Establishment of the Eight Banners
Nurhachi won again and again in the war to unify the ministries of Jurchen. With the expansion of his power and population, he established four flags of yellow, white, red and blue in the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (160 1), which were called true yellow, true white, Zhen Hong and true blue, and the flags were all solid colors. In forty-three years, in order to meet the needs of the development of Manchu society, Nurhachi established the Eight Flags system on the basis of the original Niulu, that is, four flags (inlaid, white, red and blue) were added to the original four flags. Except for four colors, yellow, white and blue are all set in red, and red is set in white. Put everyone under the jurisdiction of Houjin in the flag. Its system stipulates that every 300 people is 1 cattle record, and the number of cattle records is really 1 person; 5 Lu Niu is 1 Jala and Jala is 1 person; 5 Jiala is 1 Gushan, and Gushan has 1 person. According to historical records, there are 308 Manchu cattle, 76 Mongolian cattle, 0/6 Han army cattle and 400 * * cattle. At this time, the Eight Banners were compiled and became the Eight Banners of Manchuria. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Han Army were established, and the flag system was the same as that of Manchu. The Eight Banners are controlled by the emperor, the king and Baylor, and the flag system remains unchanged.
In the Eight Banners Organization, the establishment of Mongolian Banner and Han Banner was a little later than that of Manchu Banner. In the third year of Emperor Taizong's reign (1629), the second flag of Mongolia was recorded, which was called the Left and Right Second Battalion. In eight years, it was renamed left-wing soldiers and right-wing soldiers. In nine years, after conquering Chahar Mongolia, the late Jin Dynasty compiled a large number of Mongolian able-bodied men and formally incorporated them into the Eight Banners of Mongolia. The flag system was the same as that of Manchu Eight Banners. The Han army compiled a single flag. According to textual research, it was in the first month of Tiancong five years (Tiancong seven years). In the second year of Huang taiji's devotion to Germany (1637), the Han army was divided into two flags, the color of which was dark blue. In the fourth year, the officers and men of the Second Banner were divided into four banners. In the seventh year, they were officially compiled into the Eight Banners of the Han Army, with the same color as the Eight Banners of Manchuria. From the establishment of the Eight Banners system in the forty-third year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, it was not until the seventh year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty that the organization of the Eight Banners was completed. Each Eight Banners includes Manchuria, Mongolia and Han Army.
There is a difference between the three flags above and the five flags and eight flags below. After the death of Dourgen in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Fu Lin, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, adjusted the order of the Eight Banners in order to strengthen his control. The flag inlaid with yellow, yellow and white controlled by the emperor is called the upper three flags; Zheng Hong's Five Flags under the jurisdiction of the King and Baylor are set with red, blue, blue and white, which are called the next five flags, and have not changed since then. The three flags above are more respected than the five flags below. They are the emperor's personal soldiers, guarding the palace and other tasks. The next five flags are stationed in the capital and other places. In order to further strengthen centralization and weaken the control of kings and Baylor on each flag, Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty strictly distinguished the subordinate relationship between the middle flag (commonly known as the external auxiliary leader) and the government auxiliary leader (commonly known as the internal auxiliary leader) of the next five flags. In fact, the main part of the next five flags is under the direct control of the emperor. The king and Baylor can only control their vassals. Also known as the left wing, the four flags are inlaid with yellow, white, white and blue. The yellow, red, red and blue flags occupy the right side, which is called the right wing.
