Jakarta
Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is the largest city in Southeast Asia and a world-famous seaport. Jakarta is located on the northern shore of western Java Island, at the mouth of Zhilion River, bordering Jakarta Bay, with a population of 8.5 million, with an east longitude of 116 49 ′ and a south latitude of 6 11 ′. Most residents are Javanese, and a few are Chinese, overseas Chinese, Dutch, etc. Most residents believe in Islam, Buddhism and some believe in Christianity. The national language is Indonesian
Land area
The Greater Jakarta Special Zone covers an area of 651.4 square kilometers and is divided into five cities, namely East, South, West, North and Central Jakarta, among which East Jakarta has the largest area of 178.17 square kilometers.
Historical evolution
Jakarta has a long history. As early as the 4th century, it became a port city with a certain scale. At that time, it was called Sunda Garaba, which means "coconut", and overseas Chinese called it "coconut city". It was renamed Jakarta in the 6th century, which means "Castle of Victory and Glory". The port belonged to the Bachachala dynasty in the 4th century. In 1522, Wandan Kingdom conquered the area and built a city. On June 22nd, 1527, it was renamed Jaya Garda, which means "Triumph City" and Jakarta for short. In 1596, the Netherlands invaded Indonesia, and in 1621, Jakarta was changed to the Dutch name "Batavia". On August 8, 1942, after the Japanese invaded Indonesia, the name of Jakarta was restored. On August 7th, 1945, the Republic of Indonesia was formally established with Jakarta as its capital. On October 21th, 1951, after the establishment of the federal government in Indonesia, Jakarta was changed to Batavia, on March 31th, 1951, it was renamed as Greater Jakarta, and in 1961, it was changed to Greater Jakarta Special Zone. Jakarta City Establishment Day is June 22nd, and a large-scale commemorative event is held on this day every year.
development course
Jakarta is a famous city with a long history. Hundreds of years ago, it was already a famous seaport for exporting pepper and spices, and it was called Quetta Garaba, which means "the land with dense coconut groves" or "the world of coconut groves". In 1527, Muslim leaders led the Indonesian people to defeat the Portuguese colonial fleet, recovered Gonda Garaba, and renamed it Jaya Garda, meaning "City of Victory" and "Fort of Glory", hence the name of Jakarta evolved. Overseas Chinese call it "Coconut Garda" or "Coconut City". After 1596, Dutch colonialists ruled Indonesia and adopted the Dutch alias "Batavia". In 1811, Indonesia became a part of the Netherlands, known as "Dutch East India", and Batavia became the base camp for Dutch colonists to exploit and enslave Indonesia. In World War II, Japanese imperialism invaded Indonesia again. It was not until Indonesia declared its independence in 1945 that the name Jakarta was restored and designated as the capital.
Today, Jakarta has become the political, economic and cultural center of Indonesia, the hub of land and sea transportation, the traffic throat between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and an important bridge from Asia to Oceania. Many ships at home and abroad use Jakarta as a stop to add water for maintenance. The suburban international airport is one of the largest international air stations in the world.
overall impression
Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is undoubtedly a city with a strong contrast between tradition and modernity, wealth and poverty. At first glance, it looks like a messy jungle composed of reinforced concrete. Looking down from the height of the city, you can see low tile houses mixed with high-rise buildings everywhere, asphalt avenues and bluestone alleys crisscross, and magnificent high-class hotels and high-tech centers are located not far from noisy and crowded villages. All this makes people feel that Jakarta also needs a better urban vision plan when it is committed to developing its economy.
urban division
the urban area of Jakarta is divided into two parts, and the coastal area in the north is the old city, which is a shipping and commercial center. To the south is the new district, which is the administrative center. Today, it is hard to distinguish. Independence Square in the center of Jakarta is full of green grass and beautiful flowers. To the east of the square is the National Palace, which used to be the official residence of the Dutch Governor and is now the presidential palace of Indonesia. To the west of the square is the National Museum, which is one of the seven museums in Jakarta and the largest in Southeast Asia. It is an ancient European-style building. In the museum, the model map of Indonesia Islands is very eye-catching, with figures of various nationalities on it. From the model map, we can see the national distribution, language and economic development of Indonesia. Buddhist and Hindu stone statues, ancient coins, seals, big scales, wooden utensils and classical musical instruments are also on display. In the Ceramic Museum, the porcelains on display are of various shapes, and most of them are products of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Some ancient porcelain dates back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. These porcelains bear witness to the friendly exchanges between Indonesia and China for thousands of years, and are also the epitome of Indonesian society and culture.
