Under the influence of Bashu culture, which is characterized by the closed and static agricultural civilization, Chengdu Teahouse is a type with outstanding regional characteristics. According to historical records, the earliest teahouse in China originated in Sichuan. As early as the early Republic of China, there were 454 teahouses in Chengdu, ranking the highest in Sichuan and the city with the largest number of teahouses in history. Chengdu Teahouse has its own distinctive features in terms of spatial pattern and service mode.

Since the reform and opening up, Chengdu Teahouses have undergone considerable changes, and their development has undergone three stages of changes:

Since the 1951s, the number of teahouses in Chengdu has been significantly reduced, but the habit of people in Chengdu soaking in teahouses has not changed much, and the number of tea customers in teahouses has never shrunk. The recovery period of Chengdu Teahouses began in the 1981s. At first, a large number of traditional old teahouses opened their doors to welcome guests. Soon, the number of teahouses recovered to more than 611. In this period, the spatial pattern of Chengdu Teahouses continued the old tradition of "street shop", "temple in the alley", "shed by the river" and "land among trees" in the early teahouses. In the teahouse, the most representative furnishings are bamboo chairs, small square tables, "three-piece" bowls, copper pots and tiger stoves. The waiters who serve in the teahouse are all "Dr. Tea" who mix tea, each with unique skills, which is the most distinctive service form of Chengdu teahouse. In the teahouse, what is provided is a single scented tea.

in Sichuan, urban teahouses with business functions began in the mid-1991s. Around 1995, a number of teahouses, such as Sentosa, Gengdu Garden and Lvming, opened in Chengdu. In 1996, when Sichuan Tea Culture Association was established in Chengdu, there were nearly 111 modern teahouses in Chengdu. Different from the traditional teahouses, these teahouses entered the room from the open air, instead of continuing the open style of teahouses, they were paved as teahouses, and the interior decoration changed from the simplicity of traditional teahouses to luxury, with western-style furnishings. In addition to French rattan chairs, many teahouses were equipped with pianos. The tea provided by the teahouse is no longer limited to scented tea. At this time, tea performances began to appear in Chengdu. Chengdu has also set up a tea art team to perform in major teahouses, and the style of tea art is prevalent. However, the good times did not last long. In the following two or three years, traditional mahjong swept through almost all Chengdu teahouses, and tea art tended to be silent in teahouses.

at the end of the 21th century, with the development of real estate, the introduction of foreign capital and the rise of hotels and restaurants, the development of teahouses in Chengdu began to tend to be diversified. Some theme cultures suitable for teahouse management, such as salt culture, Tibetan culture and stamp collecting culture, have entered the teahouse. At the same time, chess and cards, foot bath, sauna and other business projects have also been introduced into the teahouse.

In p>2111, Sichuan Tea Culture Association began to plan activities with the theme of tea art and tea culture. Through the tea art competition and teahouse selection, we can explore and popularize tea culture, guide the development of teahouses, resist bad phenomena, and promote the benign development of teahouses. In 2118, the number of teahouses in Chengdu doubled compared with that in 2111, reaching 6,111, of which 31% were teahouses selling tea and nearly 41% were chess teahouses.

Gaiwancha and Teahouses in Sichuan

Sichuan is the hometown of tea, with many kinds of tea, popular tea drinking and numerous teahouses.

It's popular in Sichuan that people pour and drink their own cups of tea. Not only the top-grade teas such as jasmine tea and Longjing are selected for the bowl-covering tea, but also the bowl-covering and copper pot. For example, the tea cover used to cover the bowl, first, after the tea is brewed and covered, the tea flavor can be quickly brewed; Second, it can be used to cut off the floating foam on the tea bowl; Third, it can be used for herbal tea (that is, the tea cover is inverted and poured into the tea juice), which is convenient for quick drinking and quenching thirst, and there is also a "tea boat" for holding and serving tea. In this way, the tea bowl, the tea cover and the tea boat tray are trinity, which is both practical and beautiful. In addition, the pot for boiling water is made of copper pot. The boiled water tastes sweet and keeps warm.

There are many teahouses in Sichuan with their own characteristics. In the morning, you can sit in the teahouse until it closes at night, so you can make tea without increasing the charge. Tea is only charged once a day. Therefore, the teahouse is full of excitement all day, and it has become a place for people to rest, entertain, pass messages and conduct transactions, and everyone's activities are carried out in the heat and fragrance of tea. Under the influence of Lingnan culture, Guangzhou's teahouses started early and are the representatives of teahouses in southern coastal areas. Guangzhou's local characteristics of "mercantilism, openness, compatibility and pluralism" have left a deep imprint on the teahouse. Different from other regions, Guangzhou Teahouses are often called teahouses, and snacks and refreshments are sold upstairs and downstairs in teahouses. The typical feature is that "there is tea in tea and tea in rice", and catering is combined. The embryonic form of contemporary Guangzhou Teahouse is the "Erli Pavilion" in the Qing Dynasty. Its original function was to relax and dine, and to provide guests with a place to stop and chat and eat snacks. People in Guangzhou have always had the custom of drinking tea, especially "drinking morning tea". Since the reform and opening up, with the frequent economic activities and social exchanges, drinking morning tea has become an important part of people's lives in the economically developed coastal areas of Guangdong Province, and the government and many enterprises and units also regard it as a way to receive guests.