Characteristics of the Eight Banners System
The characteristic of the Eight Banners system is that people are unified by flags, that is, soldiers are unified by flags. Anyone who is in the Eight Banners can be considered a soldier. In fact, in the Qing Dynasty, soldiers had a fixed salary and quota. With the continuous increase of Manchu population, not all Manchu people can wear armor, but later the proportion of armored people in Manchu population is getting smaller and smaller. During the Qing Taizu and Taizong periods, the Eight Banners organization developed rapidly. Before entering the customs, there were 309 people assisted by the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and they were divided into 18; Mongolia 1 17 auxiliary, 5 auxiliary; Han army led 157, divided into five. The Eight Banners received 583 Manchu, Mongolian and Han Zuo Ling and 28 semi-Zuo Ling. At the beginning of the Qing dynasty's rule of the whole country, the Eight Banners of Manchu developed rapidly for the needs of the war to unify the whole country and to pacify the anti-Qing struggles in various places. During the reign of Kangxi, there were 669 people in Manchu and Qing dynasties, and it increased to 68 1 person during the reign of Jiaqing. It has remained at this level since then. Mongolia Shunzhijia 1 1, Kangxi Jia76, Yongzheng Jia204 (1724). When the Eight Banners system was established, Mongolians were included in the Eight Banners of Manchuria. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 35 Mongolian assistants and 2 semi-assistants, which were included in the Eight Banners of Manchuria. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, there were 206 people in the Han army, three and a half of them. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), the number increased to 258, and the number was 1. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng, it was customized to 270. Since then, because the livelihood of the Eight Banners has become more and more difficult, some Han troops have issued flags for the people. In the fifty-five years of Qianlong (1790), the number of Han army assistants was reduced to 266. And then it will never change. The number of officers and men of the Eight Banners in Guangxu and Xuantong in the late Qing Dynasty was about 6,680 officers and1.20 thousand soldiers.
When the Eight Banners were first built, the soldiers and the people were United and all the people were soldiers. All Manchurian members are under the Eight Banners. The organization of the flag has many functions such as military, administrative and production. Before entering the customs, the soldiers of the Eight Banners were engaged in productive labor at ordinary times, and Hogo was enlisted in the army during the war. He provided his own ordnance and food and grass. After entering the customs, in order to consolidate the rule of Manchu nobles, strengthen the control of the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and at the same time, in order to relieve the worries of the officers and men of the Eight Banners and better serve the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners' regular soldier system and reimbursement system were established, which together with green camp * * * constituted a powerful military tool for the Qing Dynasty to rule the whole country, and the Eight Banners became professional soldiers. The Eight Banners, whether Manchu, Mongolian and Han armies, are all based on the battalion, led by the commander-in-chief and deputy commander-in-chief, and are called Xiaoqi Battalion, which is used for garrison or campaign. There are also artillery battalion, artillery battalion, and artillery rattan battalion, which belong to the Seventh Battalion of the Han Army.
The Eight Banners have a complete system. For example, during the period of title, destiny and Tiancong, Qi Huangong stopped at Baylor, and in the first year of Chongde, he began to leave Prince, County King, Baylor, Beizi, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong and Feng Guogong. In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), General Feng En was promoted to ten grades. There are also different surnames such as Wang, Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Men, but there are few Han people. In the Qing dynasty, the official title was the same as that of Taizong, and Shunzhi became an honorary title for four years. In the first year of Qianlong, Nihavan in Minjue Jingqi was appointed as a viscount, Hafan in Ashhani was appointed as a baron, and Adahavan was appointed as a captain without pomp, worshiping him as a captain riding a cloud, and dragging Salahafan as a captain riding a cloud. The Eight Banners are registered according to their colors. In principle, able-bodied men are compiled once every three years and divided into main households, other households, other stalls and their families. The Eight Banners set up imperial clan schools and official schools to educate their children. There are rules for the weddings and funerals of princes and officers of the Eight Banners Imperial Clan. Marriage between Manchu and Han was forbidden in the early Qing Dynasty, and it was not lifted until the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1). In fact, people are married.
The rise and fall of the Eight Banners system
After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, most of the Eight Banners soldiers were stationed near Beijing, and the Eight Banners guarding the capital were stationed according to their positions, which were called the Eight Banners stationed in Beijing, commonly known as the Beijing Banner. Another part of the flag soldiers are stationed in important cities and military sites all over the country, which is called the Eight Banners garrison. The Eight Banners stationed in Beijing are responsible for the security of the palace and the capital, which is actually the imperial army. There were two military systems in Qing Dynasty, namely, Lang Wei and Wei Bing. Lang Wei refers to the imperial guards, who are responsible for the guards and services of emperors and queens. According to different specific tasks, Langwei set up different institutions, such as guard room, funeral team, good rescue camp and so on. During the primary election of the Guards, the talented children of the Three Flags will be assigned to different classes to work, and the decrees of the Three Flags Guards will be held in their hands in case the Guards need them. Luan Yiwei is also a squire, Wu Zhi, who is in charge of the emperor, the rear driver and other institutions. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), Puyi was given the name of "Unnamed" and changed to Luan Yuwei. In the early years of Shunzhi, there were bodyguards who were good at shooting mandarin ducks, strong bows and good at flapping, each holding three flags. In the eighth year of Kangxi, in order to punish Ao Bai's chaotic politics, some young guards were selected to practice fighting. When Ao Bai saw it, even the guards were slapped, and a good camp appeared. This camp specializes in acrobatics, archery, horse racing, etc. For the emperor to have fun while performing. Bing Wei refers to the guards of the imperial city and the palace. According to different tasks and defense needs, there are different battalion systems such as forwards, guards and infantry.
