Stage lighting is the appropriate use of lighting combinations according to the needs of the plot within the confines of the stage where the actors are moving to create a space full of vivid and soulful, so that the audience can show the full meaning of the drama and get a successful visual art effect. I hope you like the scientific paper on stage lighting that I have organized for you.
A scientific paper on stage lighting Part IAnalysis of stage lighting
[Abstract] The concept of light is well known to everyone. The use of light is a very important and indispensable element in the modern performance stage. The ever-changing stage lighting shows his charm. Stage effects only have visual infectivity and impact with the aid of lighting. This article on how to design and use stage lighting to achieve its desired effect to do a unique analysis.
[Keywords] stage lighting lighting effects lighting shaping
In modern stage performances, the reasonable design and use of light makes the whole play layered, vibrant, aura and vitality. Stage lighting is in the actor's activities within the scope of the stage, according to the needs of the plot appropriate use of lighting combinations, to create a space full of vivid and soul, so that the audience to show the full meaning of the drama and get the full visual art effect. To achieve this visual effect, the intensity of the light, the color of the light, the distribution of light areas and light movement changes will play a very important role.
First, the intensity of light
Initially, the core role of stage lighting is illumination. With the rapid development of stage art and the continuous progress of modern lighting technology, the role of modern stage lighting and technology is becoming more and more perfect, has become an important and indispensable part of modern stage art.
Stage lighting brings colorful visual effects to the audience, the intensity of the light as well as the color of the reasonable changes in the audience according to the plot to produce a kind of associations and hints, with the change of the plot to design the stage lighting with the change, so that the audience's psychology to produce the corresponding emotions and feelings of change, can give the audience a more emotional experience.
Stage lighting in the audience's visual perception of the degree of brightness and darkness we call - light intensity. Light intensity plays a decisive role in the lighting of the stage performance, but also has an important modeling function. It also plays an important role in the change of the stage plot, and plays a guiding role in the modeling of characters and scenery.
In the stage lighting design and use, the light intensity of the different psychological and emotional impact on the audience. Bright lights to bring the audience relaxed and cheerful atmosphere, and dim lights to the audience a sad and miserable implied that if the lights are all out, the whole stage is dark, the audience will have a tense and depressing feelings. It can be said that there is light on the stage in order to show the performance of the characters and scenery modeling. The brighter the light, the more prominent the image; light dimming, then the image will fade. The audience in the appreciation of the habit is certainly the eyes and attention toward the bright place to watch. The use of light intensity effects, to guide and focus the audience's main line of sight; at the same time, the use of light intensity and contrast, can enhance the stage picture of the three-dimensional, spatial and far-reaching sense. The flexible design and use of lighting is mainly based on the audience feel the light to determine. The subjective effect of the relationship is more audience.
Second, the light color
In the design and use of stage lighting, according to the light source, light intensity and light color and other elements of the comprehensive consideration, to bring the audience in-depth sense of the picture and the sense of space and time, so as to better achieve the effect of stage baking. The color of the light gives the audience a most intuitive emotional impression, the audience from the stage lighting color changes in the perception of psychological emotional appeal. Although lighting and color physical phenomena, but through the lighting and color changes to the audience to bring different feelings of psychological reflection. In the design and use of stage lighting, consider the elements of color will have a direct impact on the stage plot. Through the change of color, you can create different stage environment and scenario mode, for the stage plot character performance to provide atmosphere support.
The color of light on stage we call ? Light color? Light color plays an important role in rendering the plot, atmosphere and performance of emotional modeling elements, is one of the most complex stage factors. Stage lighting is the main source of stage color, the use of light color to render the emotional appeal required by different scenes. Warm colors can make the audience feel more gentle emotions, while more dark colors make the audience's emotions more depressed. Therefore, the reasonable design and use of lighting color is extremely important to the stage plot and characters and scenery. Through the change of lighting color, to create a different plot needed for the stage atmosphere, to the audience to bring a kind of emotional **** Ming, so that the plot is perfectly displayed.
In the interpretation of the stage plot process, color can trigger the audience rich associations and aesthetic experience. Such as red can make people think of fire, blood, sun, war, etc., can also reflect the warm, festive and warm atmosphere, can also make people feel horror, death and pain. However, with different cultural backgrounds and national habits of people associated with color and aesthetic experience is different, so the lighting color should be used flexibly. In the process of designing stage lighting, light color can be used to show the color effect. You can also use the symbols or meanings of the light color, and then to set the mood and rendering of the plot, so that you can show the emotional changes in the character image, and very well set the atmosphere of the performance. In designing the stage scene lighting color, first of all, we should design a good overall layout, and then we should design the main tone of the color effect created. In the process of using color light in the performance area, the color light should be concise and distinct, showing its main characteristics. In addition, but also the use of color and light skills to grasp its artistic effect, to ensure that the main tone is clear, more distinctive display of the main body of the play, in order to well support the plot, highlighting the performance of the character image. In addition, but also to grasp the whole play tone, change the main tone between the scenes, so that you can also form the ups and downs of the whole play light color.
