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argentina national flag
With an area of 2.78 million square kilometers, Argentina is the second largest country in South America, second only to Brazil. Located in the southeast of South America, it faces the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Antarctica across the sea in the south, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north and Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast. The terrain gradually flattens from west to east. The main mountain ranges are Ohosde salado, Mexicana and Aconcagua, with an altitude of 6,964 meters, which is the highest among all the peaks in South America. With a total length of 4,700 kilometers, parana river is the second largest river in South America. The main lakes are Lake Chiquita, Lake Argentina and Lake Bedma. It has a tropical climate in the north, a subtropical climate in the middle and a temperate climate in the south. The famous Umawaka Canyon was once the gateway of ancient Inca culture to Argentina, and it was called "Inca Road". Buenos Aires is one of the most prosperous cities in Latin America, which means "good air" in Spanish. Located on the west bank of the La Plata River, the city is known as "Paris of South America" with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
Basic profile
The national bird of Argentina, the brown furnace bird.
1527, Spanish explorer sebastian Cavoto led an expedition to the South American continent, upstream from a wide estuary and inland. Explorers found that the local Indians wore a lot of silver ornaments, thinking that the local area was rich in silver, so they named this river the La Plata River and called this area the La Plata District. The Spanish colonial rulers later changed the La Plata district into a province. 1865438+On July 9, 2006, La Plata declared its independence and officially named the country Argentina. The word Argentina comes from Latin, which means not only silver in a specific sense, but also "currency" and "wealth". Although this vast land does not produce silver, it has fertile soil, lush grasslands and good climate, making Argentina a "granary and meat bank of the world" and its wealth is rolling in. Therefore, it is appropriate to call this country "Argentina".
Argentina
Population: more than 37.8 million. The main ethnic groups are Europeans and Indians, of which whites account for 97%, mostly of Italian and Spanish descent. It is the country with the highest proportion of whites in South America. The urban population accounts for four fifths. Ethnic groups such as hybrids and Indians account for 3%. The official language is Spanish. 87% of the residents believe in Catholicism, and the rest believe in Protestantism and other religions.
Capital: Buenos Aires is one of the most prosperous cities in Latin America, which means "good air" in Spanish. Located on the west bank of the La Plata River, the city is known as "Paris of South America" with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. The city is famous for its many parks, squares and monuments. Urban architecture is mostly influenced by European culture, and there are still ancient buildings in Spanish and Italian styles centuries ago. The population is 2.78 million (200 1 year), including the suburb of Buenos Aires19 * * *13.83 million (200 1 year).
Erythrina argentina national tree
National flag: Argentina's national flag is rectangular, with a length-width ratio of about 5: 3. From top to bottom, it consists of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles: light blue, white and light blue. In the middle of the white rectangle is a "Sun in May". The body of the sun resembles a human face, which is the first coin pattern issued by Argentina. There are 32 curved and straight rays distributed equally along the circumference of the sun. Light blue symbolizes justice, while white symbolizes faith, purity, integrity and nobility; "The Sun in May" symbolizes freedom and dawn. June 20th is the National Flag Day every year-1810. The famous May Revolution broke out in Argentina, overthrew the Spanish governor and started the great war of independence. In order to boost morale and guide troops to fight, General Belgrano, who led the War of Independence, personally designed and directed the production of a light blue and white flag. These two colors symbolize purity and piety respectively. 1965438+On September 9, 2006, when the Argentine Republic was proclaimed, it was this national flag that was raised. Since then, it has been officially identified as the national flag of Argentina.
National emblem of Argentina
Currency: peso
National emblem: The national emblem of Argentina is oval. The oval surface is blue and white, which is the color of the national flag, and there is a "Sun in May" at the top, which means the same as the national flag. The oval has two clasped hands, symbolizing unity; Holding a "staff of freedom" in his hand symbolizes rights, laws, dignity and sovereignty; At the top of the pole is a red "free hat". The oval pattern is surrounded by green laurel leaves, green symbolizes loyalty and friendship, and laurel leaves symbolize victory and glory.
