Beijing is one of the cradles of human civilization, a world-famous historical and cultural city, one of the six ancient capitals of China, the political and cultural center of the whole country, with rich historical and cultural relics and numerous antiquities. Collection Art magazine plans to edit and publish the market guide of Taiwan Province antique folk art, and the editor-in-chief Mr. Zheng Gongxian invited me to write an article about the current situation and development potential of Beijing antique cultural relics market. I think this is a good thing. It can be used as a "guide" for Chinese people and friends all over the world who love China's cultural relics and arts to buy antique folk art in Beijing, so as to save time and energy for everyone. It is also the affection that our Chinese descendants should do. My wife Hou Zongyan (former deputy director of National Cultural Heritage Administration office) and I spent half a month visiting Qu Delong, deputy director of the Diaspora Cultural Relics Department of Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau, and visited antique art markets, cultural relics shops and auction companies all over Beijing. Of course, during the inspection, I not only accumulated information, but also learned a lot of new knowledge and broadened my horizons. It is even more encouraged by the booming situation of Beijing antique market.
◆ The famous Liulichang Cultural Street.
Liulichang is located outside Heping Gate, Xuanwu District, Beijing, with a total length of two kilometers. Liulichang has a long history. Wang Hai Village, JD.COM in Liao Dynasty, built a Liulichang here in Yuan Dynasty, and built a factory and palace here in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, hence the name. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, antiques and booksellers operated here, and many literati and painters came here to write books and paint and buy ancient cultural relics. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the literati in Beijing gathered, and shops such as the rubbings of ancient books and Four Treasures of the Study in Liulichang prospered. The book industry is the most important thing. This is closely related to the compilation and academic prosperity of Siku Quanshu in Qing Dynasty. Since then, it has been famous as a cultural street. Famous calligraphers He He, Weng Tonghe, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Shen. , inscribed a plaque for the cultural store. During the Republic of China, due to the addition of South Xinhua Street, Liulichang was divided into two streets, the East Street was dominated by antiques and the West Street was dominated by old books. The Commercial Press, Zhonghua Bookstore and You Zheng Bookstore, which specializes in publishing calligraphy and painting of steles, have opened branches here.
1949 after liberation, after public-private partnership and socialist transformation, although the shops were merged, they still retained their traditional characteristics. 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the house of Liulichang was damaged by the earthquake. In order to maintain the tradition and characteristics of Liulichang Cultural Street, the government allocated huge sums of money to rebuild Liulichang Cultural Street in three years. Since then, the sparse glass factory has taken on a new look, with antique buildings row upon row, and bookstores and antique shops across the East and West Factory Street. Contemporary calligraphers such as Rong Baozhai, Baoguzhai (ancient calligraphy and painting), Moyuan Pavilion (modern calligraphy and painting), Qingyun Hall (ancient inscriptions), Pavilion (antique pottery), Cuizhenzhai (Jinshi porcelain pottery), (Huimo), Dai (lake pen), Yidege (ink painting) and China Bookstore (rare books of ancient books) are also Cuiwenge and Crescent Hall. After the reform and opening up, Liulichang was listed as an important tourist attraction, attracting tourists from all over the world to Beijing. Visiting the Forbidden City, climbing the Great Wall and visiting Liulichang are also considered to be three places that must be visited. With the prosperity of the antique market, Rongxing Art Museum Antique City, Haiwangcun Antique City, Beijing Hanhai Art Auction Company, Beijing Rongbao Art Auction Co., Ltd., China Post Dida Stamp Auction Co., Ltd. and Beijing Haiwangcun Ancient Books Auction Co., Ltd. appeared here one after another, which made Liulichang Cultural Street gain unprecedented prosperity and glory.
◆ State-owned enterprises are still the main channel of antique market.