Before the Eight Banners entered the customs, the Eight Banners were stationed. After the Qing dynasty ruled the whole country, it was divided into Guifu garrison, Northeast garrison and Direct garrison. The Gifu Garrison guards the area near the capital, including Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Jehol, Chahar and Mulan paddock. Most of the troops stationed in the provinces are provincial capitals or major towns. Depending on each generation, the number of posts and soldiers in the Eight Banners may increase, but the change will not be too great. At the end of Qing dynasty, there were 8 17 assistants in the national garrison.
The Eight Banners are stationed all over the country and generally have no commander-in-chief. In important areas such as Shengjing, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangning, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Jingzhou, Xi, Chengdu and Suiyuan, where there are generals, there are deputy commanders. The general is the highest military official in the region, but he ignores civil affairs. Hou Rehe and Chahar became viceroy after being promoted from vice viceroy to viceroy.
The flag management of the Eight Banners, whether it is Manchu-Mongolian-Han Army, is managed by Gushan Second Town. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, Gushan forehead was renamed Dutong. Each flag has a commander and two deputy commanders. In the first year of Yongzheng, there was a yamen under the Eight Banners, which was composed of 24 officials and 48 deputy officials. It was responsible for the decrees of the Eight Banners of Manchuria, Mongolia and Han Army, checking the household registration, granting official titles and simplifying military posts after education. In places where the Eight Banners are oriented, garrisons, grave guards and able-bodied men in Beijing and all over the country will compile judges, choose their children as deacons, and send young women to grant land legal Eight Banners, slave management, land rent quota, real estate purchase, red and white T-shirts, send handsome men to the official school to send test rosters, choose flag camp officials, make meritorious service, persuade people to leave, attack and abolish posts, take up household posts, and fix the number of soldiers.
The rise and fall of the Eight Banners The Eight Banners system was established on the basis of "the unity of the soldiers and the people", and there was no regulation on the salary of soldiers before entering the customs. In the fourth year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji said: "Our country is a soldier when it comes out, and it is for the people when it enters. It has never been neglected." At that time, the inner city of Xingjing (now Xinbin, Liaoning) was the seat of the imperial clan, and the outer city was the residence of more than 10 thousand soldiers. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of families in the distance, scattered on the east and west sides of Liaohe River, and there is nothing to plow and hunt, and there is nothing to levy, and the grain distributed at the time of levy is also very limited. After the Qing dynasty ruled the whole country, the main form of the Eight Banners' salary was to sit on grain, including money and grain, and some of it was paid from the time of levy. Soldiers of the Eight Banners can be divided into pro-troops, forwards, guards, leaders, vests, infantry, artillery, soldiers, craftsmen, etc. Their salaries are also different, and sometimes increase or decrease.
When the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan, the Manchu population poured into Beijing and its nearby areas. In order to settle the lives of the officers and men of the Eight Banners and the idle population, the Qing government carried out three large-scale enclosure movements (see map) from the end of Shunzhi Yuan Dynasty to the fourth year of Kangxi, and gave 2,335,477 mu of flag land to the officers and men of the Manchu, Mongolian and Han armies of the Eight Banners three times. The land of the Eight Banners was five days (about six acres a day), and there was no big change in the Qing Dynasty. Most of the soldiers' land is cultivated by themselves and their families, and then pawned out to make a living. In the early Qing dynasty, it was stipulated that the flag people should not pay property, which was repeated several times. It was not until the thirty-first year of Guangxu that the ban was finally lifted.
After the Qing dynasty ruled the whole country, due to the severe bondage of the Eight Banners system, the life of the Eight Banners soldiers became increasingly poor. The livelihood of the Eight Banners is mainly the life of Zhengti Banner in Beijing. It appeared in the period of Kangxi and Yongzheng, and it was more serious in the early Qianlong period, which caused serious concern of the Qing ruling group. Emperor Kangxi and Yong Zhengdi gave silver many times, but it was soon used up, so they increased the number of soldiers and expanded food and salaries. In the second year of Yongzheng, training began, and later it was renamed training, giving money and food. There were 27,408 soldiers in Guangxu and 29,407 in the late Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, the Eight Banners of the Han Army stationed in Beijing and other provinces were allowed to flag for the people, so that the people could support themselves. However, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the livelihood of the Eight Banners was not solved and they were trapped in poverty.
