1. Observation ability. Russian physiologist Pavlov attached great importance to the role of observation in scientific research, leaving a motto of "observation, observation and observation again". Observation is an important way for us to know the world and acquire knowledge. The strength of a person's observation ability determines the accuracy and breadth of his understanding of objective things. Therefore, paying attention to cultivating your observation ability will help you accumulate more experience and better understand the world.

When we observe things, we should form a good habit of being careful. It is said that when the painter Xu Beihong was studying in France, it took him more than three months to draw the retreat of a walking lion. He said, "It's best to draw with creation as the teacher, horses as the teacher and chickens as the teacher." Painting is like this, so is life and study. Only by being careful and earnest will you gain something.

However, the keen observation ability is not achieved overnight, and it can only be formed through the diligence of "never leaving your hand and never leaving your mouth". Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate the good habit of diligent observation in life, and the observation ability can be continuously improved.

2. thinking ability. We have to think about some problems every day. Different thinking directions and methods often lead to different results for the same problem. A person's thinking ability will affect his ability to solve problems and enjoy life.

Thinking ability refers to people's ability to analyze, synthesize, abstract and summarize things. The abilities of analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization are actually four kinds of abilities. Others can be summarized as five basic advanced thinking abilities, namely, problem solving ability, inquiry ability, reasoning ability, communication ability and conception ability.

To improve thinking ability, we mainly start from two aspects: one is thinking habit, such as developing the thinking habit of analyzing, synthesizing, abstracting and summarizing according to different situations when studying and studying problems; Second, like the cultivation of many abilities, it needs to be based on profound knowledge and absorb more relevant knowledge.

3. Appreciate. What is lacking in life is not beauty, but the eyes that find beauty. Whether there are "eyes that find beauty" refers to whether a person has the ability to appreciate. Only when a person appreciates all kinds of things in life can he have passion for life.

Appreciation ability refers to the ability to appreciate beautiful things and appreciate their fun.

What appreciation abilities do middle school students need to cultivate? One is the appreciation of nature. Discover beauty in the scenery or nature around you. Appreciating nature can ignite your tenderness and strength, and broaden your horizons and mind. The second is art appreciation, such as appreciating beautiful music, fine arts, extracurricular reading materials and film and television works, which can improve your cultural literacy. The third is the appreciation of science. Can arouse people's spirit of exploration. The fourth is the appreciation of people's quality and talent. You will find your own shortcomings and find an example to learn from.

4. Learning ability. Since 2006, middle school students who apply to enter Australian high schools have to take an examination to assess their learning ability, which is called learning ability test for short.

Learning ability is the sum of learning ability, motivation, attitude and innovation ability.

For middle school students, learning has five links: preview, class, homework, review and examination. Learning ability is the ability to learn and use knowledge on the basis of mastering methods in these five links. Learning motivation refers to the reasons for learning. Some students are for ranking, and learning well is to make teachers and students like themselves; Some students want to enter a good school; Some students think it is "learning for parents". In fact, the most lasting motivation for learning is the idea of "mastering knowledge, laying the foundation for learning more knowledge in the future and enhancing your competitiveness". Learning attitude mainly means to cherish time, work hard and be serious when studying. Innovation ability refers to the ability to use knowledge to create. Some people say that learning ability is competitiveness, not only for primary and secondary schools and universities, but also for an enterprise, the learning ability of employees is the competitiveness of this enterprise with other peers.

5. Self-study ability. We sometimes see the expression "self-taught". Thus, there is a causal relationship between "self-study" and "success". In modern society, the speed of knowledge renewal is getting faster and faster, and it is more necessary to accept new knowledge through self-study, so the self-study ability of middle school students is even more important than the subject knowledge they have learned. With the ability of self-study, I will lay a foundation for accepting new knowledge and new things faster in the future.

Autonomous learning ability is the ability of learners to complete a learning task independently.

The self-study of middle school students is mainly reflected in the preview of subject knowledge and the mastery of extracurricular knowledge. The important method of self-study is to learn to use what you already know, find out the difficulties in what you want to learn, and solve them by consulting materials, consulting others and thinking for yourself, so as to learn new knowledge. Middle school students should not only develop the habit of self-study, but also master more ways of self-study, such as watching English newspapers and English TV programs to learn English knowledge, because self-study by hard thinking alone will not be very effective.

6. Reading ability. Gorky, a Soviet writer, said: "Books are the ladder of human progress." But the premise is to learn to choose good books. Russian educator V.G. belinsky said: "Bad books tell you wrong concepts and make the ignorant more ignorant. Good books are the most precious wealth. " So I have to study. Liu Xiang, an economist and writer in the Western Han Dynasty in China, said: "Books are still medicine, and good reading can cure fools." In short, you should be able to read.

