Birth, old age, illness and death are natural laws. When the elderly reach a certain age, even if they are healthy, they should make preparations for the funeral in advance, such as making a shroud and making "happy materials". Sometimes the old man is sick, although there is no big problem, it is necessary to create a happy material in advance. When the old man is seriously ill, it is called "adding illness". I want to inform my family to visit, and my child will stay in front of him all day and dare not leave for a moment. If the children happened to be there when the old man died, this is called "remembering", and the children's peace of mind is also a comfort to the old man. After the death of the old man, first put the shroud on the old man, tie his feet with hemp skin, burn "money for the road", bake a cake (dog cake) the size of a copper ring according to the age of the deceased, put it in his sleeve, and then put a copper coin in the mouth of the deceased. This is called "money for the mouth", then cover his face with hemp paper (covering paper), and finally lift his face. Head to head, the body is placed in the direction of male left and female right. In front of the corpse, a sacrificial table, a leftover food bowl and offerings were placed, incense was lit and a "ever-burning lamp" was lit. There is a special lamp in which sesame oil is enlarged, paper is rubbed into a wick, and it is directly lit in the lamp. Candles are the most important thing now. And put square white paper on each door, spread straw (straw) on the ground, and the dutiful sons of men and women either squat or sit and wake up on the straw (straw). It is said that this is because in the past, when a peasant woman gave birth to a child, she regarded the blood stains during childbirth as dirty things, so when a woman gave birth to a child, she had to take away all the bedding on the bed, leaving only the orange stalks lying below, so this is a way to remember her parents' kindness when they died!
Mourning: The first thing the son of the deceased should do is to kowtow to his family and neighbors from door to door, and invite the elders and capable people at home to take charge, commonly known as "main mourning". Everything, big or small, must obey the arrangement of the Lord's funeral.
Hemp weaving: as the name implies, it is woven with hemp; The length depends on adults and children, which varies from person to person. An old man died and braided a single braid, while his parents died and braided two braids together.
La Shaw: An old man died. The male filial piety is three feet one inch long and five inches wide, and the filial piety cap is one foot two inches square. The female filial piety is four feet eight inches. My parents are dead, five feet five inches for a man and five feet for a woman. After the funeral, the main mourners sent someone with a braid and a ribbon to inform Dai Xiao, the married daughter of the deceased. She wore a hat and braid and cried all the way back to her parents' home to attend the funeral.
Please Yin and Yang: After the dead in the village, please welcome the custom of Yin and Yang. They believe that Mr. Yin and Yang have magical powers, and the two worlds of Yin and Yang are interlinked, so they feel that there is nothing taboo when Yin and Yang arrive. It is said that Yin He accurately inferred the time of death according to the position where the thumb of the deceased was cut off on the middle finger. The main tasks of Yin and Yang are "exorcising Yang" and "tying flowers and bones (coffins)" to determine the time of burial.
Inviting descendants: Generally, on the second day after death, the bereaved send someone to invite the "family" of the deceased to discuss the funeral, commonly known as "inviting descendants". Later generations are not in a hurry to eat when they get home. First, check whether the bedding of the deceased is complete and whether the coffin is the best; The best in the local area is cypress, followed by catalpa bungeana or catalpa bungeana, followed by Platanus acerifolia. Then, according to whether the children of the deceased were filial, they put forward punishment requirements and decided the scale of the funeral. Only after the funeral promises and the demands of future generations are accepted can the coffin be sealed (covered).
Cover the material (cover the coffin): before covering the material, please "drive out the yang" with yin and yang; Prepare "five grains", "plowshares", "vinegar" and "charcoal", and pour the charcoal and the plowshares with vinegar into the house; If the coffin is full of food, if it is "full of mourning" (sudden death), sprinkle firewood ash from the bottom of the coffin, and then spread a layer of "uniform cloth" on which seven copper coins are placed according to the style of the seven stars and the big dipper; When the body was put into the coffin, the interlocutor was not allowed to say its name. After the coffin is put away, put the things that the deceased loved and personal clothes on both sides, take money out of his mouth and put it in the coffin, untie the hemp skin tied to his feet, and wash the face of the deceased with cotton dipped in wine. If there is no objection after inspection, the eldest son will take a sip of wine, spray it from head to toe, cover the coffin, and then have it stamped from top to bottom. The dutiful sons of men and women stood on both sides, shouting "Hide the nails". After covering the materials, the dutiful sons began to cry.
