The supervision of the government, courts and procuratorates by the National People's Congress (including work supervision and legal supervision) is an important function of the National People's Congress conferred by the Constitution and the law, and it is the supervision with legal effect on behalf of the state and the people, and it is an important part of the Party and the country's supervision system. Its purpose is to ensure that the Constitution and laws are correctly implemented, that administrative and judicial power is correctly exercised, and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations are respected and safeguarded. Improve the supervision method, highlight the focus of supervision, and strive to enhance the effectiveness of supervision.
Food hygiene and food safety is related to the people's health and safety of life, the capital's economic development and social stability. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Food Sanitation Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Food Sanitation Law) in 1995, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, with the spirit of being highly responsible for the interests of the people, the style of seeking truth from facts and the perseverance, has been supervising and inspecting the enforcement of laws and regulations such as the Food Sanitation Law for 13 consecutive years, which has strengthened the supervisory effect and urged the government to continuously strengthen the administration in accordance with the law. Awareness, greatly enhance the city's food hygiene and food safety level, to protect the people's food hygiene and food safety.
In the 13 years of continuous supervision process, the twelfth Municipal People's Congress Committee on Education, Culture, Health and Sports and the tenth and eleventh Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee Committee on Culture, Health and Sports entrusted by the Standing Committee, in the specific organization and implementation of the supervision work, to do some exploring, and there are a number of experiences.
One, according to the characteristics of food hygiene problems are easy to repeat, to determine the continuous supervision of the work of the idea
Committee to carry out supervision work in the continuous exploration, summing up the experience, and gradually formed the supervision of the project classification, according to the different types of problems, to determine the supervision of the idea of work. For problems that can be solved in the short term, a one-time centralized supervision is carried out; for problems that need to be solved over a period of time, follow-up supervision is carried out. Food hygiene and food safety is an important issue of people's livelihood, is the people's most concerned about, the most direct, the most realistic interests of one of the issues, supervision of food hygiene and food safety in the correct implementation of laws and regulations, is the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee to safeguard the immediate interests of the people's important measures. At the same time, due to the fact that our country is still in the primary stage of socialism, the overall level of productivity in the food industry is not high, and the sense of integrity is not strong, the level of food consumption is low, and the awareness of consumer safety is poor, and the application of new raw materials and technologies in food production has brought about new challenges, etc., the issue of food hygiene and food safety is a long-term, complex and arduous problem, which is unlikely to be solved overnight. For this reason, the Committee has established the supervisory work idea of carrying out long-term, repeated and continuous supervision of the implementation of food hygiene laws and regulations, and has never ceased to carry out law-enforcement supervision of the implementation of food hygiene laws and regulations over the past 13 years. During this period, the Standing Committee has reviewed the implementation of food hygiene laws and regulations in the city seven times. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress attaches great importance to food hygiene and food safety, and conducted large-scale law enforcement inspections of the implementation of food hygiene and food safety laws and regulations in the city in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Especially this year is the decisive year for the preparation of the Olympic Games, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress actively and proactively participated in the preparation for the Olympic Games, fulfilled its duties in accordance with the law, gave full play to its role, and once again listed food hygiene and food safety as one of the key items of law enforcement inspections, formed a law enforcement inspection team, and carried out law enforcement inspections of the enforcement of laws and regulations in respect of food hygiene and food safety in the Municipality, and endeavored to push forward the implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations to ensure the smooth convening of the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games held smoothly to provide protection.
