Fire safety guidelines for cultural relics and ancient buildings

Fire warning film for cultural relics and ancient buildings

In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and society, the fire causes of cultural relics museums have increased, and cultural relics fire accidents have occurred from time to time, and the fire safety situation of cultural relics has become more severe.

National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Emergency Management Department jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Fire Safety of Cultural Relics, with 22 articles in total.

one

Improve the responsibility system.

(a) a clear responsibility for fire safety of cultural relics.

Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels and fire rescue agencies should promote local governments at all levels to earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of territorial management of cultural relics safety, and incorporate buildings and structures around cultural relics and museum units that seriously affect the fire safety of cultural relics into the local government's relocation and transformation plan and rectify them together; According to the characteristics, protection and utilization of cultural relics resources in this region, we should carefully analyze and judge the fire safety situation of cultural relics and study fire prevention and control measures. Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels should clearly undertake the internal institutions and personnel of cultural relics fire safety supervision, implement the publicity system for those who are directly responsible for cultural relics safety, and implement the direct responsibility for fire safety of cultural relics business users in accordance with the requirements of "who is in charge, who is responsible, who owns and who uses".

(2) Improve the fire control organization.

Cultural relics and museum units shall set up (clearly) specialized institutions, or determine full-time (part-time) fire management personnel to implement fire safety management. National key cultural relics protection units and national first-class museums that are far away from the fire rescue team shall establish full-time fire brigades, equip them with fire fighting equipment according to actual needs, and organize team members to conduct regular fire prevention training and fire fighting drills. Other cultural relics and museum units should establish miniature fire stations according to the requirements, fully equip personnel and fire-fighting equipment, and strengthen standby and patrol inspection.

(three) the implementation of cultural relics fire safety responsibility.

The main person in charge of cultural relics and museums is the person in charge of fire safety, and makes overall arrangements for the fire safety work of their own units. Cultural relics and museum units belonging to key units of fire safety shall determine fire safety management personnel, be responsible for organizing the implementation of daily fire safety management, formulate and implement fire control work plans and fire safety systems, and perform duties such as fire inspection and patrol, rectification of fire hazards, fire safety publicity, education and training, fire fighting and emergency evacuation drills. Cultural relics and museum units shall establish and implement the fire safety responsibility system step by step and the post fire safety responsibility system, and clarify the fire safety responsible personnel and responsibilities at all levels and positions. The security agencies of cultural relics and museums should do a good job in daily fire safety management, supervision and inspection.

two

Strengthen fire safety management

(4) Scientific assessment of fire risk.

Cultural relics and museum units should adhere to the source management, comprehensively search the possible causes and risk sources of fire accidents according to the protection, management and utilization status of their own units and the surrounding environment, analyze and evaluate the types and degrees of risks, and list the hidden dangers of fire risks. Establish a safety risk early warning mechanism, implement risk grade management, put forward risk control requirements one by one, and take targeted fire risk prevention measures.

(5) Strengthen system construction.

Cultural relics and museum units shall establish and improve various fire safety management systems such as fire safety education and training, fire patrol inspection, daily duty, management of fire and electricity, management of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, operation and maintenance of fire control facilities and equipment, fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan drills, and rectification of fire hazards. It is necessary to establish a guarantee mechanism for the implementation of the system, and implement the system to all posts and links of fire safety management through daily supervision and inspection, assessment, rewards and punishments, etc. So as to realize the standardization, institutionalization and refinement of fire safety management.

(six) strict production and living with fire.

It is forbidden to use naked flames and smoke in cultural relics buildings, museums, memorial halls and corridors, and "No Fireworks" signs should be set up in key places. Strictly control the use of open flames within the protection scope of cultural relics protection units, and clearly prohibit smoking areas according to the needs of cultural relics fire safety. If it is really necessary to carry out religious activities in cultural relics buildings or use open flames in residential buildings, the management of fire sources should be strengthened, safe places should be designated, effective fire prevention measures should be taken, and people should be kept away from fire sources by special personnel. Lighting, burning paper and burning incense are not allowed in non-religious activities within the scope of cultural relics protection.

(7) Strictly and safely use electricity.

Cultural relics and museum units shall, in accordance with the requirements of relevant standards, comprehensively assess their electrical safety risks and conduct electrical safety inspection and maintenance at least once a year. Strictly implement the electricity management system, standardize the laying of electrical lines, and transform and replace old electrical lines. Strictly investigate and deal with problems such as irregular laying of electrical lines, excessive power consumption, no short-circuit protection device, unauthorized connection of electrical lines, and use of "three noes" electrical products. It is not allowed to directly install lamps for "lighting project" on cultural relics buildings, and it is necessary to keep a safe distance when installing lamps outside cultural relics buildings.

