The Battle of Troy

"From the evidence of history and archaeology, there was a war in ancient Troy." Dr. Liu Jian, an associate researcher at the Research Office of Ancient Medieval History, Institute of World History, China Academy of Social Sciences, affirmed to reporters, "Although archaeological discoveries did not provide conclusive evidence."

The American Hollywood film "Troy" was staged in the mainland of China and was warmly sought after. Although the factor of "God" has been skillfully eliminated in the film, this film based on Homer's epic has been questioned and questioned more and more on the issue of historical authenticity because of the lack of the most basic historical records.

Has there ever been a protracted and extremely cruel Trojan War in history? This problem not only raises questions among ordinary people, but also has been a topic of constant debate among historians and archaeologists.

The film Troy gives a new interpretation to Homer's epic.

"Homer's Epic is a work that combines myth and history, while the film Troy is a purely secular story, and the relationship between characters, characters and plot arrangement in the film are quite different from the original." Associate researcher Hu Yujuan said.

As we all know, Homer was a blind poet who lived in the 9th century BC. His two major narrative poems, Iliad and Odyssey, described a Trojan War in which man and god fought each other. Epic has been passed down through the ages. In Homer's Epic, whether it is the cause of the Trojan War-Paris, the prince of Troy, lured Helen, the wife of the Spartan king, or the process and end of the war-the Spartan king and his brother allied with the Greek states to besiege and attack Troy for 11 years, and finally defeated the enemy with a wooden horse, the mortal behavior was always interfered by the gods of Olympus, and the fate of the heroes against both sides was also in the hands of the gods.

It is not difficult to find that the film Troy tries to "restore" the war from a realistic perspective, and its deductive form is quite different from that of Iliad and Odyssey.

During the war, Troy suffered from lack of words.

on the map, a small town called Hisar lick in Turkey is the location of ancient Troy. Today's historians generally believe that the Trojan War took place in the 2nd century BC. "At that time, it was the end of the Bronze Age, and there were no words in Troy, leaving no record of war for future generations." Dr. Liu Jian said.

Up to now, historians still have to follow in the footsteps of archaeologists when studying the Trojan War. "Homer's epic, which was written in the 9th century BC, is the earliest and only historical data about the war in Greece. So far, no reliable documents can be found from the surrounding areas to prove the war. This is also the direct cause of the dispute over the authenticity of the Trojan War. " Dr. Hu Yujuan said that

The Battle of Troy was once regarded as a beautiful myth and imagination of literati.

The impression left by the Trojan War on later generations will always be inseparable from the "God" in Homer's epic. Myth has shrouded the war in an illusory cloak, making it confusing, just like a literati's artistic imagination picture scroll without realistic prototype.

Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the earliest oral creation of people in Europe, which was produced between the 12th century BC and the 8th century BC. It has been passed down from generation to generation by the number of ancient Greeks for hundreds of years, and it has been continuously artistically processed and preserved in various literary, historical and philosophical works.

Greek mythology includes two parts: the story of God and the legend of heroes. The story of God involves the origin of the universe and human beings, the emergence of God and its pedigree. According to legend, there were twelve gods of Olympus in ancient Greece: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, Apollo, the goddess of archery and the sun, Artemis, the goddess of hunting and the moon, Aphrodite, the god of love and beauty, Ares, the god of Vulcan and craftsman, Hermes, Demeter, the god of agriculture and Hestia. They are in charge of all kinds of phenomena and things in nature and life, forming the Olympian deity system with Zeus as the center and the olimp deity system with Zeus as the center.

The legend of heroes originates from the worship of ancestors, and it is an artistic review of ancient history and the struggle against nature by ancient Greeks. Most of the heroes in this kind of legend are descendants of God and man, and are demigods and demigods. They have extraordinary physical strength and bravery, which embodies the heroic spirit and tenacious will of human beings to conquer nature and becomes the embodiment of the collective strength and wisdom of ancient people. The most famous legends are Heracles' twelve great achievements, and Jason's taking golden fleece.

In Greek mythology, gods and people are alike. Some people are physically beautiful, while others are worldly desires, who knows joys and sorrows and participates in people's activities. The only difference between God and man is that the former lives forever and has no death period; The latter's life is limited, with birth, old age, illness and death. The gods in Greek mythology have distinct personality, no asceticism and little mysticism. Therefore, Greek mythology is not only the soil of Greek literature, but also has a far-reaching influence on later European literature.