Reading ability refers to the ability to choose books, read books and use the knowledge in books.

There are too many books now, and people can't read one-tenth of them in their lifetime, so choose books that they like and are beneficial to their life and study. These books better be authoritative. There are many ways to read a book, such as the name of the book (according to the title of the book, the name of the chapter in the table of contents, the title in the text, etc.). Then read silently, recite, recite), describe (find relevant books to read according to your questions), repeat, classify, intensive read, skim, "keyword" read, skip, copy, compare, annotate and so on. There are two ways to learn to use the knowledge in books: first, think about similar and similar problems encountered in your study when you are reading, and study now; The second is to find relevant books when you encounter problems and study now.

7. Writing ability. Many students are worried about writing. They are eager to improve their writing ability, so they buy composition books and composition dictionaries. However, if you just master some beautiful words, apply some anecdotes and famous sayings of celebrities, and use more rhetorical devices, the articles you write will be bloodless.

How can it really contribute to the improvement of writing ability? The key is to write what you want to say and express in your heart, so as to attract others and write well yourself. Because only from the heart is unique. At the same time, only your own thoughts and opinions will be profound. To do this, we must see more, observe more, learn more and think more. We should learn to write close to real life, so as to make people feel intimate. As a student, the focus of Chinese learning should be appreciation, because you will appreciate, and you will know what kind of articles and writing methods can impress people.

8. Language skills. Everyone has to talk. But to say "listen" and "listen", you need to have strong language expression ability. Language expression ability is very important for interpersonal communication. In the future job hunting process, there will be more career choices such as hosts, speakers and journalists, which is also an important indicator of promotion.

Language expression ability refers to the ability of individuals to understand and use sentences and words, as well as the ability to express their views and introduce information to others.

Language expression ability can be simply divided into written expression ability, oral expression ability and persuasion ability. The most basic requirement of written expression ability is to be organized and organized, and on this basis, write vividly so that others are willing to read it. The ability of oral expression should be clear, concise, orderly and logical. You can't speak hesitatingly, stutter, or talk eloquently, and speak too fast. Be sure to be calm and speak appropriately. Persuasive ability is particularly important in students' debate. In addition to the above requirements, they also need to master a lot of basic knowledge and common sense as well as social hot topics in order to be eloquent.

9. Investigation ability. Mao Zedong said: "Without investigation and study, there is no right to speak." School education in western developed countries attaches great importance to investigation and research ability. In China, more and more middle school practice activities have introduced the content of investigation and research.

Investigation refers to the investigation for understanding the situation, and investigation ability refers to people's ability to consciously understand the objective and actual situation.

There are many methods of investigation. For middle school students, there are mainly: (1) written questionnaires. List the questions to be investigated as questionnaires, distribute them to relevant personnel, ask them to fill in the real situation, and then collect, count and analyze them. (2) interview method. First, make clear the purpose of the interview, understand the various situations of the interviewee, and then interview the questions you care about by face-to-face, telephone and email. (3) shooting method. Mainly use cameras and video cameras to shoot related phenomena and present them. (4) observation method. It is often used to continuously observe and record the growth and reproduction process of organisms. (5) Experimental methods. Mostly used for physical and chemical verification.

10. Research learning ability. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the century, research-based learning has been paid more and more attention by the education sector. Many schools have set up research study groups. Research-based learning helps students gain direct experience through personal practice, cultivate scientific spirit and attitude, master basic scientific methods, and improve their ability to comprehensively apply what they have learned and solve practical problems.

Research refers to exploring the truth, essence and law of things. Research learning ability refers to the ability to accept, verify and explore knowledge by using research methods in the learning process.

The steps of inquiry learning are: determining small topics, making plans, collecting information, counting results, processing and analyzing, and writing topic summary reports. In this process, the choice of small topics should focus on real-life problems that are beneficial to subject learning and are of interest to you. In the process of research, some research methods should be adopted: observation research, experimental research, literature research and investigation research. In the result analysis, we should be good at refining new ideas and suggestions to reflect the significance of the research.

1 1. interpersonal skills. "This man is easy to deal with" or "this man is difficult to deal with", which are two sentences we often say or hear. These two sentences are the basic judgment of a person's interpersonal skills.

Interpersonal communication ability is the ability to deal with interpersonal relationships. People have been dealing with people all their lives, and "easy to deal with" is easy to be welcomed; "Difficult" is easy to get bored. A person with good study and strong ability is not good at interpersonal communication, which will not only affect his normal mood, but also affect his own development.

