1, the basic method of fire fighting:

▲ Cooling fire extinguishing: extinguishing general solid fire with water, mainly through cooling. Water can absorb a lot of heat, so that the temperature of the burning substance decreases rapidly and eventually stops burning.

▲ Asphyxiation fire extinguishing: The gases used to reduce the oxygen concentration are carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor. Dilution concentration fire extinguishing method is mostly used in closed or semi-closed spaces. For example, put out the fire with a fire blanket.

▲ Isolation and fire fighting: the combustible substance is isolated from the fire source and oxygen, and the combustion reaction automatically stops. If foam extinguisher is used to put out the fire.

▲ Chemical suppression and fire extinguishing: If the concentration of H, OH and O in the flame is rapidly reduced by chemical reaction, the combustion will stop, and many fire extinguishing agents can play such a role, such as dry powder fire extinguishing agents.

2, portable dry powder fire extinguisher usage:

When in use, first turn the fire extinguisher up and down several times to loosen the dry powder, then pull out the safety pin, hold the spray nozzle in one hand and the handle in the other, lift the machine body, press the handle, and aim the spray nozzle at the root of the fire source for strafing.

Scope of application: suitable for initial fires of oil, paint and electrical equipment. ※.

3. How to use fire hydrants: (Fire hydrants are forbidden to put out the fire in case of oil fire)

How to use:

First, open the fire hydrant door → smash the alarm device with a hammer;

▲ Automatic fire hose reel: take out the hose → unscrew the valve switch of the reel → turn on the faucet on the hose → aim at the fire source to extinguish the fire.

▲ Hose type: generally, it takes 2-3 people to use the fire hydrant → take out the fire hose → connect the fire hydrant interface at one end → connect the nozzle at the other end → unscrew the valve switch → grab the nozzle and aim at the fire source to extinguish the fire.

4. How to report the fire in case of fire?

Keep calm in case of fire, and explain the following contents concisely and accurately when calling "1 19":

A, tell the exact geographical location of the fire, including city (county), town, block (village), road (agency), house number and unit name; At the same time, inform the alarm person's name, contact telephone number, address and work unit.

Note: use magnetic card phone to dial directly, don't use ic card, and don't add area code to mobile phone;

B, detailed description of the basic situation of the fire, such as the time of the fire, what substances were burned, the size of the fire, whether there are important items, what important buildings or stations and parks are around, and where it is convenient for fire engines to enter.

C, patiently answer the questions of "1 19" police officers; After the alarm, you should leave someone by the phone, or carry your mobile phone with you, and pay attention to incoming calls so as to contact the fire department at any time; Notify the "1 19" fire alarm station in time in case of any new situation.

D, don't just wait at the scene of the fire after the alarm, should immediately send someone to the main intersection to meet firefighters, lead the way.

5, emergency broadcast language:

1) Language for notifying volunteer firefighters to go to the fire site: Attention, all employees and all "FI" personnel should go to the ×××× area of the building immediately! (broadcast twice in a row, after hearing the above language, the volunteer firemen will go to the fire scene to put out the fire) "fi"-fire, fire (volunteer firemen)

2) Release the red team language: * * Please pay attention to all employees in the supermarket. Now the Red Team is on. Please take your positions immediately and implement everything as planned! (Broadcast twice, and all personnel will organize evacuation immediately after hearing the above broadcast)

3) Language for notifying customers and employees to evacuate:

A, please pay attention to the customers and employees at the scene. The power supply in the mall will be cut off. Please put down the goods at the scene and leave the mall quickly through the safety exit under the guidance of employees! (Played 2 times in a row)

B.now the power supply in the mall will be cut off. Please follow the emergency exit sign and leave the mall from the nearest emergency exit. Please don't crowd each other to avoid injury!

Basic knowledge of elimination and prevention

1. The oil pan in the kitchen is on fire: (gas and electricity are cut off, so you should be familiar with the position of the air valve and the main switch of power supply and master its control method skillfully).

When the oil pan is on fire, don't panic, turn off the gas switch quickly, cover the pan with a pot cover to put out the fire, or pour the vegetables into the pan. Never use water to put out the fire, and don't pour oil into other utensils or on the ground.