Mourning: From the first day after death, villagers and relatives on the street will come to pay their respects. Special personnel will collect ghost tickets and paper money and burn them in front of the coffin, which is called "melting block". After the lump, the mourners kowtowed in front of the coffin, the dutiful son kowtowed to thank him, and the people who received the lump bowed to each other.
Opening paper: On the first day after death, there was an important activity-opening paper. During the day, use paper paste to mount delicate paper products; Such as paper houses, paper sedan chairs, televisions and mobile phones. Paper products often keep pace with the times and are constantly being refurbished. In a word, what the living have is what they paste for the dead, which is better than what the dead didn't realize before their lives. Wait until the dead of night, the dutiful sons take the things made during the day, find a well-developed and hidden fork in the road, slip into a circle with firewood ash, burn incense in the circle, and light paper products with fire. Don't cry when you come, but you can cry quietly when you go home.
Mourning: After the materials are covered, all kinds of condolence activities for the deceased come to an end, and the period until burial is called mourning period. Several things to do after the funeral are "nailing filial piety", "affixing symbols" and filial piety without affixing symbols. You can't wear mourning clothes and go to other people's homes at the same time. There are also painting materials, that is, paintings on coffins; In the past, when painting materials, professional painters were specially invited to paint. Zhang Zhongsheng, the teacher of Yin and Yang in Tanyin Village, is an all-around hand. He can draw coffins as well as Yin and Yang, and can also help contact the entertainment class. Generally, the themes of painting materials are twenty-four filial piety, such as An Er delivering rice, Wang Xiang lying on the ice, burying a child, Meng Zong crying for bamboo ... At the other end, the big end of the coffin reads funeral elegies such as "The Yangtze River flows endlessly" and "The Yellow River doesn't reach the end", while at the small end, it reads "The Golden Boy leads the way" and "The Jade Girl is sent to heaven". The most laborious thing is to hit the tomb, and use my family or friends to dig a hole in a pre-selected cave or old cemetery. Sprinkle seeds before digging, dig several times from front to back, and say some spells. The depth of the pit is determined by topography and soil quality. After the pit is dug, the simple point is to build a brick tomb directly in the pit, and some people have to build a kiln or brick kiln after digging the pit. This is called "crossing the field". After the completion, the prostitute baked cakes in the greenhouse.
Mourning period: Mourning period is generally divided into three rows, five rows and seven rows. ...........................................................................................................................................................'s abnormal death is called "life and death", which usually ranks third or fifth. If the deceased is an elderly person, it is called a "funeral". There are people in the ninth, eleventh and thirteenth rows. During this period, wealthy families have to sing funeral operas, tell stories and use entertainment classes. No matter how many rows, the day before burial is a day of mourning. Relatives and descendants provide gifts and offerings on the day of the funeral. There is a difference between offering and giving gifts; Generally, the confession of relatives is a single confession, Liyang 1 Yuan 2 yuan. Close relationship is the same as gift money, but the supply is sufficient, and the supply needs vegetables and rice, commonly known as small rice. There is an entertainment class at the door. The guests came, the entertainment rang, the receiver received ghost tickets and paper money, the guests kowtowed and gave gifts ... The daughter and niece wanted to steam flower steamed bread, and the in-laws wanted to "make up". The makeup ceremony is usually 40 Jin of wheat.
Please Ling: On the day of the funeral, the custom is to ask Ling. The ceremony is the same as the funeral, except that the coffin is not carried, only the photos of the deceased are carried, and a middle place is found to rest, entertain, sing and dance, and perform in turn. In the evening, we invited the Ling team to return through the road boundary.