As a middle school student, interpersonal skills are mainly reflected in the ability to get along well with classmates and help each other. To improve interpersonal skills, we should pay attention to five aspects: first, we should actively communicate with others; The second is to be frank and open, to "compare the heart" and "exchange the heart for the heart"; The third is modesty without inferiority, self-confidence without arrogance; Fourth, we should look for more * * * topics, only * * * topics can provide more opportunities for communication; Fifth, be enthusiastic. Enthusiastic people usually have leadership skills.

12. On February 30th, 2005, People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council issued the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), which clearly put forward the goal of China's science and technology development in the future 15: to strengthen the independent innovation capability and build an innovative country. To innovate, the first thing is to cultivate innovative ability.

The so-called innovative ability refers to the ability to create new theories, new ideas or discover new things, put forward new ideas and solve new problems with social value in study and work.

The innovative ability of middle school students includes the following aspects: (1) innovative consciousness. Including the desire and curiosity for knowledge, the thinking habit of being good at finding and thinking about problems; (2) Innovative learning. Master learning methods and form thinking habits of multi-angle thinking; (3) Cultivate innovative ability. Including the ability to accept, screen, classify, process and apply external information; Learn the ability to observe, analyze and solve practical problems; Language expression ability and writing ability. (4) Cultivate innovative personality. Including competition consciousness, cooperation consciousness, risk consciousness, independence consciousness, bold exploration consciousness, courage to practice consciousness and so on.

13. Self-awareness. A person's "self-righteousness", "lack of self-knowledge" and "not knowing his weight" indicate that he lacks self-awareness ability. Only people with self-awareness can correctly evaluate themselves and foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.

Self-awareness refers to a person's ability to understand his own strengths and weaknesses, temperament and personality.

Self-knowledge mainly lies in having a clear understanding of one's own abilities, intelligence, interests, hobbies, temperament, thinking and emotions, so as to have a clear understanding of one's own advantages and disadvantages. The way to know yourself is not only to list all the advantages and disadvantages, but also to be "people-oriented" and see your own advantages and disadvantages from the reactions of parents, teachers and classmates. Have an improvement plan for your own shortcomings and defects. For example, if you are afraid of interacting with people, you should take the initiative to contact people, participate in group activities and express your opinions.

14. adaptability. In class, I found that I had left my textbook at home, and the teacher suddenly asked me to answer questions that I couldn't answer. Conflicts with classmates, being robbed by roadblocks, being criticized by teachers in public ... these are all accidents. Encounter such a thing, we must have the ability to adapt.

Resilience refers to the ability to deal with problems quickly and accurately, thus improving the efficiency of study, life and work.

Cultivating resilience is mainly to cultivate the ability to remain calm and resourceful. When an accident happens, you need to keep a stable mood and come up with a solution to the problem immediately. For things that are really helpless, such as not answering questions in class, you can only make yourself remedy afterwards. It is useless to be afraid, nervous and flustered blindly. The ability to deal with emergencies should be cultivated from ordinary life.

15. Selection ability. In life, we have to choose friends, schools, majors and information on the Internet. In the future, we have to choose the object of work and love ... we often have to make choices in life.

Choice ability refers to people's ability to choose relevant information and the direct behavior caused by it.

Middle school students should have the ability to choose: (1) the choice of moral standards. That is to distinguish between right and wrong and know what can and can't be done. (2) the choice of learning methods. It is very important to improve learning efficiency. (3) the choice of friends. The key to friends' communication is "getting along". Of course, it is best to help each other, but people who have a bad influence on you can't communicate. (4) the choice of information. Middle school students should have the qualities of selecting information, processing information and using information, and selection is the basis of application. (5) the choice of personality. Character is not born, but acquired in study, life, work and communication. For example, an independent personality should start from avoiding dependence on parents and managing his own life well; A tolerant personality begins with tolerance for classmates and friends from an early age.

16. Reasoning and forecasting ability. There was once a group of people called "prediction masters". They speculated what would happen in the world a year later, and then some happened and some didn't. Why did what they foresaw happen? Because they have certain reasoning and foresight.

The ability to reason and predict is not imaginary, but the ability to guess and judge future results according to one's own conditions and abilities, as well as what has happened and the development of things in all aspects. Of course, this kind of foresight is not necessarily accurate.