Second, the focus on key issues to monitor, and strive to achieve practical results
Food hygiene and food safety work is comprehensive and extensive, is a complex systematic project. Every year, the Committee focuses its supervision and inspection efforts on the most prominent key and difficult issues, and effectively urges the government to solve the problems and promote food hygiene work to a new level in phases. For example, in 1995, on the basis of years of implementation of the Food Hygiene Law (Trial), the State formulated and promulgated a new Food Hygiene Law in October, while Beijing had only a trial "Urban and Rural Market Trade Food Hygiene Management Measures", and the city's food hygiene work was at a relatively low level. In the summer, the committee, together with the relevant government departments, carried out a comprehensive inspection of the food hygiene situation in the city's marketplaces, large-scale wholesale food markets, food stalls, collective canteens, large-scale food shopping malls and non-staple food supply outlets, and hotels, restaurants, and guest houses involved in foreign affairs, in an attempt to find out the problems existing in the management of food hygiene in the city, so that constructive comments and suggestions could be put forward for the municipal government and the municipal health department to do a good job of food hygiene work in the city. Constructive comments and suggestions, and to lay the foundation for the city's food hygiene legislation. 1996, for the actual situation of food hygiene in the city, in accordance with the above law, formulated the "Beijing Municipality to implement the Chinese People's *** and the State Food Hygiene Law" approach. Strengthening publicity for these two newly enacted laws and regulations and raising the food hygiene awareness of the entire population is the first task in the implementation of the laws and regulations. The committee focused on the publicity and training of the laws and regulations, organized inspections by members and representatives, and urged the government and relevant departments to carry out various forms of publicity activities, so as to make the laws and regulations gradually take root in the people's minds. 1997, in conjunction with the contents of the National People's Congress Law Enforcement Inspection Group's visit to Beijing, the committee focused its inspections on the health food products, baby food and children's food products that had been widely reported by the public at that time, and supervised the government departments to In 1998, in conjunction with the "National City Hygiene Inspection and Competition", we focused on food hygiene in the catering industry, which was a prominent problem, and put forward opinions on the poor infrastructure of facilities and equipment in the small catering industry in the city, which prompted the administrative department of health to issue the "Beijing Small Catering Industry Manufacture and Supply" program. "Beijing Small Catering Industry Production and Operation Venues and Facilities Hygiene Standards", a large-scale centralized renovation of the city's small restaurants. Since then, the Standing Committee has concentrated its efforts each year on inspections of small and medium-sized restaurants, construction site canteens, food delivery enterprises and other weak links in the catering industry, striving to make a breakthrough on key issues. During the follow-up inspection in 1999, delegates recognized the progress made by the city's small-scale catering industry in terms of hardware level and standardized management, and in 2000, in response to a number of cases of food poisoning in group meals and problems in food-delivery enterprises, the committee focused on the food-delivery industry and inspected the implementation of the "Hygienic Norms for Food-Delivery Enterprises in Beijing", to ensure that primary and secondary school students and groups of students were not subjected to any food poisoning. In 2001, in response to the public's strong concern about contamination of vegetables and the hygiene of directly imported foods such as cooked meat and soybean products, three delegations and 117 delegates put forward proposals on food hygiene and the production of safe foods during the Fourth Session of the Eleventh Municipal People's Congress. As a result, the Committee focused on the hygienic conditions of the three major categories of foodstuffs, namely, vegetables for daily consumption, soya bean products and cooked meat products, and investigated and dealt with private slaughtering and food production and sale black spots, which effectively purified the food market and safeguarded the food hygiene and food safety of the people in a more effective manner. Since 2003, the current Standing Committee has conducted three large-scale law enforcement inspections to monitor food hygiene and food safety from farm to fork, marking a new stage in the city's law enforcement inspections of food hygiene and food safety issues. At the same time, to promote government departments to carry out comprehensive management of the corresponding problems, so that food hygiene and food safety work to the depth and breadth of development.