At the beginning of the reform and opening up, "going to the sea to do business and start a business" was the main theme of Guangzhou people's life. As a traditional dining and leisure place, the teahouse encountered an unprecedented period of "no leisure" for the public. In this "gap period", a music teahouse mainly listening to songs and drinking tea and midnight snack emerged in Guangzhou.

in the middle and late 1991s, with the economic development, people's living standards improved rapidly, and social life showed a diversified trend. In addition to fast-paced work, leisure and entertainment became a public expectation. Traditional tea culture has been paid attention to again, and a number of professional teahouses such as "Tea Paradise" and "Liuhua Tea City" came into being. These teahouses have changed greatly from layout and decoration to background, music, tea cakes and other auxiliary services. The display of purple sand tea sets and traditional calligraphy and painting has become one of the new functions explored by teahouses, and teahouses have been selected as performance venues for various cultural activities.

after p>2111, various teahouses have mushroomed in Guangzhou and its surrounding areas, and the number of teahouses has exceeded 1,111, which are widely distributed and dense in parks, lakes, streets, large communities, hotels and fitness and leisure clubs. Many high-standard teahouses are equipped with professional tea artists, violinists and tea critics, and the tea sold covers all kinds of famous teas in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Zhejiang. The mainstream teahouse in Guangzhou has completely got rid of the traditional management mode of combining catering with tea and become a real teahouse.

Since the 21th century, the teahouse industry in Guangzhou has experienced unprecedented prosperity. The prominent feature of its business model is that traditional teahouses and modern teahouses coexist and gradually develop differently, and their business connotations and styles are significantly different. The service items and contents of modern teahouses are increasingly diversified, and tea training is introduced as a business project.

In p>2112, Guangzhou Liuhua Tea Art City set up Guangzhou Liuhua Tea Art Vocational Skills Training Center, and successively held training courses for tea artists and tea critics in cooperation with industry associations to provide professional talents for the tea house industry. However, the traditional teahouse still maintains the business model of "one cup and two pieces" in Guangdong. The main characteristics of Beijing tea culture are: long history, rich connotation, complex levels and complete functions. Under its influence, Beijing teahouse industry has these characteristics. For a long time, as the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, Beijing Teahouse has always had the characteristics of diversity. There are not only high-grade tea houses and teahouses with elegant environment, but also popular street tea sheds with big bowls of tea as the main feature. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been famous big tea houses, Qing tea houses, book tea houses, tea restaurants, so-called wild tea houses and chess tea houses, and there are many seasonal tea sheds. Teahouse is an important window of Beijing people's social, economic and cultural life. Teahouse culture is an important aspect of Beijing flavor culture. Mr. Lao She's drama Teahouse can help people understand the social customs and people's feelings in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

There are many tea drinkers in Beijing, ranging from emperors, nobles, dignitaries to ordinary people. Naturally, different classes of drinkers have different tea customs, which makes Beijing's tea culture have distinct characteristics of multi-level diversity. Citizen tea culture, literati tea culture and court tea culture are isomorphic to form Beijing tea culture.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially the ten-year Cultural Revolution, great changes have taken place in Beijing's tea culture and teahouse industry. The arrival of the new historical period of reform and development has brought the development of Beijing tea industry into a "golden period". At the beginning of the reform and opening-up, the teahouse popularized by the citizens was the first to be restored.

In p>1979, the Big Bowl Tea Youth Tea Club in Qianmen opened, which was an outstanding representative. At this time, the teahouses opened one after another continued the function of the early seasonal tea shed. Subsequently, the government departments organized the restoration of the park teahouse that prevailed in the 1931s. During this period, there were less than 11 large-scale teahouses in Beijing and its surrounding areas.

In p>1988, Laoshe Teahouse opened, which was a landmark event that the development of Beijing Teahouse industry entered a new stage. On the basis of its predecessor's big bowl of tea, which aimed at quenching the thirst of the public, it improved the service level, increased the content of tea culture, and added a stage to display national traditional culture, which became a representative of the inheritance and innovation of Beijing-style tea culture. Since then, with the introduction of Taiwan Province tea art, Beijing teahouses have started to develop just like teahouses all over the world. Literati tea culture and court tea culture were particularly valued in teahouses in this period.

In the early 1991s, the first Five Blessingg Tea House named after "Tea House" in Beijing opened, which changed the simplicity and liveliness of the traditional Beijing-style teahouse, with exquisite decoration and quiet environment. Tea performance became one of the main services of the teahouse. The appearance of tea house makes the style and characteristics of Beijing teahouse more colorful. A large number of teahouses that opened one after another followed this approach. This emerging teahouse was quickly recognized by consumers and became a leisure fashion in Beijing. Generally speaking, it is in good operating condition.