Some middle school students give up on themselves because of their poor grades now, but if we analyze their own advantages, preferences, efforts and surrounding environment, we can predict that they will still develop in a certain aspect in the future, thus being full of confidence. In scientific research, such as Chinese and English reading, we should have the ability to foresee the following situations. In life, we should foresee how to develop in a bad direction or a good direction and avoid unnecessary twists and turns. In the future, you should also have the ability of reasoning and foresight, otherwise you may fail. Reasoning and foresight should be based on knowledge and life. Without knowledge and life experience, it is not easy to find out the cause and effect and development trend of things.

17. Ability to withstand setbacks. There are countless setbacks in one's life, and no one will be smooth sailing. Disputes with family, embarrassment with friends, unsatisfactory grades, loss of relatives, inability to go to school, unsatisfactory work, unhappy marriage and family, etc. Are setbacks in life.

The ability to bear setbacks refers to the ability to be tough and tenacious in the face of setbacks.

To cultivate the ability to withstand setbacks, first, we must learn to appreciate ourselves. Everyone has his own advantages and disadvantages. If we appreciate their advantages, we will have confidence. The second is to learn to analyze the reasons. Any setback has subjective and objective reasons. For example, when you encounter problems in your study, don't always feel stupid. You should actively find out the reasons and then solve the problems. Third, we should lower our expectations of ourselves. Fourth, it is necessary to clarify some situations that cannot be greatly changed or even realized, such as bad looks, divorced parents, and even the loss of loved ones, so simply don't feel sad about it. Fifth, we should have an optimistic understanding of setbacks themselves and regard setbacks as opportunities to temper ourselves.

18. Competitiveness. It is often said in TV newspapers that the competition in modern society is the competition of talents. Only people with strong competitive ability can have better development.

Competitive ability refers to the ability to gain an advantage in a certain aspect.

Middle school students should first have a sense of competition, which is an essential quality for their future personal development. It is good to compete with each other in achievements, selection of cadres, honors and competitions, but it is not competition to compare with each other in food, clothing, housing and transportation. Middle school students should pay attention to two points in the competition: first, they should have a good attitude, be brave in facing the competition, and at the same time adapt to failure. Winning or losing is normal. Second, don't attack each other because of competition, don't cheat in exams, and don't help others because of competition. Competitive ability is the embodiment of strength. Middle school students should learn to cultivate their competitiveness, such as improving their competitiveness in learning, communication, leadership (class cadres), adapting to the environment, health and so on.

19. UNESCO put forward: "Education must cultivate the next generation around four basic skills, namely, learning to know, learning to do things, learning to live together and learning to survive." Among them, "learning to get along with others" refers to the excellent quality and ability of students to cooperate with others in interpersonal communication, that is, cooperation ability. Nowadays, the social division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, and being good at cooperating with others is the requirement for talents in the future society.

Cooperative ability refers to the ability of several people to work together to complete the same task.

Whenever two people do things together, they should pay attention to cooperation. The cultivation of cooperative ability should pay attention to several points: identify your own strengths, believe in yourself, and give full play to your talents in cooperation. Accept others and respect their opinions. Forgive others' mistakes, learn to share the joy of success, bear the pain of failure and encourage each other. Be brave in taking responsibility, and don't blame your peers for your mistakes and shortcomings. More participation in group activities is helpful to the cultivation of cooperative ability.

20. Listening. Some people "don't understand" what others say, not because they don't understand every syllable, but because they don't understand the meaning. Listening is a very important ability in interpersonal communication. Listening means listening carefully.

Some people talk big, but they don't pay attention to whether others are willing to listen. Not listening to others is a taboo in interpersonal communication. Listening to others is a kind of respect for people. As a student, we should form the habit of "five hearts": concentrate on listening and understand the main idea; Listen attentively and distinguish between right and wrong; Listen carefully and remember the main points; Listen humbly and make a comparison; Listen patiently and pay attention to details. In addition to the "five hearts" mentioned above, there are many details in listening: according to different occasions, we should keep listening carefully to other people's gestures, don't interrupt in a hurry, don't think about other things when listening, don't get excited when others make comments, and don't listen carefully because others are not as good as ourselves in some aspects. At the same time, listen to the true meaning and intention of others. Another way to practice listening is to learn to sum up what others mean and repeat it.

2 1. Tolerance. We sometimes judge a person by "magnanimity" Generosity is a sign of tolerance. Some people say that tolerance is a symbol of civilization, an achievement of civilization and a cause of civilization.

Tolerance refers to a person's ability to accept different opinions, viewpoints, habits and moral concepts.