From the formal establishment of the Eight Banners System to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty after the Revolution of 1911 19 1, * * * existed for 296 years. It was an important military pillar for the Qing Dynasty to rule the whole country. It has played a positive and progressive role in the history of China, made important contributions to developing and consolidating a multi-ethnic unified country, defending the frontier and preventing foreign aggression, and played an indelible role in the development of Manchu society. With the evolution of history, the backward side of the Eight Banners system has become increasingly obvious, which has seriously hampered the development of Manchu people and played a less and less role in the campaign. The Eight Banners system is closely related to the fate of the Qing Dynasty, which experienced the whole historical process from prosperity to decline and from decline to death.
Additional remarks
1. Gushan: transliteration of Manchu GSA, meaning' Qi', which is the largest organizational unit in the Eight Banners system.
2. Jala: transliteration of jalan in Manchu. It means "Duan" and "Jie" and is the liaison officer between Gushan and Lu Niu.
3. Lu Niu: niru means "big arrow" in Manchu.
4. Erzhen: Manchu is full of truth, which is interpreted by the' master'.
5. Mailer: Ren Mei, the Manchu language, originally means' Shoulder', which means two sides and vice.
Yellow flag: one of the three flags.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 92 people in the division, 2 people in the second division, and about 30,000 troops (the population of the Eight Banners in Manchu was the largest).
Total population: about 6.5438+0.5 million people.
Celebrities: Nalan Mingzhu Nalan Xingde (the favorite of Emperor Kangxi) and Sony (the important minister)
Yellow flag: one of the three flags.
Resident: Southwest of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, there were 84 lieutenants and 2 lieutenants, with about 26,000 troops.
Total population: about 6.5438+0.3 million people.
Celebrities: Xiao (Empress Jiaqing), Ci 'an, etc.
True white flag: one of the three flags.
Resident: now the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, there were 86 assistant governors and about 26,000 troops.
Total population: about 6.5438+0.3 million people.
Celebrity: Guo Bubo Wanrong, Rong Lu.
* Zhenghongqi: one of the next five flags.
Resident: East of Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 74 assistant governors and 23,000 soldiers.
Total population: about 1 1.5 million.
Celebrity: Xiao Shenyang (Ganlong traitor) Lao She.
Red Flag: One of the next five flags.
Resident: East of Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 86 lieutenants and 26,000 soldiers.
Total population: about 6.5438+0.3 million people.
Celebrity: Zhen Fei (favorite princess of Emperor Guangxu)
* White flag: one of the next five flags.
Resident: now the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, there were 84 assistant governors and about 26,000 troops.
Total population: about 6.5438+0.3 million people.
Celebrities: Cao Xueqin, A Gui, Shan (Prince Su)
True blue flag: one of the next five flags.
Resident: now the south of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 83 sub-divisions, 1 1, with 26,000 soldiers.
Total population: about 6.5438+0.3 million people.
Celebrity: Chongqi (1 in 1864). Minister's book. Empress Tongzhi, the father of Arute)
Blue Flag: One of the next five flags.
Resident: East of Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 87 lieutenants, with lieutenants 1 person and 27,000 soldiers.
Total population: about135,000 people.
Celebrities: Hou (crosstalk performer), Cixi (imperial concubine of Emperor Xianfeng), and (Shangshu of the Ministry of Finance, executed in the coup).
