If your product is an item, the audience can directly hold and use your item, that is, goods/goods in the usual sense, then your business model is very simple, basically four routines:

1. Self-production and marketing: self-production and marketing, direct sales to users.

2. Outsourcing production and self-marketing: outsourcing production links and selling them directly to users.

3, only production, not sales: responsible for their own production, sales to dealers.

4. Only sell, not produce: act as a distributor or provide a trading market for selling goods.

Amazon, JD.COM and other e-commerce websites are the fourth business model.

If your product is not an object and the audience can't directly hold and use it, how can you make money? Let's take a look at the business model under the so-called internet thinking.

Second, advertising.

Since Google began to put advertisements next to search results, advertisements have become the default preferred monetization method in the Internet industry. In fact, advertising was originally the main business model of print media, and now the internet industry has completely robbed the limelight in the advertising field.

5. Exhibition advertisements: The general forms of exhibition advertisements include text, banner pictures, banner banners, text links, pop-up windows, etc. Fees are usually charged according to the location and time of the exhibition, which is what we call monthly advertisements or weekly advertisements. This is the most common target mode.

6. advertising alliance: advertising alliance is an advertising agency in the form of Internet. Advertisers post advertisements on advertising alliance, and advertising alliance pushes advertisements to various websites or apps. Baidu Alliance and Google AdSense are the two biggest advertising alliance. Basically, when the website traffic has not reached a certain level, they will choose to cooperate with advertising alliance. Only with a certain amount of traffic, will they establish a cooperative relationship directly with the determined advertisers. Advertising alliance generally charges according to the number of clicks on advertisements.

7. E-commerce advertisement: The most common one is Ali's mother. JD.COM, Amazon and Dangdang all had their own e-commerce advertisements, which made Ke Fan suddenly popular that year. These advertisements are usually paid on a commission basis. Many shopping guide websites rely entirely on this income, especially Haitao shopping guide website, which will access advertisements of various overseas shopping websites, and the commission is quite good.

8. Soft text: Soft text refers to the perfect combination of advertising content and article content, so that users can get what they want when reading articles and understand the content of advertisements. Many media websites, such as Weibo and WeChat, make money from soft articles.

9. Virtual products for advertising effect: Virtual products can also be provided for users, but the price is that users must accept certain advertisements, such as watching an advertisement, registering users of a website, and downloading an App.

10, user behavior data: By analyzing the user's operation mode on your website or app, you can analyze the user's habits and psychology, which is conducive to making correct decisions in product design and business planning. Many enterprises need this kind of data about users' habits, so they can sell this kind of data. Taobao data magic provides such services, such as telling you where there are any goods, what styles and what sizes are most popular with users.

Third, the trading platform model.

1 1, physical trading platform: users trade goods on your platform, pay through your platform, and you collect commissions from them. Tmall is the largest physical trading platform, and Tmall's commission is its main source of income.

12, service trading platform: users provide and accept services on your platform, pay through your platform, and you receive commissions from it. This is how the Witkey Platform Pig Bajie collects commissions. Uber's profit model is also the commission of the driver's fare.

13. Deposit fund mode: users save funds on your platform, and you can use these deposited funds to earn return on investment income. The traditional retail industry uses the account period to press the supplier's payment, just to make money with the deposited funds. Now the internet industry is also using this routine. It is said that JD.COM made money by this kind of precipitation. Many Internet finance companies and O2O companies also pin their hopes on this model.

Fourth, charge users directly.

In addition to advertising, another big business model is to charge users directly. Of course. If you charge in advance, it is likely to scare away users. So we need some clever methods.

14. Regular payment model: This business model is similar to the monthly payment of mobile phone bills, and the service is obtained by regular payment within a certain period of time. Compared with the direct purchase of software by one-time payment, the single payment amount paid regularly is relatively small, so the threshold for users to pay is relatively low. For example, QQ membership is a monthly/annual payment model, and the current price is almost 10Q coins per month.

15. Pay-on-demand: Pay-on-demand means that users only need to pay the corresponding fees when actually purchasing services. For example, if you see a movie you want to watch in iQiyi, you can only watch this one for 5 yuan, which means pay as you go. If you buy a VIP user of iQiyi, all members can watch movies for a period of time for free, which is a regular payment mode. For another example, I want to find a document I need most in Daokebaba, and it costs 5 yuan to download it (5 yuan anyway). I can download this file after paying with WeChat.

16. printer mode: the business mode of a printer refers to a basic device, such as a printer, which is first sold to consumers at a very cheap price. If users want to use this equipment, they must continue to buy other accessories, such as consumables, which are relatively expensive. Razors also adopt a similar business model. The price of the tool rest is almost free, and then they make money by selling blades. For another example, the same is true of home game consoles. Sony and Nintendo sell game consoles below cost, and then sell game CDs at high prices. Because Japanese printer company Epson first adopted this business model, I call it printer model.

Five, free value-added model

The business model of free value-added is to let some users use products for free, while others buy value-added services to earn back costs and profits through paid capital increase services. For products that generally adopt free value-added mode, only 0.5- 1% of free users may be converted into paying users.

17, the number of free use is limited: users can use this model for free within a certain number of times, and they will have to pay if they exceed this number.

18, the number of free users is limited: this mode means that the number of users is within a certain number, that is, free. If the number of users exceeds this limit, there will be a charge. For example, many enterprise email services, if your company registers a domain name, intend to use this domain name as your enterprise email; Enterprise e-mail service providers can require no more than 5 free e-mail addresses, and more than 5 e-mail addresses are needed to purchase their services.

19, limiting the functions that free users can use: free users can only use a few functions, and if they want to use all the functions, they have to pay. For example, the Evernote I use now has been reminding me that I don't need to upgrade these days. After the upgrade, I can upload larger attachments every month and add passwords to my notes. I want both of these functions, but I haven't decided whether it is worth spending money to open them.

20. In-app purchase: downloading and using the app is free, but you can pay for specific functions during the use. The most common is games, such as buying virtual equipment or props. Another example is to buy a paid label on WeChat.

2 1, free trial period: users can use a certain initial period for free, and they will have to pay after the trial period. For example, my current office reminds me every day that the trial period of the free version will expire in XX days, so let me activate it quickly. Activation means buying a genuine activation code. Now I am worried about where to find the activation code.

22. The core functions are free, and other functions are charged: many apps in the appstore are in this mode, and a product is divided into a free version and a paid version. The free version has all the basic functions, but if you want to get more functions, you have to charge. For example, the photo processing application, the free version has several basic filter effects, which is almost enough, but if you want a more dazzling and cool filter, you must download the paid version.

23. The core functions are free, and they are diverted to other paid services: for example, WeChat and WeChat chat are all free, but many other services built into WeChat, such as games, payment, JD.COM and Didi Taxi, may all be charged.

24. Organize activities: gather popularity through free services, and then organize various offline activities, where you can get advertisements or sponsorship, or sell goods or services. For example, many media make money by organizing offline industry summits. Other local communities will organize offline fairs and recommendation meetings, such as decoration fairs and wedding photography exhibitions, to sell goods or services.

Therefore, since there are so many business models to choose from on the Internet, entrepreneurs need not care too much about this issue. Strive to make products and stick to more users. The number of users has reached a certain level. You can make money by choosing the right business model.