Three, improve the supervision method, and effectively promote the implementation of laws and regulations
In the supervision process, the committee constantly improved the supervision method, adopted the combination of law enforcement inspection and motion handling work, the National People's Congress entrusted law enforcement inspection, the combination of open and unannounced visits, the combination of fixed-point inspection and random sampling, the combination of centralized inspections and delegates' licensed inspections, the combination of self-inspection of the government departments and rectification work in accordance with the requirements of a variety of forms to carry out supervision. The Committee carries out its supervision work in a variety of ways, basically with new practices every year, and constantly promotes the implementation of laws and regulations on food hygiene and food safety. For example, in 1995, the Committee, together with the Legal Affairs Office of the Municipal Government, the Cultural and Educational Office of the Municipal Government, the Municipal Health Bureau, the Municipal Industry and Commerce Bureau, the Municipal Government's District Administration Office, and the Municipal Public Security Bureau*** formed the Municipal Food Hygiene Inspection Office, organizing joint inspections of the city's large areas by means of random inspections, unannounced visits, and inspections on a licensed basis by committee members and delegates; in 1999, in response to the repetitive nature of the problem of food hygiene, the delegates asked that In 2000, law enforcement inspections were conducted without prior notice to the units being inspected and in randomly sampled places, so that the delegates could see more of the real situation, which was conducive to the discovery of actual problems and improved the effectiveness of supervision. 2000, law enforcement inspections were increased in the way of up-and-down linkage with the Standing Committees of the People's Congresses of the districts and counties, which broadened the coverage of the inspections, made the up-and-down formation of the overall synergy, and intensified the intensity of supervision. 2001, the Standing Committee further clarified that the supervisory object of law enforcement inspections was the competent authorities responsible for the implementation of laws, and the inspections were shifted from being conducted jointly with government departments to supervising the enforcement of laws by government departments and urging the administrative departments to strengthen the day-to-day management of food production and sales units, rationalizing the responsibilities of supervision and enforcement. 2002, in order to improve the efficiency of supervision and reduce the cost of supervision, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress combined the Law enforcement inspection work and food safety bill processing work, checking the previous year's food hygiene law enforcement inspection deliberation and rectification measures to implement the work, as well as the National People's Congress commissioned food hygiene law enforcement inspection work, and other work organically combined by the deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress unified leadership, the Committee on Culture, Health and Sports, the Finance and Economics Committee and the Rural Committee jointly organized, to form a synergy, from a variety of aspects **** with the In 2005, the Standing Committee entrusted some districts and counties to carry out inspections of the implementation of food hygiene and food safety laws and regulations in their respective jurisdictions in accordance with certain topics; in 2007, the Standing Committee comprehensively entrusted the Standing Committees of the National People's Congresses of the eighteen districts and counties to carry out corresponding law enforcement inspections in accordance with their own actual situations and centered on the inspection focuses, and all of them achieved good supervisory effects and social impacts. All achieved good supervisory results and social impact. In particular, in 2003, 2005 and 2007, the Standing Committee carried out three large-scale law enforcement inspections, one more in-depth than the other, in a supervisory manner of supervising and rectifying the situation while inspecting, and achieved better results; for problems that could be solved soon, the municipal government and its relevant departments were urged to carry out rectification at once; for problems that would take a period of time to be solved, the Standing Committee put forward opinions on rectification and asked for feedback on rectification from government departments within a certain period of time. government departments to provide feedback on the rectification situation by a deadline. During the enforcement inspections in 2007, we found that the school canteens of four universities and 13 primary and secondary schools in the city were shown as Grade D on the Quantitative Grading Management Platform for Food Hygiene Supervision, indicating that the food hygiene was substandard. For this reason, the Municipal Health Bureau was immediately requested to rectify these 17 school canteens in conjunction with the Municipal Education Commission, and to formulate rules for the quantitative grading management of food hygiene supervision of school canteens, so as to resolutely eliminate the emergence of D grades in school canteens in the city, and to effectively improve the food hygiene level of school canteens in the city. At the same time, the Standing Committee set up a special law enforcement inspection publicity and reporting team to carry out full tracking reports, and in the website to widely solicit public opinion, the National People's Congress supervision and public opinion supervision, mass supervision organically combined to increase the strength of the law enforcement inspections, and enhance the effectiveness of the law enforcement inspections.