Third, the use of light
In the use of light, how to play the light intensity and light color on the stage of the overall effect of baking and the whole plot of the role of dyeing, we need to think about the problem.
In the lighting design, according to the needs of the plot, the first to determine the main color of the light, and then determine what color as a secondary color. That is, to ensure that the light intensity and light of each scene has a clear color and atmospheric tendencies, but also in the overall design and use of the color effect formed in the overall design and use of a prominent main tone. In the light design of the performance area, the most important thing should be concise and distinctive, outstanding features. In the use of light color skills, to control the artistic effect of the stage plot, so that the main tone of the color is clear, then the plot can be more distinctive personality.
In the design and use of modern stage lighting, we should pay attention to the use of contrasting techniques to create a unique stage atmosphere, so that the effect of stage color is more bright, more distinct. In the specific design, the most commonly used contrasting techniques are: one is the contrast between light and dark; second is the contrast of different hues; third is the contrast between warm and cold light and so on. The use of these techniques can effectively improve the color effect of stage lighting.
In order to better highlight the theme of the stage plot and other elements, in the application of light color, in addition to the use of contrasting techniques, but also color changes to accentuate the plot and characters and scenery features. In the lighting design, from the perspective of the development of the whole plot to consider the use of the overall color tone. According to the changes in the main tone of the scene to adjust the plot of the ups and downs of light color changes, so that the whole plot more colorful.
In the design and use of stage lighting, to fully consider the overall picture color and size, to allow the audience to view the play on the choice of light color and change to obtain a visual aesthetic enjoyment. In order to achieve this satisfactory effect, in the design and use of lighting, we should integrate each scene into the design of the plot, so that the choice of light color and light intensity changes can better serve the characters and scenery, so that the design of the lighting will be more visual effects and performance effects.
In the stage lighting design, the use of light color and light intensity should also take into account the overall style of the stage and drama. To the development of the plot to consider the design of light color and light intensity, according to different scenes, character modeling and other elements, through the use of different light color and light intensity to achieve the desired effect. In addition, more modern technology elements can be integrated into the design to meet the audience's increasing artistic pursuit. Fourth, the lighting effect
The most important effect of stage lighting is to create the atmosphere of the play, reflecting the tension of the choreography, shaping the stage when the characters, images, highlighting the theme of the play, reflecting the artistic fashion. In the process of the development of the stage plot, through the continuous change of lighting effects, so that its light color and change the combination of light and dark, can be formed, such as sunrise, sunset, flickering lake, night lights and shadows, as well as thunderstorms and lightning and other scene effects.
In order to achieve the desired effect of the stage lighting required by the plot, in the design to fully utilize the light intensity, light and light color and other technologies to create a let the audience feel a real stage performance atmosphere. Combined with the needs of the plot to design a constant change of light and color to the audience's psychology to bring unforgettable emotional ups and downs, so that the work of the artistic infectious force can be enhanced.
In the stage lighting design, the most effective use of light should be light color, light color can achieve a more ideal stage art effect.
First, the color of light can constitute a completed picture. Light color has the spirit, can pull the audience's visual dimension deeper, wider, to create a visual sense of three-dimensional space. Light color has this element, expresses the color has a certain spatial freedom. Light color can sculpt and modify the stage plot from multiple dimensions, showing a certain spatiality, wholeness and unity.
Secondly, the effect of the use of light color can effectively activate the stage space, which allows the audience to feel a spatial level and time near and far level changes in the limited space and time, so that the audience from the change of the color to associate with the changes in the plot, and thus feel the change of the plot, the flexible and diverse changes in the color can bring the audience different visual impacts, so that the stage plot has a sense of rich hierarchy.
These are the most important elements of the show.
Third, the use of light and color effects can better delineate the psychological state of the characters, adjust the atmosphere of the drama, highlighting the theme of the stage, the use of varied color techniques so that the stage drama can show different visual and emotional effects. In the design and use of lighting, you can take into account the needs of the characters and scene changes, design a reasonable light color contrast plan, so that the audience in the use of light color to experience the changes in the stage character image and emotional color, to enjoy the charm of light color to the stage drama.
