benefits. This is a good way to treat both symptoms and root causes. But recycling should be in the waste plastic packaging into the garbage before. Re-sorting waste plastic packaging from the landfill is not only time-consuming and laborious, but the utilization value of waste plastic is also very low. Because the sorted waste plastic products are too dirty, it is also difficult to classify them according to the material, and the quality cannot be guaranteed. On the basis of investigation and research, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Environmental Protection (BPEP) determined the technical route of "recycling as the mainstay, substitution as a supplement, differentiation and comprehensive prevention and control" On June 1, 1997, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Environmental Protection (BPEP) and Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce (BIAC) jointly issued the "Circular on the Recycling of Discarded Disposable Plastic Meal Containers," which required that the production and distribution of disposable plastic meal containers in Beijing be carried out in the following ways. Beijing, units or individuals producing and distributing disposable plastic tableware (including trays, bowls, cups, etc.) must be responsible for the recycling of discarded tableware, or they can entrust other units to do so. The Circular also stipulates that the recycling rate must reach 30% in 1998, 50% in 1999 and 60% in 2000. Immediately after the release of the Circular, production and distribution units and individuals went to the local environmental protection department to declare their registration and put forward their recycling plans and specific guarantee measures. This is a breakthrough for Beijing to solve the problem of "white pollution". After achieving effective results, it will gradually increase the types and proportion of mandatory recycling of waste plastic products, and ultimately eliminate "white pollution". Tianjin Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau has completed the "Tianjin Prevention and Control of "White Pollution" Project Feasibility Study Report", which puts forward a set of prevention and control programs, and determines that through recycling and reuse to achieve the purpose of saving resources and eliminating pollution. At present, it is formulating the "Recycling Plan", "Pilot Work Operation Chart" and "Pilot Work Progress Outline", and preparing for the establishment of the "Tianjin White Pollution Prevention and Control Project". Tianjin 'white pollution' prevention and control industry association".
In terms of technology, one is to take paper instead of plastic. The main ingredient of paper is natural plant cellulose, easy to be discarded by the microbial decomposition of the soil, so it can solve the "potential hazards", but will also bring new environmental problems: first of all, papermaking requires a lot of wood, and China's forest resources are not rich; secondly, the process of papermaking will bring water pollution. In addition, in terms of performance, cost, paper products can not yet compete with plastic products. At present, China also has a sugar cane stalks, straw as raw materials for the production of disposable tableware practice, but still in the experimental stage.
The second is the use of biodegradable plastics. In the production process of plastic packaging products to add a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photosensitizers, biodegradable agents, etc.), so that the stability of the plastic packaging material is reduced, easier to degrade in the natural environment. At present, there are 19 units developing or producing degradable plastics in Beijing. Tests have shown that most degradable plastics begin to thin, lose weight, lose strength, and gradually crack into fragments after 3 months of exposure in the general environment. If these fragments are buried in garbage or soil, the degradation effect is not obvious. There are four shortcomings in the use of biodegradable plastics: first, more food consumption; second, the use of biodegradable plastic products can still not completely eliminate the "visual pollution"; third, due to technical reasons, the use of biodegradable plastic products can not completely solve the "potential harm" to the environment; fourth, the use of biodegradable plastic products can not completely solve the "potential harm" to the environment; fourth, the use of biodegradable plastic products can not be completely eliminated. Third, due to technical reasons, the use of degradable plastic products can not completely solve the "potential hazards" to the environment; Fourth, degradable plastics contain special additives and are difficult to recycle.
Three, China's "white pollution" in the treatment of existing problems
China in the prevention and treatment of "white pollution" in the main problems are:
1, there is no national specialized regulations
Prevention and control of "white pollution" can not rely solely on the conscientiousness of enterprises or individuals, there should be mandatory measures to constrain the behavior of citizens and catering, transportation and other industry staff. For example, the requirements of enterprises or individuals on their own production, operation, consumption activities in the generation of waste plastic packaging for recycling; on the arbitrary abandonment, waste plastic packaging behavior to be punished, and so on. But so far, China has not formulated national regulations in this regard.
2, the lack of relevant economic policies
To mobilize the recycling of waste plastic packaging, processing, use of enterprise enthusiasm, the need to give these enterprises to preferential policies. Existing comprehensive utilization of preferential policies are not yet sufficient to make the waste plastic packaging materials recycling industry to form a benign market mechanism. In order not to increase the burden on the government, while reflecting the "polluter pays" principle, should be required to generate waste recycling, can not be recycled enterprises or individuals to pay recycling fees for the recycling of compensation. This practice has been more common in foreign countries, China, there is no such economic policy.