During the planned economy period, only the cultural relics shops led by the cultural relics administrative department of the government were franchised, and there was no semicolon. For decades, commercial talents engaged in cultural relics management activities have concentrated under the doors of state-owned cultural relics shops, and folk cultural relics handed down from generation to generation have also been purchased into the warehouses of cultural relics shops. After the reform and opening up, although self-employed individuals have appeared, state-owned enterprises still have unparalleled advantages in terms of business scale, commodity quality, talent team and credibility, and still play the role of the main channel of the antique market. Especially the cultural relics and artworks before 1949, according to national regulations, mainly Beijing Cultural Relics Company has the right to operate, followed by Rong Baozhai, which deals in calligraphy and painting, and bookstores in Four Treasures of the Study and China, which deal in antique books.
Beijing Cultural Relics Company is the largest cultural relics company in China. In 1950s, it was composed of dozens of individual antique shops through public-private partnership, with sales offices all over Liulichang, Xidan and Di 'anmen. Headquartered at No.64 Liulichang East Street, the company belongs to Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau. As a public institution, the company's main task is to collect and protect cultural relics handed down from society through commercial means, provide collections and materials for museums and scientific research units, and supply some general cultural relics to domestic and foreign markets in a planned and selective way to meet the needs of cultural relics lovers. The company has more than 300 employees, a large appraisal team and sufficient cash, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. The retail outlets where they sell cultural relics to overseas customers are all approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration, and there are special invoices for the five congresses. The goods they handle are all appraised by the Cultural Relics Export Appraisal Institute of Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau, and they are all sealed with wax. When the customer carries it for export, the customs will release it with wax seal and large invoice.
The salesrooms distributed in Liulichang are: Cuizhenzhai, located at No.7 Liulichang West Street/KLOC-0, mainly engaged in epigraphy porcelain and pottery, with special invoices for customs clearance and wax seals when exporting; Qingyuntang, located at No.20 Liulichang West Street, is the only cultural relic store in China that deals in inscriptions of past dynasties. It also sells Four Treasures of the Study, such as stamps, inkstones, writing brushes and rice paper. , and there are special invoices for the Fifth National Congress and wax seals for customs clearance at the time of export; Beijing Ancient Coin Shop, located on the 20th floor of Liulichang West Street, is the only shop in China that specializes in dealing in ancient coins and coin replicas approved by government departments. Hongguangge, located at No.61Liulichang East Street, is the only specialty store (also known as a domestic store) in China that sells cultural relics with a long history to mainland customers. The cultural relics are painted pottery of Neolithic Age, bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, pottery of Tang Dynasty, porcelain calligraphy and painting of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc. Baoguzhai, located at No.63, Liulichang East Street, specializes in calligraphy and painting, fabric embroidery, and has a special invoice for customs clearance and wax seal when exporting; Dunhuazhai is located at No.66 Liulichang East Street, specializing in furniture, carpets and miscellaneous items. , and there are special invoices and wax seals issued by the customs at the time of export; Zhennan Pavilion, located at No.70 Liulichang East Street, mainly deals in stone, enamel and jewelry, with special invoices and wax seals for customs clearance at the time of export; Yueyatang, located at No.90 Liulichang East Street. It is the only store in China that can export licensed cultural relics for overseas tourists. Special cultural relics include Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Each piece of cultural relics has been appraised by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee, and there is a special license certificate for cultural relics export, indicating that Yunyuzhai, located at No.96 Liulichang East Street, mainly deals in porcelain after 60 years of Qingganlong (1795), and five special invoices and wax seals are used for customs clearance when exporting; Moyuan Pavilion, located at Liulichang East Street 108, mainly deals in modern calligraphy and painting, artworks, cultural relics, etc., because their calligraphy and painting sources are all from the hands of the artists themselves, and their credibility is very high.
