eunuch in the late Qing dynasty of Li, formerly known as Li Jinxi. Empress Dowager Cixi named her Lian Win, also known as Lian Win. He was the eunuch in charge of Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty and accompanied Empress Dowager Cixi for nearly fifty-three years. He was the most powerful eunuch in the late Qing Dynasty. He was also the first person to call Empress Dowager Cixi "Lafayette".
Xianfeng was a eunuch for five years and entered the palace the following year. In six years, he was appointed as the second general manager. Xuan Tongyuan was 61 years old. After mourning for Cixi for a hundred days, she abdicated. Xuan Tongyuan died at the age of three and 64.
Li was the most powerful eunuch in the late Qing Dynasty, who accompanied Empress Dowager Cixi for nearly 53 years. As the villain of the eunuch class in Qing Dynasty, Li bought a lot of real estate with the favor of Empress Dowager Cixi. However, after the death of Cixi, Li's power and status declined sharply, fearing liquidation. How did he spend his last days? The author visited Li's former residence in Haidian.
While building the Summer Palace, three private houses were built.
As everyone in Haidian town knows, Li has three homesteads in Haidian town: one in the military department, one in Cai He Square.
However, there are different opinions about why a big eunuch who waits on the Empress Dowager all day takes up so many properties. Some people say that the Western Empress Dowager rewarded him with several properties so that he could have a rest place nearby. Some people say that this is where Li makes friends with corrupt officials and accepts bribes; Others say that Li is very rich, hiding in the golden house of the town and raising three wives and four concubines to show off his prestige. Others say that Li pays attention to mutual affection and is a nest for his brothers, sons and nephews to enjoy.
when did Li buy these three properties? Why "The Three Caves of the Tricky Rabbit"?
Li has some inseparable connections with the western suburbs. He went to Beijing when he was young, and his early foothold was Dayouzhuang outside the northeast wall of the Summer Palace. At that time, his father Li Yu was repairing shoes here, and Li Yin was nicknamed "Peeling Plums" for helping his father. After becoming a eunuch, Li lived in the Summer Palace all the year round to serve Cixi. Later, Cixi spent 13,211 taels of silver to build a jieshoutang for Li Jian in the northeast of Leshoutang. Li himself bought three homesteads in Haidian. After his death, he was buried in the Eunuch Cemetery of Enjizhuang in the western suburbs.
Haidian Town is located on the Imperial Road from the Forbidden City to the Summer Palace, not far from the Imperial Garden. This is the best place for Li to buy a homestead.
Li's military house turned out to be an external value, a Manchu military plane. Every time Zhang Jing, a Manchu military aircraft on duty in Yuanmingyuan, returned from duty and spent the night here. After the Yuanmingyuan burned down, the emperor no longer went to court in the imperial garden, and Zhang Jing, a military plane, did not come to Haidian for rotation, so the homestead here was abandoned.
From the 12th year of Guangxu, the burnt Qingyi Garden was converted into the Summer Palace after the Western Empress Dowager. There is a Ministry of War House on the south side of Renshou Hall, two quadrangles on the southwest side of the archway outside the East Palace and the east side of the Foreign Affairs Office as the external value of Zhang Jing, a Manchu-Han military aircraft. It turned out that Lu Qifeng Villa, located outside Hangjiatun Hanzhangjing, became the home of military affairs minister Lu. Haidian military department was occupied by Li and took it for himself. But Li didn't live here, but let his younger brother Li Chunpu and his family live here. Until the founding of New China, Li's descendants still lived in the Fifth Hospital of the Military Department, and this person once served as the "Chief of Joint Insurance".
Li's other two homesteads were acquired in the 17th and 18th years of Guangxu. He also became the owner of the property without spending a penny. The construction of the Summer Palace was organized by Yi _, who once assisted Prince Chun as a naval staff officer.
Li Fu, where the house is located, is located at the western edge of Haidian Terrace, adjacent to a stream flowing northwards from Ganggou and facing the road in the east. There is Qingshuiling gatehouse at the gate, and two white marble lions and a pair of framed stones stand on one side of the gate. The eight-character shadow wall is built in front of the door, and the wall is decorated with phoenix and flowers, which is exquisite and spectacular. The garden is divided into middle, east and west roads. The middle road is a quadrangle with four entrances, the east road is a garden, and the west road is a garage. This house, after the founding of New China, became the dormitory for faculty and staff of Peking University.
Before she died, Cixi distributed her wealth and arranged her own affairs.
Li Fu, there is a wooden sign of "Li Zhai" at the gate, which was also built by Li Shan, Minister of the Interior, and is called the brick wood of the Summer Palace. The gate is east-west, with chariots and horses Ku in the south and a courtyard with multiple entrances in the north. The gatehouse on the roof faces south, and the eaves are inlaid with exquisite bricks and elegant Four Treasures of the Study patterns. At the entrance, there is a green brick wall hanging down from the mountain. The center of the square brick is inlaid with phoenix flowers. In the center of the square brick on the front of the wall battlements, there are decorative patterns such as playing birds and lotus flowers, attracting chrysanthemums and magpies to jump, pine crane spreading, and orchid bamboo perching birds. There is a basket of flowers on it, with brick beams with dense eaves on the top. Our house was occupied by our younger brother Li.
Although Li doesn't live in Cai He Square, it is the place where he stops and has a funeral after his death.
Li is smart, alert and kind to people. Among the incorruptible officials, he is deeply loved and trusted by the western Pacific. Within a few years, he was promoted to the position of general eunuch by an inexperienced little eunuch, and was put on a second-class high hat. In the palace for more than 51 years, for the sake of power, he sold officials and titles, widely planted private parties, intervened in state affairs, and had military aircraft from inside and princes from outside, all of which made up with him. In the reform movement in 1898, the imperial party and reformers were trapped. When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beiping, he fled to Xi 'an with the Western Pacific. After returning to Beijing, I am still in the newly restored Summer Palace, serving Lafayette wholeheartedly.