(eight) strict management of flammable and explosive materials.

It is forbidden to produce, use, store and operate inflammable and explosive dangerous goods and to set off fireworks and firecrackers within the scope of protection of cultural relics. If it is really necessary to use gas or pile up firewood and other combustible materials in cultural relics buildings used for production, life and business, effective safety protection measures should be taken. The use of gas is strictly prohibited in other cultural relics buildings, gas pipelines shall not be laid, firewood, wood and other flammable materials shall not be piled up, and signs such as "No fireworks" shall be set up.

(nine) to strengthen the management of cultural relics protection projects.

The construction site of the cultural relics protection project shall formulate and implement the fire safety system, and be equipped with temporary fire water sources and fire control facilities and equipment. Operators should receive fire safety training before entering the site, and the construction methods and technical conditions should meet the fire control requirements. Strict fire prevention measures should be taken for open flame operations such as electric welding, gas welding and blowtorch. Flammable and combustible materials on the construction site should be stored safely, and combustible materials such as waste and garbage on the site should be cleaned up in time. The staff dormitory and the construction work area should be set separately, and the temporary buildings needed for construction should meet the fire protection requirements.

(ten) to strengthen the safety management of large-scale activities.

When holding large-scale activities such as sacrificial ceremonies, temple fairs, gardens and exhibitions within the scope of protection of cultural relics, the activity plan and security work plan shall be reported to the local public security organ for examination and approval in advance according to regulations. Organizers shall conduct fire inspection, increase necessary fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire-fighting equipment, arrange full-time (part-time) firefighters and other emergency forces at the scene, formulate fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans in advance and organize drills, and patrol and care important places and parts during the activities.

three

Strict inspection and rectification of fire hazards

(eleven) check the rectification of fire hazards.

Cultural relics and museum units shall organize fire inspection at least once a month and conduct regular fire inspection every day. During the period of opening to the public, conduct fire inspection every 2 hours, and strengthen night inspection. The fire hazards found in the inspection shall be rectified and eliminated in time. For fire hazards that cannot be rectified immediately, it is necessary to formulate rectification plans, define the rectification period, take temporary protective measures, and strengthen personnel duty.

(twelve) to carry out supervision and inspection.

Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels and fire rescue agencies should strengthen the supervision and inspection of cultural relics and museum units within their jurisdiction, and focus on urging and rectifying outstanding hidden dangers and problems such as electrical hazards, fire for production and life, illegal burning of incense and paper, illegal use of fire for construction, poor management of inflammable and explosive materials, imperfect fire control facilities and equipment, and lax safety management, so as to enhance the fire prevention and control ability and level of cultural relics and museum units. Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels and fire rescue agencies should supervise and supervise the cultural relics and museum units with major fire hazards, and follow up and urge the hidden dangers to be rectified.

four

Strengthen the fire protection infrastructure.

(thirteen) to strengthen the construction of fire control facilities.

Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels should further promote the implementation of the "cultural relics safety project", increase investment in cultural relics fire-fighting facilities and equipment, and simultaneously add fire-fighting facilities in combination with the renovation of cultural relics buildings and the renovation of museums. The implementation of fire protection works for cultural relics buildings shall adhere to the principle of "minimum interference" and shall not damage cultural relics and historical environment.

(fourteen) strict management of fire control facilities.

In order to give full play to the function of fire fighting system and ensure normal and effective operation, the operators of automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing system should hold relevant certificates. Cultural relics fire protection facilities and equipment should be maintained once a month and comprehensively tested once a year to ensure their normal functions. It is strictly forbidden to shut down and stop using the automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system without authorization. It is necessary to ensure the smooth evacuation passages and safety exits of cultural relics and museum units, prohibit the occupation of fire prevention spaces, and prohibit the blockage or closure of fire truck passages.

(15) Strengthen scientific and technological support.

It is necessary to make full use of advanced and applicable facilities and equipment, actively promote the use of advanced facilities, equipment and technologies in remote monitoring, intelligent monitoring, safe use of electricity, efficient fire prevention and extinguishing, enhance the automatic alarm and extinguishing ability of cultural relics fires, and use unmanned aerial vehicles and other equipment to conduct intelligent inspections of ancient villages and large-scale cultural relics buildings, and continuously improve the technical level of physical defense.

five

Enhance emergency response capability

(sixteen) scientific preparation of the plan.