Here are the main characters: (There are many figures in Greek mythology, at least tens of thousands)

In Greek mythology, everything starts with Chaos. . .

Chaos (Khaos／Chaos,): the god of chaos.

At the beginning of the universe, there was only Chaos. He was an endless space with nothing. Then came Gaia, the goddess of the earth, Tallas, the god of the abyss of hell, Erebus, Nyx, the goddess of the night, and Eros, the goddess of love. The world began

Gaia, the goddess of the earth, the daughter of Chaos. The noumenon of the earth gave birth to Ouranos in the sky, Pontus in the ocean and Ourea in the mountains.

Then she had many gods with her two sons. And Uranus gave birth to twelve Titans, which respectively represented the first things in the world (day, month, day, time, justice, memory, etc.) and Pentos gave birth to five children, which respectively represented different seas. She is the mother of the gods (the ancestor of Olympus).

Tartarus Tallas: the god of the abyss of hell, the son of Karos. One of the five creator gods, it can be said that he is the creator of the underworld and the ontology of the abyss.

He was born after and under Gaia, and later it was the monster Typhon who gave birth to Gaia's youngest son. He is an invisible abyss, located at the bottom of the world. After that, he is the place where monsters and some gods are held. Zeus imprisoned some Titan gods in Tallas, Tar

Erebus: the dark god, the son of Karos. One of the five creation gods, Tar Tallas was born above Tar Tallas (underground/below Caia). The incarnation and noumenon of darkness lies between the earth (Gaia) and the earth. He and her sister Nyx gave birth to three ancient gods:

Aether, the god of space, Hemera, the god of day, and Ka Rong, the god of crossing the Styx.

Nyx: the goddess of the night, the daughter of Chaos. One of the five creation gods, Eribos was born on the earth (Caia) after his birth. The embodiment and noumenon of the night, she is an ancient and powerful god. She not only gave birth to three children with her brother, but also gave birth to a large number of gods

urrows, or Eros. Cupid, son of Karos. One of the five creator gods, born after darkness and night. The embodiment of love, fertility and sexual desire. It is he who promotes the fertility and love of the gods, and he is the embodiment of all love desires (including the same surname and the opposite sex)

Uranus: the god of heaven. Gaia's eldest son and husband, the first king of God. Overthrown by his son.

Pontus: Poseidon, son and lover of Caiya, the earliest Poseidon.

Ourea (Ourea): the mountain god, the son of Caiya.

Cronus: the youngest of the twelve sons and daughters of Titan in Caia and Uranus. The gods of heaven and space overthrew the father and became the second king of God. .

Rhea: one of the twelve temples, the goddess of time. Cronus's wife is the second goddess.

Oceanus: one of the twelve titans, the god of oceans and rivers. Gave birth to all the rivers on the earth and 3,111 sea goddesses.

Tethys: one of the twelve titans, the goddess of the sea; Oceanus's wife.

Hyperion: one of the twelve titans, the god of the bright sun. Father of the sun, moon and dawn.

Thea: one of the twelve Titans, the goddess of treasure, light and vision; Betrothed to Leon's wife.

Mnemosyne: one of the twelve titans, one of the muses of poetry, the god of memory, and the mother of Zeus' fifth wife, The Nine Muses.

Iapetus: one of the twelve titans. The father of Artemis, Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menotius.

Crius: one of the twelve titans, the god of growth.

Themis: one of the twelve titans, the goddess of order and justice. Zeus' second wife, the mother of the three sequential goddesses

Phoebe: also known as Fubo or Fubi, one of the twelve titans, the mother of the moon goddess Leto and Astria.

Coeus: one of the twelve titans, the god of darkness and intelligence. Phoebe's husband.

Melete: one of the Titans, the twelve sisters of Titans, one of the Musa of poetry, and the goddess of deep thought.

Aoede: one of the Titans, the sisters of the twelve Titans, one of the Musa of poetry, and the goddess of singing

Atlas: the brother of Prometheus. One of the tallest and strongest gods. He was punished for failing to resist Zeus.

Prometheus: the son of Iapetus. One of the most wise gods is called "prophet". Creator and protector of mankind. Because Zeus was locked in the Caucasus Mountain, vultures pecked at his liver every day, and then he grew well again and again. After being rescued by Heracles.