Rong Baozhai. Located at Shutai West Street 19, this is an old-fashioned company with a history of more than 200 years. Now it is a state-owned enterprise with more than 300 employees, which belongs to the State Press and Publication Administration. The traditional business is to collect and sell stone calligraphy and painting, Four Treasures of the Study and antiques, self-made wooden watermarks, calligraphy and painting decoration, unveiling and so on. The paintings and calligraphy they manage are all from the hands of the painter himself, which is highly credible. Xuan paper is directly supplied by Jingxian Hongxing Paper Factory, Xuancheng District, Anhui Province, with the highest quality. Its brush comes directly from Huzhou, Zhejiang, ink from Huizhou, Anhui, inkstone from Duan Xi, Gaoyao and Shexian, Anhui, ink from Yidege, Beijing, and pigment from the pigment factory affiliated to the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts. The quality is first-class in China, which can be said to be genuine, and it is welcomed and trusted by painters, artists and art lovers at home and abroad. Rong Baozhai has a branch in Seibu Department Store in Tokyo, Japan, which deals in calligraphy and painting such as pen, ink, paper, inkstone, Four Treasures of the Study, porcelain, etc., and regularly exhibits in various parts of Japan. Some old paintings, seals, inkstones and other Four Treasures of the Study handled by Rong Baozhai were also approved by the national cultural relics administration department and sold to overseas customers, and were appraised by the Cultural Relics Appraisal Institute of Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau, with five special invoices and wax seals released by the customs at the time of export.
China Bookstore. This is the largest bookstore in Beijing that deals in old and new books on literature, history, fine arts and art, and it is also the only bookstore in the city that collects and sells used books, which belongs to Beijing Press and Publication Bureau. The bookstore head office is located at the intersection of Liulichang Street (Liulichang East Street 1 15), with 16 outlets in Haidian, Xidan, Xinjiekou, Chaoyangmen, Qianmen and dengshikou, and only Liulichang Street has 6 outlets. Because this bookstore has a history of more than 200 years, it has created a group of outstanding talents to identify rare books of ancient books. They also insisted on repairing rare books with nails and block printing.
◆ The four antique markets are separated from each other.
Since the reform and opening up, a number of antique markets have appeared in Beijing. After several years of natural development, these markets have been eliminated by the superior and some have shrunk, such as Drum Tower Market, Chaowai Shed Market on Chaowai Lu Shen Street in Chaoyang District, Huangchenggen Market, Maliang Collectibles Market at No.59 Liangjiu Road in Chaoyang District, Zhaofeng Market and so on. Now it has formed a scale, approved by the industrial and commercial department and supervised by the diaspora cultural relics department of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics. There are four markets: Antique City, Wanghai Village, Rongxing Art Museum and Hongqiao.
Beijing Antique City. This is the largest antique art trading center in Asia and the first antique art market in China to implement cultural relics supervision. Located at No.21East Third Ring South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, on the west side of Huawei Overpass. The market has a building area of 23,000 square meters, simple and elegant architectural pattern, magnificent decoration and distinctive national characteristics in China. The business district has four floors, connected by elevators, and there are more than 200 state-owned, collective and self-employed households. Business projects include ancient ceramics, Chinese calligraphy and painting, jewelry and jade, bone carving, red sandalwood, cloisonne, gold and silver bronzes, old furniture, carpets, antique clocks and watches, embroidered clothes, antiques and other miscellaneous items. It is also a designated unit of the Tourism Bureau integrating tourism, shopping, accommodation, conference and entertainment. There is a professional auction hall of 800 square meters, which can accommodate 500 people at the same time, supplemented by projection screen, electronic display screen, 24-way mixer, monitor, all kinds of ballroom lights and GBL speakers, integrating auction, business, conference and entertainment. Antique City Hotel has 45 standard rooms, KTV private rooms for restaurants, meeting rooms, beauty salons and so on. And there are parking lots, pedestrian streets and duty-free shops, which provide comprehensive services for industry and commerce, taxation, public security, banking, cultural relics identification and tourism. Besides daily business, China Antique Art Fair, Cultural Relics Art Auction and Folk Culture Festival are often held, which is a paradise for Chinese and foreign collectors and antique lovers and an art hall for Chinese and foreign tourists to appreciate the profound Chinese civilization.