2, liquefied petroleum gas fire:

Close the air valve quickly and cut off the leaking air source. If it is temporarily impossible to shut down due to fire, fire extinguishing equipment should be covered with fire blankets or wet sacks and quilts made of asbestos. Then close the air valve, extinguish the flames of other combustibles with water, and cool the gas cylinder with water. If necessary, the gas cylinder can be moved to a safe place.

3, electrical fire:

After the electrical appliance catches fire, disconnect the power supply first, and then use dry powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent to put out the fire on the line. When it is determined that there is no electricity in the circuit, water can be used to extinguish the fire.

4, the safe use of gas:

(1) Before entering the gas operation room and the gas stove for ignition, smell whether there is the peculiar smell of gas leakage in the room. If there is gas leakage, emergency measures should be taken immediately, such as opening the window, opening the exhaust fan, increasing the ventilation volume, and it is forbidden to turn on the light and use open flames.

(2) When using the gas appliance, the operator must take care of it at the scene, so that "people can't leave the fire, and fire can't leave people", and they are not allowed to leave their posts without authorization.

(3) Ensure that the gas operation room is well ventilated, and other flammable items cannot be stored around the kitchen.

(4) After the daily business, the gas appliances shall be inspected for safety, and the gas cylinders must be closed before leaving.

(5) The gas user department shall regularly check the safety of gas pipelines and gas appliances, and put an end to potential safety hazards caused by damage and misoperation of facilities and equipment. If damage or corrosion is found, maintenance service and temporary and effective protective measures should be taken immediately, and report to the engineering department in time until the hidden danger is eliminated.

(6) Gas operators should be familiar with the gas safety operation procedures before taking up their posts, so as to achieve "two knowledge and three skills" (two knowledge: knowing the regulations for safe use of gas; Understand the structure of gas appliance. Three meetings: safe operation and use; Can maintain gas appliances; Will find hidden dangers and deal with sudden dangers. )

(7) gas appliance must be used in strict accordance with the operating procedures, especially the ignition procedure, and the operation should be carried out in the order of ignition first and then gas opening.

(8) gas appliance should carry out daily cleaning and maintenance, cleaning gas appliance every day and cleaning the exhaust pipe and oil net every month, so as to avoid excessive oil accumulation and fire accidents.

Case teaching and training

The chimney in the cooked food area of Liduofu Supermarket in Nanping Road, Fuzhou caught fire.

Smoke billowed from the supermarket.

The supermarket chimney is on fire.

The customer threw down the basket and ran like crazy.

It was all caused by the failure to clean up the oil in time.

2006 1 February 2 1 Lidofu Supermarket in Nanping Road, Fuzhou

Event record: According to a witness at the scene, she was buying vegetables in the supermarket when she suddenly saw a flame coming out of the cooked food area, and then a white smoke rushed out and filled the whole supermarket. "Fire, fire!" She was so scared that she threw down the basket and ran out.

According to the fire officers and soldiers, the fire broke out in the chimney of the supermarket cooked food area. In this regard, the supermarket staff said that the fire was mainly caused by the thick oil in the chimney not being cleaned up in time, which led to the blockage of the smoke outlet, and they would quickly send someone to clean it up.

In view of the above incidents, we should draw inferences from others and take relevant precautions:

1. Departments that use naked flames must adhere to the principle of "people can't leave the fire, and fire can't leave people", and it is forbidden for people to leave the fire.

2. The cooked food group should clean the range hood, exhaust pipe and outdoor fume purifier once every two weeks, and make cleaning records at the same time, and accept the supervision of the loss prevention department and the engineering department.

3. The engineering department shall regularly check the power supply lines in the processing room and mark the power switch.

4, loss prevention department to strengthen the daily fire safety inspection, to ensure that the key parts of the fire is always in a state of monitoring.

5. All departments should be very familiar with the fire emergency equipment and facilities in their respective areas, and skillfully use fire extinguishers and hydrants.

6. Any employee should know how to put out the first fire.

7, understand the oil pan, electrical appliances, gas and other dangerous goods fire treatment.

Conclusion:

Safety is very important and we must take it seriously.

Every employee has the responsibility and obligation to eliminate unsafe factors when they find them, and should report them to relevant departments in time for prevention.

Your findings or suggestions are of great help to us, and your thoughts or findings are likely to help the mall prevent an unfortunate incident or a costly accident.