Grass-roots cultural relics administrative departments and fire rescue agencies should strengthen their work linkage, and guide cultural relics and museum units to formulate emergency plans in accordance with the requirements of "one household, one policy" in view of the current situation of major fire hazards, building structural materials, spatial layout, movable cultural relics collection and protection and utilization of key cultural relics and museum units in the region. Cultural relics and museum units shall, in accordance with the principles of timeliness, applicability and effectiveness, formulate their own fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans, clarify the responsibilities of personnel in each shift and post and their alarm, evacuation and fire fighting, and conduct drills at least once every six months. Special plans should be made during the key periods when religious activities and folk activities are concentrated. Fire rescue agencies around the country should strengthen the guidance of fire drills for cultural relics and museum units in their respective jurisdictions, revise and improve fire rescue plans, extinguish fires early, dispose of them scientifically, and minimize the loss of cultural relics and property.

(seventeen) effective disposal of fire accidents.

In case of fire accidents in cultural relics and museum units, it is necessary to immediately report to the police and start the fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan, organize to put out the initial fire, organize personnel evacuation in an orderly manner, and rescue immovable cultural relics in time. After the fire accident, we should earnestly learn from experience and lessons, seriously rectify fire hazards and problems, and take effective fire safety measures. Fire accidents shall be reported in accordance with regulations, and concealment, false reporting, omission and late reporting are strictly prohibited.

six

Strengthen fire safety publicity and education

(eighteen) vigorously carry out warning education.

Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels and cultural relics and museum units should vigorously carry out cultural relics fire warning education activities, enhance safety awareness, and resolutely put an end to carelessness, luck and dereliction of duty. It is necessary to make use of typical cultural relics fire cases, make warning education films and publicity wall charts, strengthen warning education for key groups, and enhance awareness of fire risk prevention.

(nineteen) to carry out extensive publicity on common sense.

Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels should intensify propaganda, go deep into grassroots cultural relics, museum units and surrounding communities, carry out "household" and "grid" propaganda, and incorporate cultural relics fire safety propaganda into activities such as "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day" and "5_ 18 Museum Day" to guide social forces to participate in and supervise cultural relics fire protection work. Cultural relics and museum units shall set fire safety warning signs in eye-catching positions and hang fire safety publicity icons.

(twenty) in-depth professional training.

Cultural relics and museum units should organize fire safety responsible persons at all levels and positions, operators of automatic fire control facilities, full-time (part-time) fire management personnel and security personnel, carry out fire safety training at least once a year, carry out pre-job training for new employees, and train a group of fire safety "savvy people" who can manage fire control, operate fire control facilities and equipment, investigate and rectify fire hazards, put out initial fires and organize personnel to evacuate and escape.

seven

Strict supervision and accountability

(twenty-one) strictly implement the inspection and evaluation mechanism.

Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels should establish and implement the cultural relics safety supervision mechanism, adopt written supervision, on-site supervision, listing supervision, notification of exposure, interviews, etc., strictly supervise the rectification of major fire hazards and the handling of fire accidents in cultural relics and museum units, and incorporate the fire safety work of cultural relics and museum units under their jurisdiction into the government's annual safety production and fire safety assessment indicators to ensure the implementation of fire safety responsibilities, the rectification of fire hazards in place and effective fire safety measures.

(twenty-two) strict implementation of accountability.

In case of fire accidents in cultural relics and museum units, it is necessary to find out the cause of the fire according to the requirements that the cause of the accident has not been ascertained, the responsible personnel have not handled it, the rectification measures have not been implemented, and the lessons of the accident have not been learned, and the main responsibility, regulatory responsibility and direct responsibility shall be seriously investigated according to law. Cultural relics and museum units that are listed as major fire hazard units refuse to rectify or rectify poorly, and they should be seriously investigated for responsibility according to laws and regulations.

Ten Provisions on Fire Safety Management of Cultural Relics Buildings

First, earnestly implement the responsibility of fire safety

The owners, managers and users of cultural relics buildings are the subject of fire safety responsibility.

Cultural relics building property units or management units shall establish and implement the fire safety responsibility system step by step according to law, and clarify the fire safety responsibilities at all levels and positions. The main person in charge of the unit is the person in charge of fire safety, and makes overall arrangements for the fire safety management of the unit. Cultural relics buildings belonging to key units of fire safety shall determine the fire safety manager, be responsible for organizing the implementation of daily fire safety management, and mainly perform the duties of formulating and implementing fire control work plans and fire safety systems, organizing fire inspection and inspection, rectification of fire hazards, fire safety publicity, education and training, fire fighting and emergency evacuation drills.

Two, establish and improve specialized agencies and part-time fire brigade.

Cultural relics building property units or management units shall set up (determine) specialized agencies, or determine full-time (part-time) fire management personnel to implement fire safety management. Full-time or volunteer fire fighting teams shall be established according to law, equipped with corresponding fire fighting equipment and fire extinguishing equipment according to actual conditions, and regular fire prevention and extinguishing training shall be conducted.

Third, strictly manage fire control facilities.