Jakarta is one of the three major tourist cities in Indonesia, with tree-lined streets and evergreen trees. The world-famous Poggel Botanical Garden and tea garden are located here, as well as Independence Square Park, Indonesian Miniature Park, anzor Dream Park, Thousand Islands, Central Museum, Istikhar Mosque and other places of interest. Kota is the center of Batavia, an ancient Dutch town in the 7th century, surrounded by Taman Fatahillah Square paved with pebbles. Going north from Kota, an exquisite and ancient Dutch building, you will come to the ancient Sunda Kelapa, which will remind people of the times when all kinds of sailing boats from all over the world gathered together.
city profile
It has the largest financial and industrial and commercial head office in China, hundreds of corporate offices at home and abroad, large-scale comprehensive markets and many professional shopping malls. The Jakarta Fair is held here every year. It is the largest industrial center in China. The main industries are shipbuilding, textile, automobile, assembly, building materials, ships, chemicals, fertilizers, food processing, tanning, printing and so on. Industry develops to the suburbs. There are six roads and railways on Java Island, which are the transportation hub. Tanjung Bulu, a foreign port, is the largest port in China. With the construction of Zhenkalan Airport, it is an important transit point for international air and sea routes between Europe and Oceania. There are 41 hospitals and more than 111 colleges and universities, among which Indonesia University is the most famous. There are also many scientific research institutions, stadiums, aquariums, zoos, orchids, performance centers and seaside tourist areas. There is the largest central museum in China and the largest in Southeast Asia. It publishes 25 kinds of newspapers, 5 kinds of weekly magazines, and there are national radio stations and national television stations. Places of interest include the Old Portuguese Church, the National Archives, the Presidential Palace, the Istikal Mosque, the Old City Hall, the Irian National Monument, the Dream Garden of Bi Na Liya Beach, the Jakarta Miniature Park, the Laguna Zoo, the Chipanas Summer Resort, and the Chipotá Botanical Garden. The layout of the city is quite British. The first Asian Games and Southeast Asian Games were held here.
climate characteristics
Jakarta is high in the south and low in the north. There are about 111 rivers passing through the urban area, the most famous of which is the Zhilion River. Jakarta has a tropical rainforest climate with an average annual temperature of 27 degrees. Influenced by the equator, the west monsoon is from October to April of the following year, and the east monsoon is from May to 11. The whole region is composed of Pleistocene sediments, and the southern region is a part of alluvium, with fertile land, evergreen plants and blooming flowers.
major industries
Jakarta has been the economic center of the country for a long time. The main industrial sectors are shipbuilding, textile, automobile assembly, building materials, chemicals and food processing. Indonesia is the largest oil producer in Southeast Asia. The refinery in Jakarta is expanding year by year, and most of its products are exported through other ports.
Commercial trade
The earliest residential areas appeared in the 5th century. In the 5th century, it became an important commercial port, trading with Zhanpo, Giant Port and China. In the 6th century, it was occupied by Vandan Kingdom, and changed its name to Chajakarta, meaning "Fort of Victory". At the end of 2116, the Dutch and Portuguese established a trading post here, referred to as Jakarta. In 1619, the Dutch merchant post was destroyed and the city was rebuilt, called Batavia, which became the capital of Dutch East India, gradually developed into the world maritime trade liaison center, and the trade spread to Asia, Europe and Africa, and became the main city and administrative center of Indonesia. After independence in 1949, it was renamed Jakarta, and in 1966 it was designated as the Capital Special Zone. It was occupied by Japan in World War II. The population is growing rapidly, and immigrants mainly come from Java and Sumatra. Most of the employed people are engaged in commerce, trade and banking, followed by service industry, industry and transportation. The city is divided into new and old areas. The coastal area of the old district is the commercial center, and the new district is the administrative center.
symbol of the city
The Independence Monument, the tallest building in the city, is the symbol of Jakarta. This marble monument, built by President Su Jianuo, is 137 meters high, with a torch sculpture made of 35 kilograms of pure gold at its top, which symbolizes Indonesian independence.
Tourism resources
In Jakarta, there is a unique tourist attraction, with a constant stream of tourists every day. Indonesians affectionately call it a "beautiful miniature of Indonesia" (also known as a mini park). This miniature park presents Indonesia's islands, mountains, rivers, urban ports, places of interest and historical sites, customs and customs in a miniature situation in front of tourists according to the geographical location of Indonesia. The park is located 11 kilometers south of Jakarta, covering an area of 121 hectares. It broke ground in 1972 and was completed on April 21th, 1975. At the gate of the "Indonesia Miniature" Park, climb high and look far, and have a bird's eye view of the panorama, giving you a panoramic view of the "country of a thousand islands". Islands and pieces of land, from east to west, are like green beads embedded in the Indian Ocean and the banks of the Java River.