Conclusion
In modern stage performances, lighting has a far-reaching impact on the plot, characters and scenery. Lighting is the soul of stage art, is an important component of stage art. In stage art, stage lighting design and use can change the concept of time and space of the plot, shaping the character image and psychological expectations needed for the plot. (Responsibility Editor: Tan Bowei)
References:
[1]Jia Yiming. Analyzing the art of stage lighting design [J]. Science and Technology Wind, 2013(13):37
[2]Dong Qinghua. Discussion on the use of light color in stage lighting design [J]. Human resources social science, 2014(6):286
[3]Liu Huiqing. Color regulation of stage lighting design[J]. Drama House, 2015(5):47
[4]Zhou Jianhua. The use of light and color in stage lighting design[J]. Art Science and Technology, 2015(2):70
Scientific paper on stage lighting IIAnalysis of stage lighting technology
Abstract: In this paper, the author introduces the development of stage lighting, composition, the stage lighting control system structure and equipment installation location and function, and describes the stage lighting distribution, control and engineering design in the relevant technical knowledge.
Key words: stage lighting, control system, communication module
Since the stage is generated, stage lighting has become part of the stage composition. Stage lighting, highlighting the visual, realistic, aesthetic and performance of the four elements. After years of evolution. Gradually developed into today's more complete and advanced lighting system. The first boom period of the theater, appeared more than two thousand years ago in ancient Greece. At that time, the theater were open air or semi-open air. The lighting of the stage relied on the immense light in the sky, the sun, so performances could only be held during the day. The sun, so they could only perform in the daytime. But the need to rest and entertainment at night, open-air performances are vulnerable to the weather and other objective disadvantages and the development of the theater so that the stage lighting has become a problem that must be solved.
Theater lighting design is successful or not, is the stage lighting treatment is appropriate as a sign. Stage lighting should not only illuminate the actors, so that the audience can see the facial expression, demeanor and action, it is more important to fully utilize the lighting technology, mobilize lighting operations and other means to strengthen the artistic effect, so that the audience has a sense of immersion. Stage lighting installation parts, functions and lamp configuration stage lighting according to its function is mainly divided into two: dimmable dimming circuit; non-dimmable direct release circuit. Stage lighting is generally divided into three ways:
a. General lighting. Refers to the top light and outstretched stage as part of the top light hanging point light ring, as well as lighting on the grapevine, the catwalk.
b. Accent lighting. Refers to the face light, ear light, column light, side light, foot light, flowing light and the low angle face light of the outstretched stage, the inner (outer) side light, the turntable flowing light, and the low voltage sockets set up in the music pool for connecting the sheet music lights.
c. Decorative lighting. Refers to the sky row of light, the ground row of light and the use of laser effects on the stage, chasing light, mobile music fountains, and a variety of computer lights.
Stage lighting is so important that the above description is relatively simple, the following analysis from the technical point of view:
Stage lighting control system structure can be roughly divided into three modules; human-machine interface module, the main control machine module and the underlying control module. The three modules communicate with each other using the RS485 bus to transmit data at a fixed baud rate.
The function of the human-machine interface module is mainly to receive control instructions from the controller, which can generally be realized with a simple industrial control panel. After receiving the instruction, the module does not translate the instruction, and directly transmits the key information to the main controller module through the RS485 bus.
The main controller is the core part of the entire lighting control system, responsible for the upper control interface and the underlying hardware control module contact. The main controller receives the key information from the control module after translation, forming a binary control instructions; then the main controller according to the instructions received and the relevant control module address to form a complete frame of data, and through the RS485 bus transmission to the downstream bus, the underlying control module and then according to the address to match to obtain the data belonging to their own.
The bottom control module is a hardware device that directly controls the stage lighting action. As the number of stage lighting is generally more, so the number of control modules is generally between 10 to 20, all the control modules are attached to the same bus, independent programming between each other. When the main control machine to send data to the bus, all control modules receive data information, and according to the address information contained in the frame structure to analyze their own instructions and execution.
The main function of the stage lighting control system control module has two aspects: one is the communication with the master, receiving instructions from the upper level. Second, according to the instructions to control the hardware circuit to achieve the control of lighting operations. The following two modules are introduced.
The following is an introduction to the reception of the communication module:
① Selection of communication mode
Due to the relative simplicity of the control signals, the serial communication mode is used here. This is a convenient way to utilize, with low requirements for peripheral devices, and half/full bipolar mode can be chosen freely. The most important thing in the asynchronous method is the baud rate setting. Too high, it will increase the burden on the microcontroller, or even can not be realized; too low, it will affect the response speed of the entire operation.