3, the management of the work can not keep up
Cities, scenic tourist areas, traffic arteries, waters of the "white pollution" is mainly caused by ineffective management. Catering, commercial, railroad, water transport sector of the business activities generated by the waste plastic packaging did not take strict management measures, allowing customers to throw directly on the ground or in the water, and even some of the staff have been collected and discarded to the waste outside the car window or water. City streets and tourist areas of supporting facilities are not sound, shopping malls, restaurants, parks and other busy areas of the density of garbage bins is too low, not yet set up a classification of waste garbage cans. Although the city sanitation department has regulations to prohibit littering waste, but the law enforcement and inspection of fewer people, there is no law, the phenomenon of prohibition is more common.
4, management ideas are not unified.
China's considerable areas of "white pollution" is not enough to recognize the dangers, the prevention and control of "white pollution" has not been put on the agenda. Some places advocate the use of paper instead of plastic or the use of biodegradable plastics to solve the "white pollution", some areas advocate recycling to solve the problem, the management of the idea is not unified.
5, people's environmental awareness also rely on further enhancement
City residents of environmental protection concepts than in previous years have improved, began to pay attention to environmental issues, but has not yet been implemented into their own actions, discarded waste, indiscriminate dumping, indiscriminate piling of waste plastic packaging behavior can be seen everywhere. News media reports on "white pollution" are mostly focused on paper instead of plastic and the use of biodegradable plastics and other technologies, the lack of guidance and education on the daily behavior of residents. Plastic packaging production, business units and consumers have no sense of responsibility, neither the internal motivation to fulfill their obligations, but also the external pressure to recycle, use and dispose of waste plastic packaging.
Four, the prevention and control of "white pollution" countermeasures
Summarize the domestic and foreign practical experience in the prevention and control of "white pollution," combined with the current "white pollution" Combined with the current situation of "white pollution" and its management problems, China's prevention and control of "white pollution" should follow the principle of "publicity and education as the guide, to strengthen management as the core, recycling as the main means to alternative products as a complementary measure".
Prevention of "white pollution", first of all, to solve the "visual pollution" problem, so that the city, the landscape has improved significantly. This is mainly rely on publicity and education, guide the public to form good habits; at the same time to strengthen the management of the law, to promote enterprises and individuals into their own waste plastic packaging materials properly collected and disposed of. Prevention and control of "white pollution", it is more important to solve the waste plastic packaging on the ecological environment of long-term, deep-rooted harm. This is mainly through the development and implementation of recycling-friendly regulations and economic policies, the implementation of comprehensive recycling of waste plastic packaging; prevention and treatment of "white pollution", should also strengthen the research and development of alternative (green) packaging supplies in line with the actual. Now on the acceleration of China's prevention and control of "white pollution" process to put forward the following countermeasures:
1, strengthen publicity and education. Prevention and control of "white pollution" is a systematic project, need all sectors, industries **** with efforts, need the whole society and the active participation of all citizens. To vigorously carry out publicity and education to improve people's understanding of the harm of "white pollution", improve the environmental awareness of society as a whole, and educate people to develop good hygiene habits. In their own strict compliance with environmental regulations at the same time, actively stop the bad behavior around.
2, unified ideological understanding, strengthen management. In accordance with the "publicity and education as the guide, to strengthen management as the core, recycling as the main means to alternative products as a complementary measure" principle of prevention and control, one is to strengthen the "white pollution" harmful publicity, guide and educate the public to consciously prevent and control the "white pollution", "white pollution", "white pollution", "white pollution", "white pollution", "white pollution", "white pollution" and "white pollution". "White pollution"; second, a large number of waste plastic packaging industries (such as railroads, water transport, civil aviation, tourism, hotels, restaurants, catering, retail, etc.), to strengthen the management, to change the phenomenon of no one is responsible for the disordered piling, randomly discarded; third, to take mandatory measures from the recovery of centralized generation of waste plastic packaging (such as disposable foam lunch boxes), progressive recycling, and the use of alternative products. Foam lunch box) to start, and gradually improve the recycling rate of waste plastic packaging; four is to strengthen the development of alternative packaging products, research, and efforts to reduce the amount of waste plastic packaging, etc..
3, as soon as possible to formulate and promulgate national prevention and control of "white pollution" of the relevant laws and regulations, clear producers, sellers and consumers recycling of waste plastic packaging obligations and legal responsibilities. Should be the production of plastic packaging, business, consumption and other links, respectively, to develop specific control measures and guidance policies to control the amount of waste plastic packaging is not easy to recycle, encourage to improve the recycling rate of waste plastic packaging.
4, the development of appropriate economic policies, the establishment of a benign mechanism for the elimination of "white pollution" under the conditions of the market economy. The use of economic means to encourage and promote the waste plastic packaging "reduction, resource utilization, harmless", saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, prevention and treatment of "white pollution", to protect the ecological environment.