No two people in the world are exactly the same, including looks, personalities, achievements, preferences, pursuits and beliefs. If a person is always self-centered and always feels good about himself, others will not tolerate ideas different from themselves, so they can't communicate with others. Tolerance means accepting people or things as they are. Only tolerance can keep a calm mind. Only by being more tolerant can prejudice be reduced. Moreover, many contacts are often not your choice, such as classmates and colleagues, and it is often difficult to meet your wishes. If you don't tolerate their existence, you will only feel sorry for yourself. Of course, there are public standards in society, and people and things that are completely inconsistent should be opposed.

22. Self-management ability. Many teachers want students to improve their self-control and self-care ability, which belongs to self-management ability.

Self-management ability is a comprehensive ability of self-monitoring, self-restraint, self-reflection, self-correction, self-arrangement, self-adjustment and self-supplement.

The cultivation of middle school students' self-management ability mainly starts from four aspects: First, they should take care of themselves in life. Tidy up your stationery bag, learn to wash your own clothes, clean your own room, and do as much housework as you can. The second is to be conscious in learning. You don't need to be urged by others, you need to know when to learn what, and you can't delay precious study time. In addition, learn to summarize learning methods. Third, time should be planned. Nowadays, white-collar workers advocate a concept of time management, and work according to priorities and plans, with the highest efficiency in a limited time. Fourth, emotions should learn to control themselves. People who can't control their emotions are not conducive to health and communication, affecting normal thinking, and as students, affecting learning.

23. Self-protection ability. 65438+On February 26th, 2004, the strongest earthquake occurred in the waters near Sumatra Island in Indonesia for 40 years, which triggered a tsunami. /kloc-Tilly smith, a 0/0-year-old British girl, became a hero in this catastrophe that killed more than 200,000 people. When the tsunami hit, she was playing on the beach in Phuket, Thailand. Smith found the change of sea water, just like the sign of tsunami in the book. It was Smith's knowledge that made hundreds of people present retreat in time and survived. This shows that knowledge can enhance a person's self-protection ability.

Nowadays, traffic accidents, robbery, food poisoning, sports injuries, network traps, sexual injuries, drug abuse, and natural and man-made disasters such as fires, earthquakes, mudslides and tsunamis threaten people's safety at any time. Middle school students should have a sense of self-protection and learn more about self-protection in order to enhance their self-protection ability when injuries come. Second, we must abide by laws and regulations, school rules and regulations, social merits, and not cause harm or harm to others. Third, when you or others encounter kidnapping, robbery, network trap or sexual harm, you should respond tactfully and first ensure your personal safety. Fourth, avoid watching pornographic or violent movies and websites and playing pornographic or violent games. Fifth, strengthen the ability to bear setbacks, learn to ask for help, and avoid self-mutilation, suicide or revenge to hurt others because of excessive psychological burden.

24. Moral decision-making ability. "Don't be a little good, don't be a little evil." It is said that good things should be done no matter how small, and bad things should not be done no matter how small. Distinguishing between good and evil and worshiping good and evil is a moral decision-making ability.

Moral decision-making ability is the ability to face moral problems and how to deal with them.

Morality includes social morality, ethics, interpersonal communication and other principles of life. Some people divide the main moral qualities of society into three levels by standards: "selflessness and self-sacrifice" is the first level; "unselfishness, putting others before yourself" is the second level; The third level is "giving consideration to both public and private interests, and pushing others". It is good for most people to reach the third level, but many people are "harming others and not benefiting themselves." For example, minors commit crimes, hurting others and hurting themselves. The cultivation of middle school students' moral decision-making ability should start from the small things around them and what they can do, such as being modest and polite, not talking loudly in public places, not smoking and drinking, not doing things that violate laws and school rules, and improving their self-cultivation by learning knowledge, so that they can truly have connotation and distinguish between good and evil.

25. Self-improvement ability. No one is perfect, but everyone can make himself better through hard work. This is people's self-improvement ability.

Self-improvement ability refers to the ability to consciously correct shortcomings, improve deficiencies, and constantly improve their own quality in all aspects.

The cultivation of middle school students' self-improvement ability needs to pay attention to the following points: First, learn to see their own shortcomings. Everyone has shortcomings, and we can find our own shortcomings from others' attitudes and suggestions to ourselves and list them. Only by finding the shortcomings can we find the direction to improve ourselves. The second is to learn to improve yourself from all aspects. Ideological and moral character, interpersonal communication, practical ability and learning methods can all be improved. The third is to learn to motivate yourself. I believe we can do better as long as we work hard. The fourth is to learn to act immediately. Don't be a "talking giant, acting dwarf", just thinking about how to do it well, but unwilling to act. The fifth is to find motivation from progress. We should learn to see progress, even small progress, from the results of our efforts, enhance our sense of success, and thus generate stronger motivation to improve ourselves. Sixth, perseverance and perseverance.