exploration of scientific mode of food safety supervision [2119-18-12 16:56] Abstract: Food safety is directly related to people's health and life safety, and also affects the development of national economy and the maintenance of social stability. However, in recent years, food safety incidents have occurred frequently throughout the country, indicating that China's food safety is in a period of high risk and prominent contradictions. How to realize scientific and effective supervision of food safety and ensure people's food safety has attracted unprecedented attention and attention from all walks of life. This paper analyzes many problems existing in food safety supervision in China, and actively explores a practical, practical and effective scientific supervision model.
Keywords: food safety; Supervision mode
Food safety incidents emerge one after another, affecting the nerves of countless people. Food safety has become the focus of many consecutive sessions of the "two sessions", but it has not achieved remarkable results. It is true that food safety supervision is a complex and systematic task, which can not be separated from the cooperation and cooperation of many factors such as public participation awareness, corporate integrity and self-discipline. The lack of these supporting forces is the reason that leads to the food safety crisis. However, the major defects in the current food safety supervision system are the fundamental crux.
1 The current situation and problems of food safety supervision in China
1.1 The hidden dangers of food safety in China
(1) Source pollution. The pollution problem of food raw materials is serious in the process of planting and breeding. The current situation of planting and aquaculture in China is mostly based on farmers, which is widely dispersed and difficult to supervise. It is difficult to effectively curb the illegal use of illegal pesticides and toxic and harmful additives, resulting in serious pesticide residues in agricultural products exceeding the standard. On the one hand, food poisoning incidents caused by pesticides and veterinary drugs occur from time to time, such as eating fruits and vegetables sprayed with organophosphorus pesticides and clenbuterol food poisoning; At the same time, it also laid a safety hazard for the food processed with these agricultural raw materials. In addition, environmental pollution is also a pollution factor that cannot be ignored.
(2) pollution during processing and storage. Due to the short development time of China's food industry, the existing basic equipment of food processing is backward, most enterprises are small in scale, and traditional or manual workshop production is still adopted. The mechanization and standardization of food production and processing are low, and the health awareness of employees is poor, which makes food polluted by many harmful substances during processing and storage, which is the main factor causing food poisoning. Especially in crowded dining places, such as student canteens, construction sites and other collective dining places, if the processing conditions and infrastructure are simple and lack of necessary sanitary facilities, it is easy to cause collective food poisoning.
(3) The phenomenon of making and selling fake goods is rampant. At present, China is in the stage of economic transition. Driven by interests, some lawless elements adulterate and abuse food additives, and even process food with non-food raw materials and toxic and harmful substances. Major food safety cases in recent years, such as infant poisoning caused by inferior milk powder in Fuyang, soaking Jinhua ham with dichlorvos during processing, and adding Sudan Red No.1 to Chili sauce, all belong to this category.
1.2 China's current food safety supervision system
China's food safety supervision involves many law enforcement subjects such as food and drug supervision, health, agriculture and animal husbandry, commerce, industry and commerce, quality supervision and inspection, customs and environment. At present, China's food safety supervision adopts the principle of "one supervision link is supervised by one department" and adopts the mode of "subsection supervision is the main one, supplemented by variety supervision". That is, the agricultural sector (including forestry, animal husbandry, aquaculture and food industry, etc.) is responsible for the supervision of the production of primary agricultural products; The quality supervision department is responsible for the supervision of food production and processing; The industrial and commercial department is responsible for the supervision of food circulation; The health department is responsible for the supervision of consumption links such as restaurants and canteens; The customs department is responsible for the supervision of food import and export; The commercial department is responsible for the supervision of the food supply industry; The food and drug supervision department is responsible for the comprehensive supervision, organization and coordination of food safety and the organization and investigation of major accidents according to law. This "subsection supervision" model has initially formed a chain of food safety supervision in China and formed the basic pattern of food safety supervision in China at this stage.
1.3 defects of China's food safety supervision system
the defects highlighted by the compartmentalized supervision system are very obvious. The confusion of regulatory agencies has made the food safety regulatory system full of loopholes and greatly reduced its effectiveness. Under such a regulatory pattern, food safety incidents occur frequently, and it is foreseeable that the regulatory authorities are unable to cope with the results.
(1) The division of responsibilities and division of labor is unclear. There are many ways to enforce the law, and the supervision functions overlap and the departments are constrained from time to time. The overlapping of powers and responsibilities and the emergence of a vacuum of responsibility are inevitable, and the phenomenon of wrangling and shirking is common. It is impossible to achieve a clear division of labor and coordination with each other, and it is difficult to form a joint force in food safety supervision.