Eight Banners: The Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty are divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners. The main body of Manchu Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners is cavalry, and their ordinary soldiers are divided into three grades: cavalry, combat soldiers and garrison soldiers, and their salaries are decreasing in turn. Ordinary Manchu Eight Banners and Mongolian Eight Banners men can take the exam every three years from the age of ten. If they meet the standards, they will be stationed in the army and enjoy the salary. After that, they can take the promotion exam every three years. If they pass the exam, they will be promoted to a higher level and their salary will be increased. Whether you ride a horse or not, knights, warriors and guardians are all ranks. The Eight Banners of the Han Army, also known as Wuzhen Chaoha (heavily armed), are mainly artillery. The smallest unit of the Eight Banners is Lu Niu, which is both a social organization and a wartime organization. There are 300 families in Lu Niu, and each family has a able-bodied man. When the whole army went out, there were only 300 people in Lu Niu. Generally speaking, there are only dozens of people in each cow. The Eight Banners consists of 300 cattle records of the Eight Banners in Manchu, of which about 100 was recorded for Mongolian cattle that had been Manchu, and only 2 10 was recorded for pure Manchu cattle. Mongolian Eight Banners 129 Lu Niu and Han Eight Banners 167 Lu Niu. The number of cattle recorded in the late Qing Dynasty did not increase much. Manchu Eight Banners: * * There are eight parts: yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, blue flag, white flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. Please note that the above order is not written casually, but the order of the Eight Banners in Manchu from high to low. Another arrangement method is divided into two wings, the left wing is inlaid with yellow, white, blue and white, and the right wing is inlaid with yellow, red, red and blue. This is very clear on the Eight Banners Garrison Map of Old Shenyang City. The north with high status is white flag and blue flag, the west is yellow flag and white flag, the east is red flag, and the south is yellow flag and blue flag. Some people may ask, why is this arrangement? This is related to the formation of Manchu Eight Banners. The Qing Taizu Nurhachi first set out with his father's13A, conquered the Manchu tribes around his hometown and established the flag army (black flag). Later, he received a large number of neighboring tribes and formed a new flag (red flag). Nurhachi gave his old army (black flag) to his brother Shu Haqi, and he commanded a new flag (red flag). Later, due to the power struggle, Shuerhaqi and Chu Ying were killed one after another. The white flag was divided into zhenglan flag (2 1 cow record, all of which were recorded by Manchu cattle, the same below), and the flag owner was Munkurtai, the fifth son of Nurhachi, who was famous for his ferocity. Huang taiji used Mang Kuertai to kill his mother to illustrate his cruelty. Zhengbai Banner (18 Lu Niu) is owned by Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi. White flag (15 Niu Lu), the flag owner is Du Du, the eldest son of Chu Ying. The black flag is divided into three parts: the red flag (25), the flag owner is Daishan, the second son of Nurhachi, with a red flag (26), the flag owner is Yue Tuo, the eldest son of Daishan, with a blue flag (33), and the flag owner is A Min, the son of Shuhaqi. After being killed by Huang Taiji, the flag owner was changed to Jilalang, the son of Shuhaqi; The red flag personally commanded by Nurhachi is also divided into two flags: Huang Zheng (45 Lu Niu) and Huangbian (20 Lu Niu). At first, Nuerhachi personally controlled the two yellow flags. In his later years, he distributed most of the two yellow flags to his three youngest sons (Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo) in Lu Niu 15, and the rest were under his own command as pro-troops. Some historians believe that this is his public announcement that Dourgen is the heir. Because of this distribution scheme, the military forces under the command of Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo have great advantages. No other brother can compare with them. But this doting is not funny. It also made other brothers (Nurhachi has sixteen sons) unite against their three brothers, Azig, Dourgen and Dodo. At this time, Dourgen and Dodo, aged 9 and 8, were no match for their brave brothers and nephews. When Nurhachi died, Du Du, the owner of the white flag, had been transferred to the red flag, ready to give it to Dourgen. As soon as Nurhachi died, his sons began to compete for the throne. For the above reasons, Aziz, Dourgen and Duoduo failed and their mothers were killed. Dourgen didn't get the throne, but he kept his 65,438+05 Lu Niu, which was the flag of his brother Aziz. Instead, Huang Taiji, the owner of Zhengbaiqi, became the emperor. Huang Taiji took the opportunity to occupy the white flag and made a flag with his son Hogg. Not only can he not take it away, but Huang Taiji also swore in public that he could not confiscate the cattle records of other flag owners. Even if the flag owner is guilty, he will be fined to hand over his subordinate's oxen records, and the handed-over oxen records can only be distributed to other flag owners