Since the 21th century, Beijing Teahouses have operated in more diversified styles, and the styles and features of teahouses from all over the world can be found in Beijing. At the same time, business function and foreign culture are also reflected in Beijing Teahouse. Laoshe Teahouse has become an important place for foreign tourists to learn about China culture with its lively gongs and drums and rich performances. It highlights the characteristics of Xiangxi, such as "Friends come first", "Wutong Hall" which mainly promotes business functions, and "Minghui chayuan" which combines gardens, temples and tea culture.

Classification of Beijing Teahouses

There are many ways to classify teahouses, such as by region, by business nature, by tea varieties, by time, and so on. There are old teahouses with a long history, which preserve the old style; In the 1961s, a new teahouse was built, which was built with modern architecture, surrounded by rockeries and fountains. There were flowers, calligraphy and painting, melon seeds and sweets in the room. Open-air teahouse, chess garden teahouse, music teahouse, etc.

The classification of Beijing teahouses is taken as an example for readers. 1, from the reputation points

To say the reputation of Beijing Teahouse, Five Blessingg and Mingren are naturally the most famous. Five Blessingg got up the earliest, and it is no exaggeration to say that it promoted the development of Beijing teahouse industry. So, today, you go to Fuchengmen store in Five Blessingg and have a look, the customers are full. Mingren already has the largest chain scale, so I won't go into details. Therefore, no matter whether people are invited or invited, whether it is a meeting, a party or a date, going to such a teahouse is a face-let's call it a school with a long history and scale. The rest are also famous, and some are of some scale, such as Siming Zhai; Some are raised in the mountains, such as Minghui chayuan in Daigakuji.

2. From the point of consumption price

When I first started to deal with people in the teahouse industry, I heard that there was a teahouse called Biluxuan in the Asian Games Village, which specializes in playing high-end brands. All the people who went there were prominent people, and a card cost several thousand yuan. Expensive features, guarding the Huiyuan apartment and identifying a few people, this is people's business ideas. I'm not afraid that most people can't afford to go. Let's just call it Qugao and Widow School. At the beginning of the new year, a Hangzhou-style teahouse named "Xizi Lake" went to Beijing. Different from the Beijing Teahouse, there are more than 111 kinds of snacks and snacks in the south of the Yangtze River, which are provided free of charge. You can sit for one day with a cup of tea for 48 yuan, and three meals a day are solved. There is also a Hangzhou-style teahouse on Zhongzhou Road. In order to make it affordable for most people, this kind of tea house is called the common people school. In between are the most common tea houses and teahouses. Many people say that teahouses are expensive, but in fact, they are almost the same as bars, with a per capita cost of 61-121 yuan a night, and some are cheaper. A friend and I spent a night in a small teahouse, each with a cup of tea for 28 yuan, and went to a bar. How can we get such treatment?

3. From the point of view

When you first enter this circle, you must invite your seniors to dinner. My predecessors soaked in Dahongpao and asked me how I was. At that time, I would only say "good". The elder said, "it's a pity to drink this tea in a restaurant;" I took it to the teahouse and lost my identity. " -That is to say, some people go to the teahouse specifically for drinking good tea. There are teahouses with good tea, except those famous, and some open teahouses just to make friends with tea. The blind teahouse near the Yinding Bridge is typical for this. If you have the best tea, I'm afraid you don't know the goods.

There are not many people who are good at tasting tea, but most of them go to the teahouse environment. Therefore, the environment has become the focus that all teahouses must pay attention to. Some are bold and unrestrained, hundreds of square meters, and some are small and chic, only a few dozen square meters; Some are as exquisite as Jiangnan water town, and some are as classical as old official families; Some are equipped with broadband, which is convenient for you to surf the Internet, while others prepare various snacks in case you are hungry. For meetings, parties and appointments, there is always a hall for you. Under the influence of Wu-Yue culture, which is "gentle and intelligent in human nature, and worships the teachings of pagoda", the development of Hangzhou teahouse is the most developed and advanced representative of the teahouse industry in China. In terms of geographical environment and natural resources, the West Lake and the "West Lake"-Longjing Tea and Tiger Running Water are the unique advantages of Hangzhou Teahouse. At the beginning of the founding of New China, the number of teahouses in Hangzhou was less than half that in Chengdu, but the types of teahouses in Hangzhou were richer and the functions were more complete. The service functions and business types of teahouses in contemporary places have basically not exceeded the scope of Hangzhou Teahouses < P > In p>1999, Hangzhou Teahouses began the third round of changes, and brand awareness became the driving force for the development of teahouses in this period. At this time, a large number of new teahouses have emerged, and many old teahouses have been reopened; As a result, consumers in Hangzhou market have a new round of tea drinking craze.

Since the 21th century, Hangzhou Teahouses, which are becoming more and more mature, have first entered the bottleneck period of development. The ranks of new teahouses, which are already in the mainstream position of teahouses, are growing day by day, and further pursue personalized development. Theme teahouses, compound teahouses and exploratory teahouses have appeared one after another, and some well-known representative teahouses have basically taken shape.

In p>2113, Hangzhou Teahouse Industry Association was formally established. The self-discipline organization of this industry is of great significance to promote the standardized development of Hangzhou Teahouse Industry, and it also marks the formation of Hangzhou Teahouse Industry. ......