National Tree: Cybertree
The national flower of Argentina-Cyberflower
National flower: Cyberflower with rosy light. Cybertron is a woody leguminous plant, mainly distributed in Central and South America. During the Spanish colonial rule, the Indians in La Plata region rose up constantly to resist. Legend has it that in a battle, an Indian tribal chief was unfortunately killed, and her daughter Anayi stepped forward to direct the battle and fought bloody battles with Spanish colonists. Finally, she was caught. Spanish colonists tied Arnail to a cyber tree and tried to burn her. Arnail died generously in the raging fire. At this time, the tree before flowering suddenly bloomed with red flowers full of branches and strings, such as fire and blood. 1942, Argentina officially confirmed Cyberflower as the national flower of Argentina by decree.
National bird: brown furnace bird
Argentine currency-peso
Independence Day: July 9th (18 16).
National Day: May 25th (19 10)
Falklands War Veterans' Day: April 2 (1982)
State dignitaries: President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. He took office from June 5438 to February 65438, 2007, with a term of four years.
Argentina
The national anthem introduces Argentina's March of the Motherland, which is the first national anthem in Latin America. On May 18 1 1 day, 2003, the Argentine Congress passed a resolution, confirming the lyrics of Vincent Ló pez Planes (1785- 1856), and Blas Paarala (blasin/KLOC-0 Julio Rocca (Julio Argentina/KOOC-0/843-/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/965438 President of Argentina (/KOOC-0/880-/KOOC-0/886 and/KOOC-0/898-/KOOC-)
Argentina
Main idea of the lyrics: earthlings! Listen to the sacred voice: freedom, freedom, freedom! The shackles of slaves have been broken, broken; Free to ascend the throne. The throne full of honor has been built, and the victory belongs to the South Province Alliance! Free people all over the world cheered: Bless the great country Argentina! Bless the great country Argentina!
The new heroes are full of energy and as brave as Wu Shen. Their hearts are filled with lofty sentiments, and their swagger makes the earth tremble. Incas are waking up from their graves, rekindling their enthusiasm and encouraging their children to rebuild the good name of their former motherland!
Cliff crack, wall collapse, sound like thunder; There are cries of revenge and war everywhere, and everything is outrageous. The evil tyrant is jealous, spits venom and stinks. His hands are waving bloody military flags to wage war, which is cruel and inhuman. It is cruel and inhuman to wage war!
Argentina
Argentines, the invaders are challenging you. They are despicable, arrogant, crazy and grinning, trampling on our land, and will eventually fail and be doomed to perish. The brave men who took a generous oath together went to the battlefield to beat up these bloodthirsty tigers and wolves for freedom. Their will is as strong as an iron wall, and their will is as strong as an iron wall!
Brave Argentines walked to the reins, full of energy and high morale; The horn of the battle rumbled with the guns and resounded through the southern battlefield. Buenos Aires is the pioneer of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, leading a famous alliance city. They will wave their strong arms and hang arrogant Iberian lions!
The god of victory spread his glorious wings and sheltered the Argentine warriors. The tyrant saw the shit and ran away with his tail between his legs. He surrendered his flag and weapons, won the trophy and thanked him for his freedom. The people are inspiring colorful wings, holding their heads high, holding their heads high, holding their heads high!
Due from the South Pole, the North Pole resounds with trumpets, conveying its great reputation. It repeatedly calls to people in the name of the United States, unprocessed people, please listen: the throne full of honor has been built, and victory belongs to the Southern Province Alliance! Free people all over the world cheered: Bless the great country Argentina! Bless the great country Argentina!
Remember how you won the laurel and make it last forever! We live with honor and we will die with honor.
Brief introduction to history
Argentina
Indians lived before16th century. 1535 Spain established a colonial stronghold in La Plata. 1776 Spain established the viceroy of La Plata, with Buenos Aires as its capital. 18 10 On May 25th, the people of Buenos Aires launched the "May Revolution" against Spanish rule and established the first government committee. From 18 12, the Argentine people, under the leadership of the national hero San Martin, launched a large-scale armed struggle against the Spanish colonial army, and finally declared independence on July 9, 2006. 1853 the first constitution was enacted and the federal Republic was established. Urqui Za was elected as the first president. Bartolomé Mitre took office in 1862, ending the long-term division and turmoil after independence. Since the 1930s, there has been a situation in which soldiers and literati are in power alternately. From 65438 to 0983, the democratically elected government of Alfonsin came to power, restored the constitutional system, and vigorously promoted the democratization process.
