What is EIA1i. What is EIA?
Generally speaking, it is to analyze the possible impact on the environment after the project is completed and put into production, and put forward countermeasures and measures for pollution prevention and control. The core is prevention in advance, but many enterprises have made a mistake-even if the countermeasures and measures put forward by EIA are approved, it does not mean that enterprises have a "gold medal" in the subsequent environmental inspection. In other words, EIA puts forward advanced preventive countermeasures and measures for exploitable environmental problems, but the written feasibility approval and actual investigation process are still independent.
For example, through the EIA report, enterprises proposed to use facilities such as desulfurization and denitrification to help enterprises reduce pollution emissions. However, if the actual production of enterprises does not open treatment facilities, this is no different from not doing environmental assessment, so the environmental protection department will still impose penalties on such situations.
Even if the EIA passes, the facilities will be started, and environmental protection inspectors will conduct routine inspections once, twice and four times a month. If the actual sewage data is unqualified, it will be punished according to law. Therefore, what enterprises need to do is not to pass the EIA, but how to deliver the promise of EIA to the environment.
Second, how to "evaluate" the EIA?
See the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China for details. Roughly speaking, the environmental impact assessment system of China Environmental Protection Department is as follows:
The environmental impact assessment agency should first propose the project and be able to identify and assess all possible major impacts, then compare various alternatives, then generate a clear environmental impact statement (EIS), and finally draw timely and clear conclusions through extensive public participation and strict administrative review procedures (environmental protection departments).
Of course, this is an ideal model. In fact, there are many problems caused by human factors in every link, which is also the reason for the continuous streamlining and reform of EIA. 20 1 7,65438+10/The Ministry of Environmental Protection implements the Administrative Measures for Filing Environmental Impact Registration Forms of Construction Projects, and only needs to file the environmental impact registration forms online, instead of filling in complicated forms, and the subsequent processes need more similar streamlining.
Three, EIA and sewage are two different things.
In addition to not understanding the basic concept and process of EIA, some people confuse the EIA system with the pollutant discharge permit system. There are two important systems for environmental management of pollution sources in China, one is the environmental impact assessment system, and the other is the pollutant discharge permit system (the core of which is the pollutant discharge permit). Although they are closely related, the audit process and functions are independent. In a word, EIA focuses on prevention in advance, and pollutant discharge permit focuses on supervision afterwards. EIA and pollutant discharge permit are mutually causal, complementary and independent.
The pollution source management requirements put forward by many enterprises in the process of environmental assessment have not been implemented at all, and the environmental assessment and sewage discharge system have been drawn into two skins. The pollutant discharge permit did not load the information of pollution source emission characteristics, emissions, environmental management and monitoring proposed in the EIA, and failed to give full play to the role of fine control of pollutant discharge behavior.
Fourth, Socialism with Chinese characteristics environmental impact assessment
In fact, EIA is not only the business owner's business, but also the responsibility of "environmental assessors". Ideally, the relationship between the EIA process and the enterprise is: on-site investigation, process understanding, current situation monitoring, comprehensive analysis, impact prediction, and then conclusions and suggestions, with clear thinking, strong professionalism, and cooperation and respect from the enterprise.
However, the reality is quite different-the earliest environmental assessment in China was conducted by the superior examination and approval agency of the environmental protection administrative organ, and the organization, personnel, projects and benefits all depended on the "leadership face"; Outside, it is often guarded and contradicted by enterprises. Although the independence of EIA agencies has become higher and higher in recent years, the participation system is still "difficult", and sometimes the parameters in books have to cater to the "parameters" in some people's minds.
In recent years, social events about environmental protection have occurred frequently, the most stringent environmental protection law has been promulgated, and the steps of strictly linking environmental assessment with sewage discharge have also made great strides. Enterprises should realize the actual production supervision value of environmental impact assessment, and it has limitations. More importantly, on the road of self-upgrading, enterprises seek cross-border and breakthroughs in technology, technology, brand and mode, make products and production processes more environmentally friendly, and truly enhance the core value of products and the intangible value of enterprises.