Funeral: The time is designated by the Yin and Yang Master, usually from 12 to 13. First, send someone to tie the shovel for filling the tomb with a rope and send it to the cemetery. Arrange ten people to carry the materials and two people to carry the stool. In the past, the hoisting personnel were in groups of two, with their own ropes. Now use a cart to pull, but there must be enough people. When the entertainment rings, the Yin and Yang families pour the red-hot shovel with vinegar and shake it in the house with mulberries. It's called "driving away the sun" The material lifter will lift the coffin to the car or coffin rack outside the door, and must also fix the coffin with rabbit ears and put a chicken on the coffin; It's called a soul-inducing chicken. If the deceased is a male, use a rooster and a female use a hen. Find a lonely person to clean the house at home, clean up the straw, put away the white paper on the door, and light it after the funeral. The eldest son or grandson, holding a flower bone flower (coffin); Male dutiful sons carry a "mourning stick" with their own names engraved on their shoulders and walk to the coffin, which is called "Lalingban". The female dutiful son followed the coffin, and the eldest daughter and daughter-in-law each held a paper man "golden couple". When getting up, the eldest son or grandson will crush the casserole that burned paper money before Lingqian, which is called "pulling the old basin". In rural areas, there is another meaning, that is, if the deceased did not determine the heir before his death, whoever pulls the old pot after his death will be the heir. The nephew and son-in-law walked in front of the coffin carrying photos, followed by entertainment classes, dutiful sons, coffins, paper money throwers, elegiac couplets and wreaths, and set out according to the set route. When you walk through the street or the rice market, you should put down the photo frame, the entertainment class will play or sing, and try your best to perform various programs: traditional opera fragments, pop songs, dances, talk shows and so on. This will attract villagers in the street to watch. At this time, people who carry goods often take the opportunity to find their son-in-law and nephew to beg for hard work and have fun. If it is summer, they will buy beer and popsicles, and everyone will share a piece of the action. The length of entertainment depends on whether the burial time is sufficient. After the entertainment, the team continued to move forward until the "road boundary" and the photos were set. Relatives and descendants burn paper blocks and kowtow in front of the photos in turn; The host shouted "the dutiful son kowtows", and finally, the dutiful son kowtows to the bearer. Tear the elegiac couplet clean, put the wreath in place, and the male dutiful son put away the pulling board together, replaced the lifted object with the lifted object, and went to the cemetery. ?
Burial: Before burial, the daughter or son-in-law goes down to the grave, sweeps the broom from one side from outside to inside, and then sweeps it from the other side from inside to outside, and throws the broom out of the grave with her back. When buried, surnames are not allowed to be nominated. After burial, put an ever-burning lamp, a bowl, offerings, grains and five-colored stones in the coffin; Twist the head of the "golden couple" and throw it on both sides of the coffin, then put blue bricks and tiles with yin and yang symbols on the head and tail of the coffin, then seal the hole and cover it; All dutiful sons fill in three shovels in turn (adding money), and then, the dutiful son and the loader fill the soil together. When filling the soil, insert a wooden pole where the tomb door is left. The dutiful sons will pull out one by one, and finally the eldest son will pull out. Raise the tomb, place the tombstones, and then the artist leads the filial sons around the tomb, three times, three times to "surround the grave", and the burial is completed.
Three days after burial, "round tomb paper" should be burned; Once every seven days, one old man burns for six or seven days, and two old people burn for 77 or 49 days. The last seven days are all seven, and when they are finished, they must be braided and burned; If you want to commit the seven deadly sins, you must also paste a white flag and a small umbrella with white paper according to the age of the deceased (one year old). A small white flag is inserted on the way to the grave, around the grave, and a small umbrella is inserted in front of the grave. In case of heavy funeral, a small coffin should be pasted with paper and buried together. When the old man dies, the children should be "filial"; On Chinese New Year's Day, you can't "worship the festival", you can't decorate it with lanterns, you should write Spring Festival couplets on blue-green paper, you can't set off firecrackers and so on. One parent died for six months, and both parents died for three years. Burn a new grave on the first anniversary and turn it into a normal sacrifice after the third anniversary. Tomb-Sweeping Day burned a new grave the day before, one day earlier than normal.