For cultural relics buildings, the fire truck passage (fire road) should be determined according to the fire prevention needs and actual conditions, and the necessary fire water supply system, fire fighting facilities, equipment and equipment should be configured, and the evacuation passage and safety exit should be determined to keep the fire prevention distance. Cultural relics buildings used for sightseeing, sightseeing and operation shall take effective measures to ensure the safety of personnel.

The adjacent areas of cultural relics buildings and their protection scope shall not expand or build buildings (structures) without authorization, and shall not occupy fire prevention spaces and fire truck passages (fire roads). Strengthen the daily maintenance and regular inspection of fire protection facilities, equipment and equipment in cultural relics buildings to ensure their functions.

Fourth, strict fire management.

Strictly control the use of open flames in cultural relics buildings. When it is really necessary to use open flames in religious activities or residential buildings, we should strengthen the management of fire sources, take effective fire prevention measures, and keep people away from fire sources.

Five, strict electricity management

The selection and installation of power distribution equipment, electrical circuits and electrical appliances in cultural relics buildings should comply with relevant codes and fire prevention requirements, and be equipped with appropriate electrical fire prevention and control devices. Cultural relics buildings should use low-voltage weak current power supply and cold light source lighting, and generally do not allow the use of electric appliances and high-power appliances. If it is really necessary to use it, safety protection measures must be taken to formulate and strictly implement the use management system. It is forbidden to connect the electrical lines without permission, and protective measures such as wearing metal pipes should be taken for indoor and outdoor electrical lines. Check and test circuits and electrical appliances regularly to ensure safe use.

Six, strict management of dangerous goods

It is forbidden to produce, use, store and operate inflammable and explosive dangerous goods and to set off fireworks and firecrackers within the scope of protection of cultural relics. Residential cultural relics buildings used for residents' production and life, as well as other cultural relics buildings used for accommodation, catering and other functions, should take practical and effective safety protection measures because of the need of production and life to use gas and pile up firewood and other combustible materials. In other cultural relics and ancient buildings, it is strictly forbidden to use gas, not to lay gas pipelines, not to pile up firewood, wood and other flammable materials, and signs such as "No Fireworks", "No Smoking" and "No Fireworks" should be clearly set up.

Seven, strict management of large-scale activities

When holding large-scale activities such as sacrifices, temple fairs, gardens and exhibitions within the scope of cultural relics protection, the organizer shall conduct fire prevention inspections, acquire necessary fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire-fighting equipment, formulate fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans and organize drills in advance. According to the regulations, activities and fire control measures should be reported to the local public security department for approval before activities can be held.

Eight, comprehensively carry out fire inspection.

The person in charge or manager of fire safety of cultural relics buildings shall organize at least 1 fire inspection every quarter, focusing on the following contents:

(a) the implementation of the fire safety management system, the management and use of the person in charge of the unit and other employees to master the fire awareness and fire knowledge and skills.

(two) to carry out daily fire inspection;

(three) whether the evacuation passage, the exit and the fire truck passage (fire road) are unblocked and whether the fire prevention distance is occupied;

(four) fire control facilities, equipment and equipment in good condition and effective;

(five) whether the fire water source meets the use requirements;

(six) whether there is illegal use of fire, electricity, oil and gas;

(seven) whether the installation and use of electrical products and the laying of lines and pipelines meet the technical standards and management regulations for fire control;

(eight) whether it is allowed to burn incense, wax and other places where open flames are used in accordance with the regulations, whether it meets the relevant specifications, and implement safety protection measures;

(nine) the situation of fire safety measures in key parts;

(ten) the implementation of fire hazards rectification and preventive measures;

(eleven) other fire safety management.

Full-time (part-time) fire management personnel shall conduct daily fire inspection on items (3), (4), (6), (7), (8) and (9) of the preceding paragraph; During the period of opening to the outside world, cultural relics buildings should be inspected for fire prevention at least every 2 hours, and night inspections should be strengthened.

Nine, carry out fire drills.

Cultural relics building property units and management units shall formulate their own fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans, clarify the responsibilities of personnel in each shift and post and their alarm, evacuation and fire fighting, and conduct drills at least once every six months. In the critical period of religious activities, folk activities and other personnel concentration, special plans should be formulated in light of the actual situation.

Ten, seriously carry out fire safety publicity and education.

Cultural relics building property units and management units shall regularly conduct fire safety education and training, enhance fire safety awareness and master fire prevention skills. The personnel of the unit should know the fire danger and fire prevention measures of the unit and the post, call the police, put out the initial fire, evacuate, escape and save themselves. It is necessary to carry out fire protection publicity to the public in combination with the actual situation, set fire safety warning signs in eye-catching positions, and hang fire safety publicity icons.