I have a suggestion, but you have to invest a sum of money, because now people's daily trading with a lot of plastic, especially plastic wear, we can promote the use of cloth bags of good habits, so you can do this publicity, release bags.
Electronic waste comes in all shapes and sizes, including computers, cell phones, televisions, video recorders, tape recorders, copiers, fax machines, VCD machines and more, and improperly disposed of these products can make them potentially dangerous waste. For example, mercury in e-waste can cause toxic brain damage, cadmium can cause kidney poisoning, can cause allergies asthma bronchitis, DNA damage and other serious consequences.
In the face of 20 to 30 days of cell phone updates, 18 months of computer upgrades, as well as the proliferation of LCD monitors and rear-projection televisions, are you ready to or have you already updated your consumer electronics? At this time, have you thought about what to do with the old products you have eliminated? Now more and more discarded electronic products become garbage, unknowingly affecting our lives.
What is e-waste, although there is no clear technical standards to determine, but generally speaking, has been discarded or can no longer use the electronic products are e-waste. For example: end-of-life television sets, out of the old computer, old refrigerators, microwave ovens, discarded cell phones and so on. When the number of these e-waste is increasing, its harm will appear.
There are many types of e-waste, the composition is complex, which contains a lot of toxic materials. The picture tubes of the televisions we watch every day contain explosive waste and a lot of heavy metal elements. A near-end-of-life 21-inch color TV, its tube has about 1 kg of lead, most of which is contained in the production of the tube in the glass material, so the overdue use of the TV in addition to the image quality is not good, increase power consumption, like a "hidden in the home of the killer", at any time to disseminate the possible human body The TV is a "hidden killer" that emits substances that can cause harm to the human body at any time.
Outdated or end-of-life computers are even more harmful than televisions. It takes more than 700 chemicals to make a PC, more than half of which are harmful to the human body, and when these chemicals are not recycled properly, the pollution to the environment is even greater.
In our country, due to economic development, a large portion of the old electronic products that people have eliminated are still of great value for use in other areas. These can still be used in the old electrical appliances, old computers through the old goods trading market into the rural or economically underdeveloped areas, most of the other can not be used into the illegal dismantling of small workshops. But this is not the final destination of e-waste. Waste computers, televisions and other electronic waste after simple crushing, grinding and other processes, put into a strong acid solution dissolved, copper, silver, tin and other precious metals will be extracted, those "treated" waste has no use, it is discharged into the natural world, resulting in air, soil and groundwater sources of serious pollution, damage to the environment is simply the The damage to the environment is simply shocking.
Home appliances and electronic products, which used to be so popular, have now become e-waste --- how to deal with this e-waste? Where is their better "home"? In foreign countries, has established a corresponding electronic waste recycling system and laws. Enterprises in the production of products at the same time to assume responsibility for the recovery of electronic waste, and electronic waste dismantling has formed a very professional division of labor. The recycling rate of electronic waste in the United States is more than 90%. Finland's electronic waste treatment plant, can realize the complete environmental protection recycling, will not cause pollution to the environment. The practices of these developed countries are worthy of our consideration and reference.
The hazards of garbage
The large amount of garbage produced by human beings not only encroach on the land, clogging the rivers and lakes, hindering hygiene, and affecting the landscape, endangering the growth of crops and human health.
The first serious danger of garbage is that it encroaches on a large amount of land. For example, the United States for the landfill, and caused the north and south to start a "garbage war"; China's Beijing is the third ring road and the fourth ring road between the garbage on more than 7,000 acres of land.
The second is the pollution of farmland. Garbage fertilizer caused soil slagging, and slagging soil than normal soil loss of water per mu per day 0.5 - 1 tons. There is a metallurgical plant in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the soil in the vicinity generates plants containing 80--200 times more lead than normal plants, and 26--80 times more throughout the year.
Third is the pollution of groundwater, mines, iron and steel mills and other emissions of industrial slag, containing a lot of harmful substances, such as arsenic, mercury, lead, chromium, etc., these harmful substances sun and rain, will penetrate into the ground, so that the groundwater is polluted.
Fourth, pollution of the atmosphere. Industrial waste residue in some organic substances, can be at a certain temperature through biological decomposition to produce a bad smell, thereby polluting the atmosphere.
Fifth, the spread of disease, household waste contains germs, parasites, if used directly as fertilizer, people eat the fertilizer vegetables, fruits and vegetables, you may get infectious diseases.
With the development of the economy, people's lives improve, urban garbage piled up into a mountain. Garbage disposal has become an urgent problem in the urban environment finalization. This requires us to raise the issue of recycling of garbage.