1On April 2, 982, the Falklands War broke out between Argentina and Britain over the sovereignty of the Malvinas Islands. On June 4 of the same year, the British army defeated the Argentine army and continued to occupy the island.
Geographical climate
aconcagua
With an area of 2,780,400 square kilometers and a coastline of more than 4,000 kilometers, it is the second largest country in Latin America, second only to Brazil. Located in the southeast of South America, it faces the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Antarctica across the sea in the south, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north and Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast. The terrain gradually flattens from west to east. The west is a mountainous area dominated by the undulating and majestic Andes, which runs through more than 3000 kilometers from north to south, accounting for about 30% of the country's area; Pampas grassland in the east and middle is a famous farming and pastoral area. The northern part is mainly the Granchako Plain, where there are swamps and forests. In the south is Patagonia Plateau. The main mountain ranges are Ohosde salado, Mexicana and Aconcagua, with an altitude of 6,964 meters, which is the highest among all the peaks in South America. With a total length of 4,700 kilometers, parana river is the second largest river in South America. The main lakes are Lake Chiquita, Lake Argentina and Lake Bedma.
It has a tropical climate in the north, a subtropical climate in the middle and a temperate climate in the south. The average annual temperature in most areas is between 16-23℃. There is abundant precipitation in the northeast, about 1 1,000 mm, and 250 mm in the northwest and south. There is more rain in summer. The parana river-La Plata River, with a total length of 5,580 kilometers, is the second largest water system in South America. Its main tributaries are international rivers such as Paraguay River and Uruguay River, and there are many glacial lakes in the south of the Andes. The famous Umawaka Canyon was once the gateway of ancient Inca culture to Argentina, and it was called "Inca Road". Argentina is rich in mineral resources, mainly including oil, natural gas, coal, iron and silver. Water resources are abundant. The forest area accounts for 22% of the national area. Coastal fishery resources are abundant.
Argentina, a natural product, seems to be particularly favored by the creator. It has enviable natural conditions and resources and rich products. Besides food, beef, fruits, vegetables and other agricultural products, tannin extract is particularly worth mentioning.
Magnificent Iguazu Falls
Tannin, scientific name, is an important raw material for tanning. Argentine has the largest tannin extract tree (called vertical tree in China) resources in the world. More than 80% of its tannin extract is exported to the United States, Europe and Asia, and China also imports Argentine tannin extract every year.
Tannin tree grows very slowly and is hard, so it is called "axe tree" in Indian language. It is said that the 70-year-old tannin tree is only 30 cm in diameter. Its stem ring is tight and light brown, and it sinks immediately after being put into the water.
The first early tannin extract factory in Argentina was built in 1894. After that, the tannin extract industry developed rapidly, with an output of 450,000 tons in 1926 and more than 200,000 tons exported in 1930s and 1940s, accounting for 2/3 of the world's total exports. However, since the 1980s, due to the development of black wattle trees in Africa and Brazil (which can also be used to extract tannin extract) and the decrease in the consumption of tannin extract in the world, the output of Argentine tannin extract has fallen sharply, leaving only five factories at present.
At the same time, Argentina is a world-famous animal husbandry country, but the number of cattle and sheep ranks in the forefront of the world, and it is an important leather exporter in the world. Argentina's leather products are soft and delicate, and the price is much lower than that of Europe and America, which is one of the favorite specialties of tourists.
Argentine beef is also different from other places. It uses open-air fences to graze. The beef produced in this natural way is fresh and tender, which is different from the cattle fattened in industrialized cowshed in most countries. Like Brazilian barbecue, only Argentine beef is considered as the top grade in Brazil.
