Representative: Katsura Rikyu (かつらりきゅう)，Japanese for KatsuraRikyu, built in 1620-1624). On the west bank of the Katsura River in western Kyoto, Japan, there is an ancient building hidden in the greenery, which is the famous Katsura Rikyu Shrine. Katsura Rikyu Shrine covers an area of 6.94 hectares, including a mountain, a lake and an island. The mountains are shaded by pine, cypress, maple and bamboo, and the water in the lake is so clear that the reflection is like a mirror. Inside the island, there are pavilions and halls. The main buildings of Gui Li Palace are the Academy, Songqin Pavilion, Xiaoyi Xuan, Garden Hall, Yuebo Building and Flower Pavilion. In terms of "landscape creation", the architect focused on clarity and width. The whole scenic area is centered on the man-made lake of "Heart Pond", which integrates the lake light and mountain color. There are 5 islands in the lake, with earth bridges, wooden bridges and stone bridges leading to the shore. The paths along the shoreline twist and turn in all directions, giving people a sense of "winding paths leading to seclusion". The Songqin Pavilion, the Garden Hall and the Smiling Pavilion are all Japanese "teahouse" style buildings, which were used for the royal family to sip tea, view the scenery and take a rest during their visits to the area. The Wolbo Tower, facing the southeast and facing the Heart Pond, is a place for enjoying the moon. There are thousands of ancient books and various antiques collected in the library, all of which are treasures of the royal family. Types of Japanese gardens: 1. Kushansui. The so-called "withered landscape" gardens represented by the Ryuanji Abbot's South Garden, Daisen-in Abbot's North East Garden, etc. are the most famous. It is also called fake landscape, and is a unique Japanese gardening technique, which is the essence of Japanese gardens. The essence of the meaning of the garden without water, that is, the garden in the white sand, decorated with stone groups or the right amount of trees, because there is no mountain without water and so named. 2, Ikebukuro Garden is the center of the garden composition of ponds and springs, reflecting the essence of Japanese gardens, that is, the characteristics of the island country. The garden is centered on a pond, and is decorated with islands, waterfalls, mountains, streams, bridges, pavilions, and pavilions, etc. 3. Chikuzan-tei is a garden composed of a rockery built of earth in a garden and decorated with stone groups, trees, flying stones, and stone lanterns. Generally require a larger scale, to show the open mountains and rivers, often using the natural terrain to be artificially landscaped, to achieve a deep and rich scenery. Japanese Chikuzan garden in the garden mountain in Chinese gardens is called Gang or Fu, Japan is called "Chikuzan" (a larger Gang Fu) or "Nosuji" (a gentle slope of the mound or hillside). Japanese gardens generally have ponds and springs, but not necessarily Chikuzan, that is, Japan to ponds and springs of the garden as the main, Chikuzan garden as a supplement. 4, flat garden that is on a flat base for planning and construction of the garden, generally in the flat garden on the performance of a valley or the wilderness of the landscape, with a variety of rocks, plants, rock lamps and streams are configured together, composed of a variety of natural scenery, and more lawns, flower beds, and so on. Depending on the materials used in the garden, there are Shiba-tei, Moss-tei, Sand-tei, and Stone-tei. Pingting and Chikuzan-tei are true, line, grass three formats. 5, tea garden, also known as dew garden, Lu Lu, is the tea ceremony into the garden, for the tea ceremony rituals and create a form of garden. Area is very small, can be located in the Chikuzan Ting and Ping Ting, generally in a space before entering the tea room, arranged in a variety of landscapes. The stone path follows a certain route through the toilets and the washbasin to the final destination. The tea room is like a garden within a garden in China, but the change of space is not as rich as the level of Chinese gardens. The atmosphere of the garden is to symbolize the rugged stone paths in the mountains with the bare stones, to suggest the dense forest with the pine leaves on the ground, to symbolize the holy spring with the squatting bowl, to imitate the solemn silence of the ancient temples and shrines with the walls of the temples and societies and the stone lanterns. Characteristics of Japanese gardens: Japan is a unique natural environment of the island, warm and rainy climate, four distinct seasons, dense forests, rich and beautiful natural landscape, nurtured the Japanese people to comply with nature, praising nature's aesthetics, and even the name of most of the nature-related, this aesthetic has laid the foundation of the Japanese national spirit, which makes the work in a variety of different works can be reflected in the back to basics of the natural view. 1, pure Japanese garden. 1, pure Japanese gardens are famous for its pure, natural style. It is different from Chinese gardens, where "artificiality is seen in nature", but "artificiality is seen in nature". It focuses on embodying and symbolizing the landscape of nature, avoiding the traces of artificial axe and chiseling, and creating a simple and tranquil realm of beauty. 2, nature in the expression of nature, Japanese gardens pay more attention to the refinement of nature, condensed, and created to enable people to enter into the quiet and fixed, transcendent spiritual feelings, thus making the Japanese gardens have a durable, durable, worthy of careful experience of the delicate and delicate, containing but not revealing the characteristics of Japanese gardens; with outstanding Symbolism, can trigger the viewer's thoughts and understanding of life. 3, small Japanese gardens are wonderful because of its small and exquisite, silent and mysterious, abstract and profound. Large but more than an acre, small only a few square meters, the Japanese garden is to use this very few elements to achieve a great effect of rhyme. Japanese gardens, although early by the influence of Chinese gardens, but in the process of long-term development has formed its own characteristics, especially in the small courtyard produced quite distinctive garden. 4, plants Japanese gardens three-quarters of the garden by plants, rocks and bodies of water, therefore, from the planting design, Japanese gardens, planting configuration of a prominent feature is: the same garden plant species are not many, often one or two plants as the main plant, and then select the main landscape plant, and then use the plant. Main landscape plants, and then choose another one or two plants as landscape plants, clear levels, simple form, but very beautiful. Selection of materials to evergreen trees, flowers less, and more special meaning, such as pine trees on behalf of longevity, cherry blossoms on behalf of perfection, iris on behalf of purity, etc. 5, the impression of Buddhism and Zen A.D. 538 years, Japan began to accept Buddhism, and sent some students and craftsmen to Ancient China, to learn the inland arts and culture. 13th century, from China's another Buddhist sect Zen Buddhism is popular in Japan to reflect the asceticism pursued by the practitioners of Zen Buddhism, and the practice of Zen Buddhism, the practice of Zen Buddhism. In order to reflect the spirit of asceticism and self-discipline pursued by Zen practitioners, Japanese gardens began to reject the previous pond and spring gardens, and instead used static and unchanging elements such as evergreen trees, mosses, sand, gravel and other static and unchanging elements to create withered landscapes and water gardens, with almost no flowering plants in the gardens, in order to achieve the purpose of self-cultivation.