In the decades, Li has accumulated a lot of property. Hebei Dacheng hometown, 36 hectares of arable land, no movable property; Apart from the bank number and gold deposit, there are more than three million and two thousand silver deposits in the palace. Before the Reform Movement of 1898, he divided his property into seven parts: dividing the land equally among the five brothers; Divide the money equally into seven parts, and the two sisters will share it equally; In addition, each person was given seven boxes of jewelry. He said to his nephews, "wealth is a disaster!" " Remind them to be vigilant at all times.
After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, Li Shou-xiao stayed for a hundred days to show his deep condolences. After careful consideration, he presented all the treasures that the Queen Mother had given to the Jade Dragon Queen Mother for many years to her in seven boxes. He said: "This is a matter for the royal family and should not go to the people. I have carefully preserved it for the royal family for decades. Now I am old and weak, and I request to leave the court. These things are returned to the owner! " Li's words and deeds deeply touched the Queen Mother. She refused Li's request and left the palace to support the elderly in Nanyuan.
By the end of the first year, after the 111-day mourning for the Western Empress Dowager expired, Li kowtowed to the Empress Dowager for a long time. He said, "I have served the Queen Mother for fifty-two years. Thanks to the kindness of the queen mother, I can't repay it in my life! After I leave the palace, I will honor the old lady for three years and show a little filial piety to my minions! " In this way, Li quietly left the palace and no longer appeared in public.
Li's death is a mystery. Some people say that he was killed by the enemy. According to the Li family, in Tomb-Sweeping Day three years ago, Li suffered from "throat-locked dysentery" and died of purulent blood. Stop at Cai He Square Mansion to handle the funeral. On the fourth day of April, he held a "funeral". According to the custom in Beijing, he was treated with courtesy
During the mourning period of Li Zhai in Cai Fang, he followed the old routine of "picking up filial piety" or "breaking it". The custom of "gathering filial piety" in Beijing is that after a person dies, in order to have a good relationship with the old neighborhood for many years, no matter whether they know each other or not, even passers-by who pass by accidentally will give a mourning dress and a meal, including a hat, a mourning belt, knee-length mourning clothes, three steamed buns and a bowl of vermicelli meat, as long as they can kowtow to express their condolences. So in the past three days, people have come and gone in front of the Lingpeng, and people are crowded. The person in charge of maintaining order will always guide and let the mourners follow to avoid getting together.
There are also some dignitaries and Li's palace acquaintances who come to Cai He Square to pay their respects. On the sixth day of the first month, the queen mother Yulong issued a decree to give a funeral fee of 1,211 silver according to the ceremony. Minister Zhang Xun, Jiang Guiti and other dignitaries came to Li Zhai to offer their condolences. The wife and maid-in-waiting He, who attended the "Comb Liu" with Li in the Western Empress Dowager, also came to offer condolences. Comb one's hair Liu, a eunuch who combs one's hair for the Western Empress Dowager, is Li's apprentice. Rumors that Li Yin was so good at combing that she won the favor of Empress Dowager Cixi and was promoted to steward by a little eunuch were groundless and misinformed. Because of the words of Empress Dowager Cixi of Liu Desheng, she married Rong Er, the maid-in-waiting of Leshoutang, which led to Rong Er staying with the eunuch for life and becoming a lifelong widow. Received the post of brother-in-law, Li, Langzhongbai, Zeng. He asked his wife He to come to Haidian Town to mourn his death, not forgetting the kindness of the old teacher, who was unable to move because of his serious illness.
He recalled afterwards: "The funeral was held in Cai He Square. The Qing Dynasty was the last lantern temple. Li, the manager in particular, has no power after the death of the old lady. The sons and nephews at home are afraid of making trouble, so the funeral is simple. I work in Cai He Square, Haidian, because I am afraid to show off in the city. However, in order to appease the local poor, but also for the safety of the land a hundred years later, the famous collection of filial piety was adopted, which could not be done without huge financial and human resources. However, this is quite propaganda and buy-off. His filial piety soon ended. " She also said, "I have only been to the crane once since Li died. Because Liu was ill at that time, I went to hold a memorial service for him. Because there were few female guests in the Li family, I didn't want to show my face there, so I went back by car and had a quick dinner party. People can understand that his family is cold and seems to be absent-minded. "
Li is buried in Enjizhuang Eunuch Cemetery, more than ten miles southwest of Haidian Town. This Qinci Cemetery, which was built in the 12th year of Yongzheng, covers an area of more than 461 mu and houses more than 2,711 eunuchs. It is the largest eunuch cemetery in China. Li's tomb is located in the west of the cemetery, covering an area of more than 21 acres. However, during the Cultural Revolution, Li's tomb was opened, and there was only one head but no body.
Li Yingzhou, the grandson of Li's younger brother, and his brothers buried Li. They have been living in the Li family in Cai He Square. I got married and had children here, wrote articles and published periodicals, and spent more than ten years. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it became the office of Haidian District Health Bureau. Now he runs a catering and entertainment enterprise. The original pattern and main building of Sanjin Courtyard are well preserved, and the peony flowers on the brick wall are displayed as before. The garden in the east has long been destroyed, and now three courtyards have been built.
In p>1999, the quaint Cai Fang Lizhai was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Haidian District. It records the rise, prominence and decline of a court figure in the Qing Dynasty, and the history of the existence and demise of the eunuch system in China.