Baylor in this flag. As mentioned in the previous description, the yellow flag and the yellow flag are the two flags with the least strength. Therefore, it is impossible for Huang Taiji to be respected and do whatever he wants in the south. In order to strengthen the strength and suppress the earth brothers, the talented Huang Taiji not only did not kill the three half-brothers Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo, but tried his best to win over these three little brothers, because the Zhengbaiqi and the Huangqie (formerly Huang Zheng and Huangqie) they commanded were powerful, especially after Duoduo inherited his father's army, and became the most powerful Zhengbaiqi flag owner, but he was only a/kloc- Later, Huang Taiji used a trick to kill A Min, the owner of the blue flag, and Mang Kuertai, the owner of the blue flag, and annexed the blue flag. He mixed the blue flag with his own yellow flag and split it in two to form a new yellow flag and yellow flag, which he commanded himself. As a result, he also gave part of Lu Niu's strength to his son, Hogg, to strengthen his own strength. Hogg's yellow flag was renamed Zhenglan Flag, and the result of the change was that the new yellow flag was the least powerful. In order to consolidate his position, Huang taiji adopted the method of separating right from white and leitian. First of all, he abolished the flag master status of Azig, an old man with high military exploits, and used Dourgen, a teenager of 14, as the flag master. When Dourgen and Duoduo grew up, they found a fault to mix Zhengbai and Leitian, with Dourgen as the flag master and Duoduo as the flag master. However, due to historical reasons, Zhengbaiqi and Baiqi are relatively United, and their strength is the second sum of the Eight Banners 1. There are too many records of scalpers under the jurisdiction of Duoduo. When he reached the flag, it was the biggest flag among the Eight Banners. When Huang taiji died, it was the most critical moment for his family's world plan. He and his son Hogg have 16544. Dourgen and Duoduo have 98 Lu Niu, the second largest power of the Eight Banners, while Lao Dai Mountain (his son Yue Tuo died, so Daishan governs two red flags) and Girard Lang have 96 Lu Niu, the middle power of the Eight Banners. After the death of Huang taiji, the situation was steep. Dourgen and Haug are going to fight to the death for the throne. Dourgen is powerful, scheming and has certain strength advantages. However, during the period of Huang Taiji, Haug was always the second brave general (the first brave general was Azig), and he was not easy to bully. The disadvantage is that Huang Liang and Zhenglanqi don't fully support him. They were afraid that Hogg's flag would change color after he acceded to the throne, which would damage their own interests, and they were also forced by the queen of the harem to emphasize the accession of the prince. Hogg was born to an ordinary princess and has no blood relationship with the queen. He is older than dourgen. The queen and her niece (Zhuang Fei) don't want to be locked in the cold palace for the elderly after Hogg takes power. Their attitude determines the attitude of the two yellow flags. In the tense election of the emperor, Daishan and Jill Harlan are always ambiguous. Azig and Dodo wanted to choose Dourgen, but they were resisted by the forces of two yellow flags. Hogg had expected that Daishan and Jill Harlan would choose him. This is because they left angrily without speaking, but the scheming Dourgen seized the opportunity and elected Fu Lin, the son of Zhuangfei, to succeed to the throne. Dourgen took power from then on. He always hated starling Huang taiji for robbing him of his throne, looking for an opportunity to kill Hogg and take it out, and annexed Hogg's positive blue flag and mixed it with his own positive white flag to form a new positive white flag and a white flag. As for the original white flag, it was renamed Zhenglan Flag, and Duoduo's son (Duoduo is dead at this time) was the flag owner. Although Dourgen and Duoduo were only slightly better, the military and the government were connected, and the Qing Dynasty was established after entering the customs, but life was chaotic. Dourgen was liquidated after his son, Emperor Fu Lin, took charge of Shuaiyin, but according to Manchu custom, if there is no son, the army after her husband's death belongs to his wife's commander-in-chief, and Dourgen has no biological son. The adopted son of Congduo was denied by Emperor Fu Lin, so his army certainly belonged to his wife, Empress Zaozhuang, and the generals agreed that Fu Lin was the only son of Empress Zhuang, so the Zhengbaiqi naturally became a flag (commanded by the Emperor himself). Due to the above history, the order of the Eight Banners was formed: yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, blue flag, white flag, red flag, red flag and blue flag. From the above, it can be seen that Zhenghuangqi is not a pro-Nurhachi force.
Zhenghuangqi:
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Yellow flag:
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Zhengbaiqi:
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White flag: /view/86606.htm
Zheng hongqi: /view/86598.htm
Danger signal:
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Zhenglanqi: /view/236 14.htm
Blue flag: /view/86584.htm
References:
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