(2) Lack of unified leadership and difficulties in communication and coordination. Because there is no unified leadership and planning, all departments enforce the law separately, and the laws, regulations, departmental rules and monitoring standards on which food safety is supervised are different, lacking authority. In addition, poor communication and coordination can not optimize the allocation of resources, resulting in huge waste, and can not play the overall maximum effect.
(3) Lack of effective accountability system. Because the law has not formed an effective accountability system for dereliction of duty, there are widespread phenomena of "lax enforcement" and "failure to investigate violations" in current food safety supervision. 2 Exploration and assumption of new scientific supervision mode
According to a research result of American Academy of Sciences, an effective food safety supervision system should include the following contents:
It should be based on science, emphasizing risk analysis and prevention, so as to focus resources and work on the risks with the greatest potential impact; Based on a clear, reasonable and scientific (risk-based) national food legal system; Carry out comprehensive supervision and monitoring activities as the basis of risk analysis; At the central level, there is an authoritative voice responsible for food safety and has the power and resources to implement the central policy (based on science) in all central actions related to food safety; Give full play to the responsibilities and important roles of local governments, trade associations and consumers in the food safety system; Have sufficient funds necessary to realize its functions.
China's food safety supervision must start from the existing practical problems, break through the shackles of the old system and establish a brand-new scientific supervision model on the basis of drawing lessons from existing research results.
2.1 Incorporate the law enforcement function and establish an authoritative, unified and efficient food safety supervision system
Give the supervision function of the whole food safety chain to the food and drug supervision and management department, and uniformly exercise the function of comprehensive food safety supervision. The State Food and Drug Administration, empowered by law, is affiliated to the State Council, which is directly under the Bureau of the State Council, and is responsible for the vertical management of the national food safety work. Direct legal supervision over the whole process of food planting, production and processing, market circulation and catering consumption. Its main functions are: to formulate and revise laws and regulations on food safety supervision and supervise their implementation; Drafting, revising and promulgating legal standards for food; To formulate and revise food planting (breeding quality), production quality, management quality and food hygiene quality standards and supervise their implementation; Issuing licenses for food production enterprises, business enterprises and catering industry according to law; To supervise, identify and sample the food quality and hygiene quality of food planting (breeding), production and processing, management and catering industry, and issue the national food safety and quality bulletin; Investigate and deal with acts and persons responsible for making, selling fake and inferior food according to law, and supervise food markets; Review food advertisements, be responsible for the administrative protection of food, and guide the business work of national food inspection and testing institutions. After the formation of a vertical supervision mechanism for food safety supervision, it can effectively avoid all kinds of disadvantages in the past, such as multiple policies, multiple law enforcement, mutual restraint between law enforcement departments, overlapping functions and powers, inefficient work, serious waste of resources, and ineffective crackdown on illegal incidents suspected of food safety, thus truly forming an authoritative, unified and efficient food safety supervision work pattern. Establish an administrative law enforcement system for food safety supervision with high efficiency, coordinated operation, standardized behavior, smooth government orders and supervision in place.
2.2 Establish a food safety monitoring and operation mechanism with scientific planning, reasonable configuration and unified management
First, we must properly supervise the source. Give full play to the ability and advantages of testing institutions, carry out inspection and testing of vegetables, bean products, meat and other products in primary agricultural products, food processing and production, breeding and farmers' markets, and make timely announcements through the media.
second, we should do a typical demonstration. Carefully organize and carry out the activities of establishing food safety and integrity enterprises, and announce the food safety and integrity commitments of enterprises participating in the activities to the public through the media, and please supervise them. Enterprises that reflect well in society will be promoted as typical demonstrations. The participating enterprises shall be assessed in good faith, and the integrity contact files shall be established. For enterprises with good reputation, all functional departments shall reduce the number of inspections, expose enterprises with poor reputation and cancel their integrity qualifications.
Third, we must strictly examine the management system. "Enterprise is the first person responsible for food safety". Strengthen the assessment and management of food safety and quality in enterprises, urge enterprises to strengthen the construction of food quality inspection departments, equip necessary quality inspection technicians and testing equipment, strengthen food safety training, and improve the quality and safety management system.
fourth, we should advocate standardized management of enterprises. While strengthening food safety supervision, all functional departments advocate, encourage and support qualified enterprises to promote the establishment of good manufacturing practices (GMP), good hygiene practices (GHP) and hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) systems.
Fifth, we should increase the publicity of food safety knowledge. Consumers themselves are the last line of defense to ensure food safety. Strengthening the propaganda of food safety knowledge, popularizing the basic knowledge of food safety and raising consumers' awareness of food safety are the last barriers to improve the food safety monitoring mechanism. Through the consumer's post supervision, the food that does not meet the safety standards will be withdrawn from the market.
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