② Transmission standard selection
At present, a variety of transmission standards, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. As the lighting system for the studio, a variety of audio, electrical interference will be a lot, therefore, the selected transmission method should be a strong anti-interference. Thus consider, in the communication distance of tens of meters to thousands of meters, the choice of RS485 bus transmission is more ideal. 485 bus using two transmission lines, to take the balance of sending and differential reception, so has the ability to inhibit **** mode interference, coupled with the receiver has a high degree of sensitivity, can detect the voltage as low as 200mV, so you can greatly enhance the transmission of the anti-jamming ability to transmit signals at the time of the recovery. The signal can be recovered from kilometers away.
RS485 bus is easy to use, with a pair of twisted-pair cable can realize multi-station networking to form a distributed system. It is simple, inexpensive, and can communicate over long distances, so it has been widely used in engineering projects.
③ Transceiver selection and use
In the 485 bus transmits the 485 level, and the microcontroller and the host microcomputer can only recognize the TTL level. In this way, between the two must have a special chip design conversion circuit, which is the transceiver. There are many types of transceivers, according to the need to convert different levels, here only need to 485 a TTL level conversion. The M ax48x series and the Max148x series with isolation are used. In order to minimize interference between communication circuits and other circuits, an isolation stage is necessary. Although it is possible to use a higher grade 485 transceiver with isolation, but from the price point of view, it is better to design your own isolation circuit. Here the use of opto-coupling devices, separate power supply and other means to achieve isolation. In the use of the M ax483 is to pay attention to the enable side of the control. The transceiver is in the receive state only when /RE = 0 and is portable, avoiding unnecessary duplication of work. The Module Function Management layer in Figure 2 is part of the Opentv middleware, along with the Hardware Driver and Basic Function Interface layers. The Module Function Management layer is a set of functions for managing and controlling audio, video, and channel operations written according to certain middleware function interface standards to facilitate the writing of user applications. The driver and basic function interface layer is the bottom part of the OpenTV middleware. The software at this level is written to be modified according to the specific hardware driver, with the goal of providing a unified driver interface function to the module's functional management layer.
③ Operating System and Hardware Driver Layer
The operating system used in this system is pSOS; the hardware driver layer is mainly for each hardware module, providing the corresponding driver. The main drivers include: Kernel module, mainly responsible for providing the operation of the process, such as the creation and deletion of the process, etc.; interface module, including the I C interface operation and control, RS-232 serial communication, smart card control, etc.; audio module; video module; OSD module; demultiplexing module; decoding module; Flash driver module; TUNER driver module.
The last step is the debugging of the set-top box system: the software of this system is compiled on the basis of the pSOS compiler. The whole test block diagram is shown in Figure 3. The system utilizes a TS stream generator as the debugging TS source for the set-top box, the TS stream is modulated into the channel by a QAM modulator, and the QAM signal is sent to the front-end of the set-top box for QAM demodulation, and then sent to the system board for decoding of the signal source.The TS stream can also be sent directly to the interface of the system board for individual debugging of the signal source decoding. The system was tested on a PC + WINDOWS2000 platform. The system runtime software is executed under the pSOS RTOS environment. The compiled executable file is down loaded from the serial port to the RAM on the hardware platform through the emulation RoM, and then the system will read out from a fixed address in the RAM and execute the program. Since the hardware platform does not provide a network port, the online debugging function that comes with pSOS cannot be realized, and the debugging information can only be obtained through the output information during the execution of the program.
Therefore, by connecting the serial port of the hardware to the serial port of the PC, the debugging information during program execution can be displayed on the PC's screen, so that programmers can get the debugging information they need.
[Summary]
Nowadays, the lighting system control has evolved from the original manual operation to computer control. The improvement of the computer level of the dance workers also put forward realistic requirements. I believe that with the continuous improvement of lighting systems and choreography workers to improve the quality of our stage will be more era of breath. More seductive, more wonderful.
References:
[1] Li Haidong "Building Electricity" Science and Technology Press 2002
[2] Jin Changlie, Liu De'an, Yao Han "Stage Lighting" Mechanical Industry Publishing House 2004
[3] Dou Weiping, Ma Yingjun "visual design color" Southeast University Press 2001
[4] Zhang Wenjie "Film and Television Lighting" Science and Technology Press 2005
[4] Zhang Wenjie "lighting system, the lighting system and the quality of dance workers to improve will make our stage more era. Lighting for Film and Television" Science and Technology Publishing House 2005
[4]Zhang Wenjie