Haiwangcun antique market. Wanghai Village has a long history. As early as the Liao Dynasty, it was named JD.COM Wanghai Village, so it was called Wanghai Village before Liulichang. Wanghai Village is located at the intersection of Liulichang East Street 1 15, with a superior geographical position. 199 1 year, China Bookstore transformed it into an antique market of 1, 100 square meter, with more than 70 collective and individual shops, mainly engaged in calligraphy and painting of past dynasties. Because some operators come from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Guangxi, Guizhou and other places, the goods are more local and diverse. The market often holds antique book exhibitions, hardwood furniture exhibitions, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, etc. The market management is orderly and has been well received by relevant departments. Japanese Prime Minister Junshu Haibei and US Secretary of State Albright also visited for shopping, making the antique market in Wanghai Village famous.
Rongxing Yiyuan flea market, located at Liulichang West Street 19, is a comprehensive handicraft and antique market, consisting of more than 20 stalls/KLOC-0. There are more than 3,000 varieties of celebrity calligraphy and painting, stone seal cutting, humo, ancient pottery of Duanyan, ancient coins and seals, jade tooth carving, antique clocks and watches, paper-cut clay figurines, gold and silver jewelry and art supplies. Because the market managers aim at good reputation and guarantee high-quality service, they make friends with domestic and foreign art lovers, and customers are full every day. It is the market with the highest attendance rate in all markets and the only antique market with full booths.
Hongqiao antique market. This market is located in Tiantan East Road, Chongwen District, Beijing. It was once popular in Beijing three years ago. Later, because of the reorganization of the city, the booth moved to the third floor of Hongqiao Shopping Mall, and it suddenly became depressed. Recently, the management office of Tiantan Park turned the northeast corner of Tiantan Park into a comprehensive shopping mall, including antiques, China paintings, oil paintings, folk crafts, Jingdezhen ceramics, Yixing purple sand, tourist clothes and souvenirs, bonsai flowers and so on. Because of the superior geographical conditions and convenient transportation, there are restaurants, hotels and parking lots. Supplemented by entertainment, the investment in stalls is very good. It is estimated that this antique market will prosper in 1 year.
In these cultural streets and antique markets, a number of talented gallery managers have emerged. They know art and are good at management. Compared with traditional old shops, they pay more attention to modern management characteristics, hold art exhibitions, introduce painters and emphasize artistic atmosphere. For example, Gao, manager of Daqian Gallery, No.23 Xinhua South Street, Liulichang, is an appraisal researcher in the calligraphy and painting appraisal laboratory of China Academy of Fine Arts, and his celebrity calligraphy and painting are deeply trusted by customers. For the convenience of customers, he also runs Four Treasures of the Study, carving stamps and mounting calligraphy and painting. Yang, the manager of Wenyatang Gallery in Rongxing Gallery, not only deals in celebrity calligraphy and painting, but also in art books, celebrity albums and auction catalogues, and often holds art exhibitions to introduce painters. Lei, manager of Huaiyin Villa, located at No.69 Liulichang East Street, has a wide range of business, including China ancient elegant play, bamboo and wood tooth carving, bronze ornaments, antique furniture, jade articles, porcelain, embroidery and statues.
◆ The flea market is extremely active.
In some remote or open areas of Beijing, some informal market stalls have been formed. Citizens set up stalls to sell their ancient coins, furnishings, stamps, food stamps, quotations from Chairman Mao, commemorative medals, used books, comic books, Four Treasures of the Study, porcelain, calligraphy and painting, and some foreign vendors peddled them. The situation was extremely prosperous. Among them, Panjiayuan, Guobao Temple and Guanyuan are larger.