Argentina is a big fruit country, with an annual output of 2.04 million tons of grapes, 800,000 tons of lemons, 270,000 tons of oranges, 590,000 tons of citrus, 6.5438+0.60 million tons of grapefruit, 6.5438+0.86 million tons of apples and 520,000 tons of pears.
* * * Argentina has 23 provinces and one municipality directly under the central government (marked with *):
Argentine province. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands (Falkland Islands) and a part of Antarctica, which includes Tierra del Fuego province.
1 Buenos Aires (capital) * (autonomous city of Buenos Aires)
2 Buenos Aires provinces
3 Catamarca Province
Chaco province (Chaco)
5 chubut province ()
6 Có rdoba province.
7 corrientes province ()
8 entre rios province (Entre Rios)
9 Formosa Province.
10 Jujuy Province (Jujuy)
La Pampa (La Pampa)
12 la rioja (la rioja)
13 mendoza province
Misiones 14, Osnes Province.
15 neuquen province (neuken)
16 Rionegro province (Rionegro)
17 salta province (salta)
18 San Juan Province (San Juan)
19 St. Louis
20 Santa Cruz Province.
2 1 Santa Fe Province
On the 22nd, SantiagodelEstero.
Tierra del Fuego, Antatida Island in the South Atlantic.
24 Tucumá n Province (Tucumá n)
Political Bureau 1853 formulated the first national unified constitution. 1August 22, 994, the constitution was implemented after the fourth revision. According to the revised constitution, Argentina is a federal country with representative democracy, and the cabinet is the executive body of the government. The president and vice president are elected by universal suffrage. The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and holds the highest administrative power of the country. The term of office is four years, renewable once. The vice president is also the speaker of the Senate. The Constitution also provides for the post of Prime Minister of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister, Ministers and State Secretaries of the Presidential Palace are all appointed by the President. Parliament is the highest legislative body of the country. It is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives and has federal legislative power. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives are directly elected and can be re-elected.
The fanaticism of Argentine political movement
economic development
glacier national park
Basic information: Argentina is a developed country in Latin America and one of the major producers and exporters of grain and meat in the world. At the beginning of this century, Afghanistan developed from a single animal husbandry country to a developed agricultural and animal husbandry enclosure country, and modern industry also began to develop. After World War II, the influx of American capital led to Albania's heavy dependence on the United States. Afghanistan's gross national product is growing at an annual rate of about 5%. In the mid-1970s, affected by the world economic crisis and domestic political turmoil, the economy stagnated. After entering the 1980s, Albania never got rid of the economic crisis due to the aggravation of the debt crisis.
1989 After Menem came to power, he began to implement the neo-liberal economic policy, streamline government institutions and reduce state intervention; Complete privatization; Vigorously attract foreign investment; Open foreign trade and substantially reduce tariffs; The exchange method was adopted in 199 1 year, that is, the fixed exchange rate of 1 peso pair 1 US dollar was implemented, which effectively controlled inflation (from 19 1 to 1.3 in 1997). 199 1 year 1994, Albania's economy has developed steadily, with an average annual growth rate of 7%. During the period of 1995, affected by the Mexican financial crisis, the economy experienced negative growth (-4.4%). Since the third quarter of 1996, Albania's economy has started to get rid of negative growth, with an annual economic growth rate of 4.4%. During the period of 1997 and 1998, Albania's economy continued to grow, and the fastest growing sectors were the production sectors of pesticides, automobile manufacturing, cement and other building materials. However, the consumer market is sluggish, the national sales volume is reduced by 10%, the unemployment rate remains high, and social polarization is serious.
Affected by the financial crisis in Russia and Brazil, Albania's economy has been stagnant since the third quarter of 1998. After that, Afghanistan experienced three consecutive years of economic recession. . The domestic market is weak, consumption is declining, production is under-started, foreign investment is greatly reduced, and the national fiscal deficit and debt burden are increasing year by year. At the end of 200 1, an economic, political and social crisis broke out in Afghanistan. After the new government came to power on New Year's Day in 2002, it announced a series of new economic measures. The most important thing is to cancel the fixed exchange rate system of 1 peso pair 1 US dollar. Take the official and market dual exchange rates as the transition, and finally implement the floating exchange rate system. The crisis in Afghanistan has aroused widespread concern in the international community, and it is expected that the Afghan economy will be difficult to get out of the predicament in the near future.