Four, the implementation of comprehensive supervision, food hygiene and food safety work has made great progress
The Standing Committee of the current food hygiene and food safety laws and regulations of the implementation of law enforcement inspections, are composed of the deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress as the leader, members of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, members of the Municipal People's Congress Committee on Education, Culture and Health, members of the Municipal People's Congress Finance and Economics Committee, members of the Municipal People's Congress Committee of Rural Affairs. Committee and some deputies to the Municipal People's Congress, composed of law enforcement inspection team, divided into three topics. Led by the Standing Committee Office of Education, Culture, Health and Sports, in conjunction with the Office of Finance and Economics, Rural Office, specifically organized the members of the law enforcement inspection team, respectively, around the production of agricultural products, food production, processing and circulation area of the supervision and management of food hygiene in the catering industry, the municipal government to carry out the implementation of the "Chinese People's Republic of China *** and the State Food Hygiene Law" and the implementation of the city's measures, the "Chinese People's Republic of China *** and the State Standardization Law", the Chinese People's Law on Standardization," "Chinese People's Law on Product Quality," "Regulations on Supervision and Administration of Product Quality in Beijing," "Chinese People's Law on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products," "Chinese People's Law on Prevention of Animal Disease," and the city's implementation measures, and other laws and regulations, and in the following year by the municipal government to implement the supervision and management of food hygiene in the catering industry. And in the year following the law enforcement inspection by the relevant specialized committees in accordance with the Standing Committee's deliberations on law enforcement inspections for follow-up inspections, the current five-year period of continuous comprehensive supervision, so that the city's food hygiene and food safety work has made greater progress. By the end of 2006, there were 1,020 municipal agricultural standardized production bases in the city, and more than 1,000 district- and county-level agricultural standardized production bases, and consumers could make inquiries about products with traceability codes; the output of green food and organic food accounted for more than 30% of the city's total production of agricultural products; and the annual slaughtering capacity of modernized large- and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 79% of the city's total slaughtering capacity, a rise of 20% over 2005. Pork sampling pass rate of 98%, the Ministry of Agriculture of the city for five consecutive years of dynamic supervision results show that: vegetables pesticide residues exceeding the standard rate of 40.3% in 2001 fell to the first quarter of this year's 3% or so, the detection rate of pig products "lean meat extract" for two consecutive years to realize the detection rate of zero, the safety of food and agricultural products in the country 37 The safety of edible agricultural products ranked first among the 37 pilot cities in the country in the Action Plan for Pollution-Free Food. 103,691 samples of 550 varieties of 59 categories were sampled for monitoring in 2006, with an overall pass rate of 95.28%, of which the pass rate of six categories of food such as rice, wheat flour, edible vegetable oil, vegetables, pork and soybean products, which are related to the indicators of the national economy and social development, amounted to 95.78%; and a full-scale inspection of 35,463 food hygiene units of catering establishments in the city was completed. Comprehensively completed the city's 35,463 catering units food hygiene supervision and quantitative grading management of 9 major items, 67 small items of the assessment work, the current food hygiene has reached 91% of the units above the C level; in the supply of 350,000 primary and secondary school students in the city's nutritional food in the 60 enterprises in accordance with the HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) to establish a safeguard system for the prevention of food poisoning, compared with 2005, the number of cases of food poisoning decreased by 12.8%, the number of poisoned people down Compared with 2005, the number of food poisoning cases decreased by 12.8%, the number of poisoned people decreased by 42.9%, and there was not a single major food poisoning in the whole year. In the comprehensive evaluation of food safety projects carried out by the State Food and Drug Administration and other six ministries and commissions in 2006, the three major categories of indicators, including consumer satisfaction, food testing and government management, were ranked first among the four municipalities directly under the Central Government.
After years of continuous supervision, the municipal government and its relevant departments continue to enhance legal awareness, further improve the ability to administer according to law, food hygiene and food safety supervision system continues to improve, food safety and rapid response and market control ability to gradually enhance the ability to deal with emergencies of food safety incidents significantly enhanced, food hygiene and food safety work of the overall level continues to improve.