in the "miniature park", the landscapes and buildings with different styles in 27 provinces of Indonesia are built as they are. Here, you can enjoy the tropical scenery of Sumatra, see the solemn and elegant white temples and the world-famous small pagoda of Borobudur on Central Java Island, and you can also roam the "tropical virgin forest" on Irian Jaya Island, and see the old canoe, the high-rise thatched shed made of tree trunks and the splendid palace among coconut trees. Most of the buildings and figures in the miniature park are made of clay sculpture, which can be described as a collection of Indonesian clay sculpture art. In every house, yard, forest and grassland, there are statues of people, birds and animals, the size ratio is the same as the real one. All kinds, all kinds, lifelike, as if in reality. On one side of the park gate, there is a circular screen cinema. Its exterior image is a golden conch, covering an area of 611 square meters, with 811 seats in the museum. The screen is the largest in the world, which is dedicated to showing documentaries about Indonesian customs, history, geography, economy and culture. When the movie started, although the audience were sitting in chairs, they felt that they were flying through the Grand Canyon in Indonesia for a while, overlooking the volcano spewing lava and ashes for a while, and they could see the Madura people racing cattle, witnessing the Irian people carnival, attending the Balinese funeral, attending the traditional wedding ceremony of Javanese people, and smelling the sweetness of bamboo tube rice.
Damlin Avenue in the new area is wide and tidy, and modern luxury buildings are staggered. This is a place where banks and large companies gather, and it is known as "Wall Street" in Indonesia.
main attractions
Istikhar Mosque
Istikhar Mosque is the largest mosque in Indonesia, located in the northeast of Independence Square in Jakarta, and was built in 1979. The mosque covers an area of 93.5 hectares with a building area of 93,411 square meters. There is a huge semicircular roof painted white on the roof, which is very eye-catching.
Major Islamic activities and ceremonies in Indonesia are held here, and Indonesian presidents and government dignitaries often come here to worship.
Independence Square in Jakarta
Independence Square is located in the central part of Jakarta, also known as modica Square (Merdeka means independence), which has the status and scale of Tiananmen Square. The surrounding streets are wide and tidy, dotted with flowers and trees, full of green.
To the north of the square is the Presidential Palace, and to the northeast is the largest Istikher Mosque in Indonesia; On the west street, there are the compound of the Ministry of National Defense and the Central Museum. To the east is the railway station. On the southeast corner of the square, there is a group of sculptures of horse-drawn carts shaped according to the story in the epic of Mochow Bharata, which is very spectacular. There is a musical fountain in the park on the west side of the monument.
Indonesia miniature park
Indonesia miniature park is located about 26 kilometers east of downtown Jakarta, which was completed in 1975. There are various physical models of houses, lakes, parks, memorial towers, shopping centers, amphitheaters, cable cars, trains, water bikes and so on all over Indonesia, which is equivalent to the epitome of Indonesia.
There is a model map of the giant Indonesian archipelago in the center of the park, and the surrounding gardens are divided into 27 districts, representing 27 provinces and regions in Indonesia, such as Central Java, Bali and Jakarta. Each district has buildings with local traditional characteristics and plants unique to the local area. Visitors can also visit "Indonesian islands" by boat.
There are museums, libraries, video centers, children's palaces and children's playgrounds in Indonesia Miniature Park, where teenagers can study traditional music and dance regularly. One of the most striking buildings is the Golden Snail Panoramic Cinema, which regularly shows panoramic movies such as "Beautiful Indonesia" every day.
National Monument
The National Monument is the symbol of Jakarta, located in the center of Independence Square Park in the city center. In 1959, the first Indonesian President Su Jianuo ordered the construction, and it was completed in 1968.
This stone tablet is 137 meters high, with a torch sculpture made of 35 kilograms of gold at the top, which symbolizes Indonesia's independent spirit. The relief on the monument reflects the heroic deeds of the Indonesian people against Dutch colonial rule. There are fountains, pools and statues of national heroines beside the monument.
Central Museum
The Central Museum is located in Independence West Street, west of Independence Square in the city center. It was built in 1868 and is the largest and richest museum in Indonesia. The museum is a European white building. There is a bronze elephant standing on the stone pier in front of the museum, which was given by King Rama V of Siam during his visit in 1871, so the museum is also called "Elephant Museum" or "Elephant House".
There are gold and silver ornaments room, bronze ware room, currency room, antique exhibition room, prehistoric exhibition room, woodwork exhibition room, folk exhibition room, East India Company exhibition room, etc., including the skull fossils of Javanese apes 311,111 years ago, Ding Hezhen in China's bronze age 3,111 to 4,111 years ago, ancient ceramics and ancient coins in China, the elephant head Buddha statue in Java, the unique house model in Sumatra and shadow play.
anzor Dream Park
anzor Dream Park is the largest amusement park in Indonesia, located at the northern end of downtown Jakarta, close to Jakarta Bay. There are newly designed hotels, open-air cinemas, aquariums, dolphin performance pools, artificial wave swimming pools, tennis courts, Haibin huts, art exhibition booths, warrior courts, golf courses, bowling alleys, sports stadiums, racetracks, beaches, nightclubs, steam baths, casinos, massage parlors, children's casinos and so on.
There is also a villa area in Dream Park, which has typical Indonesian national characteristics. Indonesian folk handicrafts are displayed in the art market, and artists also make paintings and sculptures for tourists on the spot. At dusk