Industry: Albania has a good industrial base, mainly including petroleum, chemicals, electricity, steel, cement, textiles, fur and food processing. The technology of atomic power generation, steel rolling, slaughtering and food sector is relatively advanced. Argentina is the first country in Latin America to develop nuclear technology. The first nuclear power plant was put into operation in 1974, the second nuclear power plant was built in 1982, and the 1983 car began to produce enriched uranium.
Agriculture: Afghanistan is one of the most developed countries in the world. The fertile land and abundant rainfall are suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Known as "granary, meat warehouse". The population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry accounts for 2 1% of the national population, and owns 2 1 more than 10,000 hectares of agricultural cultivated land. In addition to meeting domestic demand, agricultural products can also be exported in large quantities. The main agricultural products exported and their by-products are: soybean, corn, wheat, soybean meal, sunflower seed meal and so on.
Animal husbandry: Animal husbandry occupies 55% of the total available land area, reaching 3 million hectares. The development of Afghan animal husbandry mainly benefits from superior natural conditions, and 60% of the animal husbandry is concentrated in pampas grassland with abundant rainfall and lush grass. The number of cattle and sheep on hand is about 565.438+0 million and14.308 million respectively. Afghanistan is one of the most important beef producers and exporters in the world, with an annual output of 2.3 million tons of beef, of which about 10% is exported.
Fishery: Afghanistan has a vast sea area, with a coastline of 3,926 kilometers and a continental shelf (within 200 meters isobath) of about 2,000 kilometers from north to south. It is one of the world-famous continental shelves. Marine fishery resources are quite rich. It is estimated that its noon catch can be maintained at about 6.5438+0 million tons. 199 1- 1995, while the fishing industry in Afghanistan is increasing at the rate of 16% every year. The car catch reached about 6.5438+0.2 million tons, of which cod and squid were the most popular catches. Since 1990s, Albania's export of fishery products to the Asia-Pacific region has increased rapidly, and squid is the main export product.
Sock industry: A is rich in forestry resources, with 35 million hectares of virgin forest and 78,000 hectares of artificial forest, mainly conifers, eucalyptus and willow. In addition, there are nearly 33 million hectares of land suitable for planting trees. The growth cycle of trees is between 10-20 years, and the annual output of forest products is about 9.4 million cubic meters.
Tierra del Fuego National Park in ushuaia. Ushuaia, the capital of Tierra del Fuego, is the southernmost city in the world and is called "the end of the world". In Hindi, ushuaia means "Look at the sunset bay".
Mining: Afghanistan is rich in mineral resources. At present, the proven oil reserves are 350 million cubic meters, accounting for 2.9% of South America's reserves, natural gas is 204 billion cubic meters, coal is about 500 million tons, uranium is 24,000 tons, and iron11million tons. In addition, there are gold, copper, silver, lead, tin, zinc, cadmium, uranium and other mineral resources to be further developed.