Environmental impact assessment agencies, environmental protection departments and legislative departments that approve them should also adapt to the new form, reorganize the responsibility relationship between the content of environmental impact assessment report and the actual production and sewage discharge process, and stop some people from treating environmental impact assessment as a "sword" and some polluting enterprises from mistaking passing environmental impact assessment as a "passport" for safe sewage discharge.
What is EIA? Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the abbreviation of environmental impact assessment, which refers to the method and system of analyzing, predicting and evaluating the possible environmental impact after the implementation of planned construction projects, putting forward countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impact, and tracking and monitoring. Generally speaking, it is to analyze the possible impact on the environment after the project is completed and put into production, and put forward pollution prevention countermeasures and measures. Environmental impact assessment analyzes and demonstrates the possible environmental impact caused by human activities, and puts forward preventive measures and countermeasures on this basis. As a scientific method and technical means, environmental impact assessment can be applied by any individual or organization.
step
The process of environmental impact assessment includes a series of steps, which are carried out in sequence. In practical work, the workflow of environmental impact assessment can be different, and the order of each step can also be changed.
An ideal environmental impact assessment process should meet the following conditions:
First, basically adapt to all projects that may have a major impact on the environment, and be able to identify and evaluate all possible major impacts;
Second, compare various alternatives (including the case that the project is not built or the area is not developed), management technology and mitigation measures;
Third, formulate a clear environmental impact statement (EIS) so that both experts and non-experts can understand the characteristics and importance of possible impacts;
Four, including extensive public participation and strict administrative review procedures;
Five, clear conclusions in time, to provide information for decision-making.
regulatory system
How to use EIA to participate in macro-control
1, measures to resolutely implement the national EIA "one-vote veto". Any plan that violates environmental impact assessment shall not be approved, and any construction project that does not meet the requirements of environmental impact assessment shall not be implemented.
2. Mechanism innovation Actively establish and improve the linkage mechanism between planning EIA and project EIA.
On September 26th, 2009, the State Council issued a notice, requiring all localities to do a good job in the environmental impact assessment of industrial planning in the region. If the regional industrial planning EIA has not been conducted, the planning EIA has not passed the examination, the planning has been significantly adjusted or revised, and the environmental impact assessment and examination have not been re-added or supplemented, the EIA documents of the construction projects in the overcapacity and redundant construction industries in this region will not be accepted and approved.
3. New measures of EIA management in 2009
Batch review and reduction procedures Different projects adopt different review procedures, and special meetings and executive meetings are held in time for review.
Convenient and efficient to shorten the time. The project acceptance time has been shortened from five days to two days, and the number of project approval meetings has been adjusted from once a month to twice a month. Some projects are approved as needed to provide effective services for maintaining growth.
On the premise of ensuring the quality of EIA, classified assessment, classified review and time-limited completion shall be carried out according to the environmental impact of the project, and the EIA system shall be strictly implemented for the "two high and one capital" project to control its excessive growth from the source, and at the same time simplify the project review process for other projects with relatively small environmental impact.
4. Strictly abide by the principle of "four no approvals and three strictness"
The state has set up a "firewall" for construction projects that do not comply with the environmental protection law. "Four no-approvals" means that any construction that is explicitly eliminated or prohibited by the state and does not conform to industrial policies will not be approved; Projects with heavy environmental pollution, low product quality and high energy and material consumption, especially those with substandard pollutant discharge, will not be approved; Environmental quality can not meet the requirements of environmental function, although the economic benefits of the project are good, but the local environmental quality can not meet the requirements of environmental function, the total index project will not be approved; Construction projects located in nature reserves, core areas and buffer zones shall not be approved.
"Three strictness" refers to the strict restriction of projects involving drinking water source protection areas, nature reserves, scenic spots and important ecological function areas; Strictly controlling high energy consumption means approving projects with high energy consumption, high material consumption and high pollution discharge in industrial development, and resolutely putting an end to projects eliminated in the name of so-called technological transformation and stimulating domestic demand; In strict accordance with the requirements of total amount control, the total amount of pollutant discharge is regarded as a constraint condition for the development of regions, industries and enterprises.
5, "regional approval" into the daily supervision.
The so-called "regional approval restriction" means that if an enterprise or a region has serious environmental violations, the environmental protection department has the right to suspend all projects except circular economy projects in the enterprise or the region or its territory until its illegal projects are completely rectified.