Panjiayuan second-hand antique market is located in the southeast of Beijing, near Panjiayuan, the west side of Warwick Bridge on the third ring road in the south east and Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway, with convenient transportation. Covering an area of 50 mu, it is the largest second-hand antique market in Beijing, and belongs to the enterprise development center of Panjiayuan Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The market began at 1992, when a "ghost market" spontaneously formed on a barren and idle land. "Ghost Market" is a night market, which was called "Ghost Market" before dawn. For example, Song Mengyuan wrote in "Dream of Tokyo": "There is East Cross Street, the corner is wrapped off-line, the teahouse lights up at five o'clock, Boyi buys and sells clothes, pictures, garlands and other things, and it is called a ghost town at dawn." In the late Qing Dynasty, the ghost market in Beijing was extremely prosperous. Some royal dandies steal antiques and treasures for money, and some thieves sell stolen things at dark. Antique experts often pick them out and buy them cheaply. This "ghost market" disappeared after the liberation of 1949 Beijing, but now it spontaneously recovers here. Every Saturday afternoon, vendors from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China and other places gather by car. On Sunday morning, they light up and sell, and people are crowded. After the proper guidance of Panjiayuan Sub-district Office, it invested heavily in improving the management conditions, and set up management, industry and commerce, cultural relics (cultural) supervision, public security and other departments to gradually standardize the market. At present, there are 26 14 stalls, including 1505 folk crafts, 272 paintings and calligraphy, 65 waste books and periodicals, 750 waste daily necessities and 22 restaurants. The main business items are porcelain, bronzes, jade articles, woodwork, purple sand, calligraphy and painting, old books and periodicals, old household appliances, old hardware accessories, old daily necessities and so on. Every Saturday and Sunday is the hottest day, with daily passenger flow as high as 800 to 65438+ 10,000.
Guobao Temple Antique Market is located in Guobao Temple Courtyard in Guang 'anmen, Xuanwu District, Beijing. There are both permanent and temporary booths in the greenhouse. There are ancient coins, Chairman Mao's badge, stamp products, ancient books, handicrafts and so on. There are often some exhibitions in the main hall, and there will be a small auction of calligraphy and painting crafts on Sunday.
◆ The auction market is becoming more and more formal.
Since the first auction of cultural relics and artworks was held in Beijing from 65438 to 0992, the art auction market has developed rapidly, and there are currently more than 30 art auction companies. However, the larger and more formal ones are Beijing Hanhai, China Guardian, Beijing Rongbao and Shangzhong Shengjia Sixiang Company, which are pilot companies approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration to implement direct monopoly in cultural relics auction. After several years of auction activities, their auction rules, operating procedures, auction prices, etc. It has all been in line with the international art auction market. There are two large auctions in spring and autumn every year, and three or four small auctions every Sunday.
Beijing Hanhai Art Auction Company, located at No.80, Liulichang East Street, Hepingmen, Xuanwu District, Beijing, is the only professional company approved by the national cultural relics management department. It is a state-owned enterprise and belongs to Beijing Cultural Relics Company. Engaged in comprehensive auction of cultural relics and artworks, including accepting auctions entrusted by cultural relics shops all over the country.
China Guardian International Auction Co., Ltd., located at Room 603, Building 2, Henderson Center, Jianguomen Inner Street 18, Beijing, is engaged in comprehensive auction of cultural relics and artworks, focusing on auctions entrusted by private and overseas collectors.
Beijing Rongbao Art Auction Co., Ltd. is located in Liulichang West Street 1 Wanyuan Jiadao, Heping Gate, Xuanwu District, Beijing. It belongs to Rong Baozhai Company and is engaged in the auction of calligraphy and painting, Four Treasures of the Study and other cultural relics and artworks operated by Rong Baozhai.
Shangzhong Shengjia International Auction Co., Ltd. is located on the third floor of Aoxing Building, No.21Andre North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, and is engaged in the auction of cultural relics and artworks entrusted by overseas collectors.