Epimetheus: the brother of Prometheus. One of the most stupid gods is called "the last to know". As a result of accepting a gift from Zeus-Pandora as his wife, diseases, evils and other disasters flew out of the "pandoras box".

Menoetius: the brother of Prometheus, the god of violence and anger, was struck by Zeus with lightning.

Metis: goddess of wisdom, daughter of Oke Anoos, first wife of Zeus, mother of Athena

Eurynome: goddess of the sea, daughter of Oke Anoos, third wife of Zeus, mother of three graces

Leto (Leto): goddess of the night, daughter of Oke and Phoebe. Artemis, the sixth wife of Zeus and the mother of Apollo

The following is the god of Greek mythology:

The god of Olympus:

(1) zeus)：

★ Zeus is the son of Cronus, the king of all gods, in charge of the sky. The supreme god in Greek mythology, who mastered lightning, is also called Raytheon. With the support of his mother Rhea, he killed his father Cronus and became the third generation God King. Character is extremely lewd, often cheating on his wife Hera with other goddesses and mortals, and there are countless illegitimate children.

★ The symbols of Zeus are eagle, oak tree and mountain peak; His favorite sacrifices are a female goat and a white bull with golden horns.

★ History of Rise

When Zeus was born, his father Cronus was in power, and his mother Rhea was afraid that Zeus would be swallowed up by his father. Note: For some reasons, Cronus could not let his children live, so he hid him in Crete and was raised by three female fairies-on the island, a female goat provided him with sacred milk and an eagle brought him fairy wine; Whenever he cried, Rhea's servants went to the cradle to dance for Zeus, and beat the bronze shield with a dagger to cover up his crying, so Cronus never discovered this secret.

Zeus thrives on the island day by day. One day, when he was playing with a female goat, he accidentally pushed her down and broke a beautiful horn. Fairy Amar Theia quickly healed her wounds, while Zeus picked up the horn, endowed it with magical powers, and presented it to the kind fairy. This ram's horn has been called "the horn of abundance" since then, because it can produce all kinds of delicious food.

When Zeus came of age, he tricked out five brothers and sisters who were swallowed by his father, and together they overthrew Cronus and finally ascended the throne.

(2) Hera)：

★ Hera is the daughter of Cronus, the sister and wife of Zeus; She is in charge of marriage and childbirth and is the patron saint of women; Hera is elegant in temperament, beautiful in appearance, and faithful to her partner. She is worthy of being the queen of heaven, but her jealousy is also famous in the world. Therefore, Hera and Zeus often have fierce quarrels, but usually Zeus' rhetoric can always make them reconciled.

★ The symbol of Hera is peacock, because this bird with colorful feathers and full of stars is a symbol of the beautiful and spectacular night sky, and the sky is just the radiant of Hera.

(3) Poseidon)：

★ The king of the sea, the second brother of Zeus, holds a huge trident and commands all creatures in the sea. It is described as half man and half fish, and it can call the wind and rain. Violent and cruel.

★ Horses and oxen are his sacred objects.

(4) Hades:

★ Zeus, Poseidon, the elder brother of Demeter, is in charge of the underworld, with strong strength but calm personality. There is no evil except robbing Persephone Nie, the daughter of Demeter, the goddess of harvest, as his wife.

★ I like black best, and my favorite sacrifice is a black ewe or black bull wrapped in black gauze. Poplar is his sacred tree

★ Introduction to hades

After people died, Hermes, the guiding god, carried their souls from the darkness (Eribos) to hades. Here, a big black river, the Akron River-the river of pain, surges. The river blocks the way forward, and only a bearded boatman Caron can ferry the dead to the other side. However, the undead must pay a certain fee to get on the boat, otherwise they will wander along the river of pain and find no home.

After crossing the river, there is a vast gray plain, which is called the Garden of Truth. There are two roads connecting here, which lead to the Elysee Paradise, a place of happiness, and the hell, a place of pain. The undead were tried by Minos, Radamandas and Arcos, the three judges of the underworld, at the judgment table in front of the Garden of Truth. Guilty people will receive different punishments in hell according to their crimes, while those who are innocent will be able to have fun in the beautiful and peaceful Elysee.