On June 5438+ 10/0, 2007, the former State Environmental Protection Administration used the policy of "regional approval restriction" for the first time, and punished administrative regions, industries and large enterprises for serious violations, and punished four administrative regions (Tangshan, Lvliang, Liupanshui and Laiwu) and four power groups (Huaneng, Huadian, Guodian and Laiwu). This is the first time that the environmental protection department has used this administrative punishment in the past 30 years. The "regional approval restriction" was immediate, which curbed the excessive growth of illegal construction investment and fixed assets investment, and the effect was more obvious than any previous EIA storm.
On June 1 1, 2009, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued an "approval restriction order", which imposed "approval restriction" on hydropower development projects in the middle reaches of Jinsha River, construction projects of Huaneng Group and Huadian Group (except new energy and pollution prevention projects) and construction projects of steel industry in Shandong Province, which seriously violated national industrial policies, development plans and environmental protection access conditions and caused great repercussions.
"People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law" and "Regulations on Planning Environmental Impact Assessment" also define "regional approval restrictions" in legal form.
Incorporating "regional approval restriction" into daily environmental supervision has turned the sports storm into a routine system, turned the temporary "shutdown" into a platform to promote industrial upgrading, and made environmental impact assessment play a greater role in adjusting industrial structure and transforming economic growth mode. "Regional approval restriction" has become an important means for environmental protection to participate in macro-control.
Foreground forecast
In 2004, the Ministry of Personnel made an authoritative prediction on some aspects: environmental engineers (environmental protection) will be the hottest talents in the next few years, specifically, industrial hygiene scholars and toxicologists, biological environmental protection, chemical environmental protection, industrial environmental protection and other talents. It is estimated that many students were attracted by this "beautiful legend" and chose the environmental major after the college entrance examination. We will analyze the employment prospects and employment direction of environmental engineers from the following directions.
First, the employment situation: the job is easy to find and the salary is not high.
The major of environmental protection was rated as the hottest major in Strengthening 2 1 century. However, in the current booming graduate supply and demand conference, environmental professionals were given a cold shoulder. This is because in the specific environmental governance industry, the input is often greater than the output, and they win very little. Except for the recent annual profit of 1 100 million yuan in environmental consulting business and environmental technology service industry, other industries are generally in a state of loss. Therefore, related to this, the employment situation of graduates majoring in environment is also very good. Many students feel that their major is very bright before entering school, and they find it difficult to find a job after entering school.
Second, technical jobs: learning ability is more important.
At present, the main working directions of environmental engineering are still water treatment, garbage treatment and flue gas treatment, which are commonly referred to as three wastes treatment, sewage treatment and water supply treatment. It involves many industries and is widely used in employment at present. Flue gas treatment is the most popular and sought-after at present, and the salary is high.
Third, sales major: weak professionalism and wide choice.
When enterprises recruit most sales positions of environmental protection products, they will require graduates majoring in environmental engineering. Talents with professional background can give professional explanations to customers and also undertake some after-sales service functions.
Fourth, research: only choose what is useful.
Taking the major of environmental protection and monitoring as an example, it is the basic requirement for this major to obtain "intermediate analytical operator certificate" and "advanced analytical operator certificate". In addition, you can choose this certificate according to your ideal target occupation, such as "Intermediate Certificate of Indoor Environmental Testing", and you can choose "Certificate of Environmental Engineering Design" for those who work in indoor environment. There are also some basic application certificates, such as English, computer certificate and AUTOCAD certification, which employers will also consider.
Environmental impact assessment is a process, which focuses on the preventive role of environmental impact assessment before decision-making and development and construction activities begin. After the decision-making or development and construction activities begin, the environmental impact assessment continues through the implementation of the environmental monitoring plan and continuous research, and its evaluation conclusions are constantly verified and fed back to the decision-makers and developers to further modify and improve their decision-making and development and construction activities. In order to embody the function of environmental impact assessment, we must adhere to the concept of sustainable development and circular economy, strictly abide by relevant national laws, regulations and policies, be scientific, fair and pragmatic, and follow relevant principles.