In addition, there are two professional auction companies. One is China Post Dida Stamp Auction Co., Ltd., located on the 3rd floor, No.2 East Street, Xuanwu Gate. Is a national professional stamp auction company under the leadership of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, mainly engaged in stamp auction business, but also engaged in coins and telephone magnetic cards. The other is Beijing Haiwangcun Auction Co., Ltd., located atNo. 1 15, Liulichang East Street, which belongs to China Bookstore and specializes in rare book auction.
The Joy and Worry of China Art Market
April 20061621:15:11Source: Xinhuanet.
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Xinhuanet Beijing April 16 (Reporter Qiu Lin) The third China International Gallery Expo, which ended on April 16, once again confirmed the popularity of the art market in China. Most of the best sellers are galleries specializing in contemporary art in China. According to the organizer, the highest turnover of a single work of art has exceeded 4 million yuan.
Sotheby's China Contemporary Art Auction, which ended last week, set a new record of HK$ 65.438 billion+HK$ 300 million. The posthumous work "A Gentleman in Flowers" by the famous French painter Chang Yu sold for HK$ 281200,000 on the spot, setting a world auction record for China oil paintings.
Previously, at Sotheby's new york "Asian Contemporary Art" auction, a portrait of Zhang Xiaogang, a contemporary artist from China, was sold at a sky-high price of 979,200 US dollars. The total auction turnover was as high as $654.38+03.28 million.
"The global' China fever' is an important reason why China's contemporary art has sprung up suddenly in the world art auction market," said Hu Kai, president of Sotheby's Europe and Asia.
At the same time, behind the constantly refreshing turnover of China artworks, experts pointed out that we should be alert to possible market bubbles.
Jerome Sang, a famous French curator who once worked in Pompidou Art Center, said that the overheating of the market is a very dangerous signal. He suggested being more careful about the art market. He said that the sustainable development of the market must first be put in a correct position.
"China's art market has been neglected for a long time, and it only developed after the reform and opening up. 265438+ In the late 1990s, with the decline of the stock market, the art market gradually picked up, "said Hu Yue Ming, assistant director of the Cultural Market Development Center of the Ministry of Culture.
The art market is generally divided into primary market and secondary market. The main operation mode of the primary market is the marketing mode that art dealers put art into the market by acting as agents of art ownership, and its main body is galleries. The main operation mode of the secondary market is the sales mode that art dealers accept the entrustment of art owners and put art into the market. Its main form is auction.
"The secondary market directly skips the primary market, and works directly go out from the artist's studio, which is the most prominent feature of the chaos in China art market," said Lu Rongzhi, creative director of moca shanghai.
Hu Yueming pointed out that auction companies hope to get good works for auction, but due to the lack of good things, a large number of foreign works of art return, leading to fake auctions in individual auction companies, and even deliberately raising prices in order to create performance, resulting in a bubble in the market, which is harmful to the long-term operation of the market.
Linus cheung, a Hong Kong collector, points out that some collectors and investors use stock speculation to raise the price of an artist in a short time and make huge profits.
There is a problem of dishonesty in the art market from production to primary and secondary markets, mainly because the government regards the art market as a market behavior and there is no regulation and policy management. Due to the high profits and the lack of fraud costs, fraud is spreading.
In order to standardize the market, the Ministry of Culture began to promote China Integrity Gallery in 2004, and awarded licenses to the integrity management galleries recommended by various provinces, hoping to lead the primary market to operate in a standardized way. At the same time, establish a gallery integrity file in China cultural market.
"The government can't interfere too much in the operation of the industry from the price management mode. If the government wants to standardize the market order, it must guide enterprises to develop in the direction of standardization with the help of market behavior, "Hu Yue said." With the development of economy, China's art market will develop greatly in a short time. Overall, the market is developing in a healthy direction. "
Is the booming art market a rational investment or a "virtual fire rising"?
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