Foreign trade: Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery products play an important role in Albania's export. For a long time, Albania has been committed to developing national Wang Ye, trying to change the export structure and expand the export of manufactured goods, and achieved certain results. However, due to the influence of historical and natural conditions, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery products still occupy a decisive position in Albania's foreign trade. The export of primary products and processed products of agriculture and animal husbandry accounts for about 60% of the country's total export, among which the export volume of soybean oil, soybean meal, corn, wheat, honey, lemon and other products ranks among the top in the world. 1989, the Argentine government opened its foreign trade, cancelled its import license, and drastically reduced its import tariff (the current average tariff is12%; Raw materials and capital goods are 10%, semi-finished products 15%, and finished products are 20%). According to the statistics of the World Trade Organization, between 19 and 0- 1996, Albania's import volume increased from $4 1 billion to $23.8 billion, with a cumulative annual growth rate of 34%, ranking first in the world. Exports only doubled, from $654.38+023 billion to $23.8 billion. At the same time, Albania continues to take protective measures such as quotas, special taxes, minimum prices and anti-dumping to restrict and prevent the import of foreign products that compete fiercely with domestic products. So far, in terms of the number of anti-dumping cases; Afghanistan has ranked third in the world (the top two are South Africa and the United States). In 2000, Afghanistan's total import and export volume was $510.3 billion, of which $26.2 billion was exported and $2.5/kloc-0.3 billion was imported. There are some good signs in the foreign trade situation. First, after three consecutive large deficits (1$4 billion in 1997,1$4.9 billion in 1998,1$2.2 billion in 1999), the three cars showed a surplus of 1 1 $0.0 billion for the first time. 2. Exports increased by 1999 13%. Due to the continuous downturn in the Albanian market, Albania's foreign trade surplus of 200 1 has further expanded. Last year, Albania's foreign trade totaled 469. 6.7 billion US dollars, with a surplus of 6.343 billion US dollars.
Commodity structure: Afghanistan's main export commodities are: grain, beef, oil, grease, leather, wool, tannin extract, steel and machinery. The main imported commodities are: petrochemical products, chemical products, iron ore, coal, various mechanical and electrical products and precision instruments.
Country composition: Afghanistan's main importing countries: the United States, Brazil, the Netherlands, Italy, Iran, Germany, Chile, Japan, etc. The main exporting countries are Brazil, the United States, Chile, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Uruguay, Iran, China and Paraguay.
Foreign capital: Argentina is a Latin American country with relatively concentrated foreign capital. After Menem took office, he took a series of measures to encourage foreign investment, canceled the restrictions on the business scope, investment rate and investment amount of foreign investment, allowed all his profits to be remitted freely and enjoyed national treatment. In terms of per capita population and GDP, Albania has ranked first in the world in attracting foreign investment. Foreign capital has played an important role in promoting Albania's industrial development, especially in "import substitution", which has occupied an important position in many economic sectors in Albania so far. At first, Albania's foreign investment mainly came from Britain. At present, the main investors in Albania are Meitu, France, Britain, Chile, Italy, South Korea and Japan. In recent years, due to the deterioration of the economic environment and the sharp drop in foreign investment, the foreign direct investment attracted by Afghanistan in 2000 was1165438+52 million US dollars, down 53% year-on-year. Last year, the financial crisis broke out in Albania, and the inflow of foreign capital further decreased. According to the statistics of ECLAC, in 200 1 year, Albania only attracted 3.5 billion US dollars of foreign investment. Argentina has signed investment protection agreements with many countries. China-Arab investment protection agreement was formally signed in Beijing in June 1992+0 1.
External debt: Most of Albania's external debt is borrowed from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Due to historical reasons, Argentina has a heavy debt burden, which has affected its economic development to some extent. 1992, after a year of hard negotiations, Argentina formally signed an agreement with its creditor banks to join the Brady plan in February of that year, and rescheduled some of its foreign debts and interests owed to foreign commercial banks by reducing capital and interest rates. 1993, the government reduced its foreign debt through privatization, debt service and capitalization of foreign debt. From 65438 to 0995, affected by the Mexican financial crisis, Argentina's financial system faced difficulties. In order to tide over the crisis, the Afghan government signed a new loan agreement with the International Monetary Fund, according to which Afghanistan will receive a loan of 2.8 billion US dollars. The increase in foreign loans will help Afghanistan tide over the difficulties and restore economic vitality, but it will also increase the foreign debt burden. By the end of 20001,Albania's total foreign debt was $654.38+046.5 billion.
Military situation The President is the supreme commander of the armed forces, with a national defense commission and a military commission. The National Defense Commission consists of the Vice President, the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of National Defense and the Minister of Economy. The Military Commission consists of the Minister of National Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the three armed forces and the Chiefs of Staff of the three armed forces. JuanCarlosMugnolo, joint chief of staff of the three armed forces. The voluntary military service system is implemented, and the service period is one year. At present, the total strength is 73,000.