Summary of farm practice during Fan's internship;

I am an intern in a fish and poultry farm in Wuli Street, Yongchun County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. After practicing in chicken farm, I learned some knowledge about broiler management and the problems that appeared. Now I summarize the feeding management as follows.

First, daily disinfection and isolation

There is a pedal disinfection box in front of each henhouse, and the disinfectant is changed every day. The pedal disinfectant does not reach the foot surface. No one is allowed to enter the henhouse without wearing water shoes. It is forbidden for breeders to string up henhouses casually, disinfect chickens three times a week and use disinfectants alternately. Articles and utensils entering the henhouse must be disinfected, and drinking water should be disinfected 2-3 times a week. Note that they can't be disinfected before and after vaccination.

Disinfection, the factory disinfected once a day.

Second, the daily feeding management

Before chickens enter the house, the waterline and drip tray must be filled with room temperature water with glucose, electrolytic multivitamin and mouth-opening medicine. When the chicks go in, they can drink water, and the water level must be enough. Those who can't drink water should be induced artificially. When they drink enough water, they can eat. The amount of dishes or cloth should be sufficient, distributed near the feed line, and the materials should be evenly spread. Chickens distributed in the corner should be concentrated on the cloth until the chicks are full. After the first epidemic prevention, the dish was basically removed for two days. The temperature was 33-35 degrees in the first week, and it gradually decreased by 2-3 degrees every week after the article until it was about 4-26 degrees. The temperature difference between day and night should not be too large (no more than 2 degrees), and the temperature should be gradually lowered when using warm curtains (it is recommended to use warm curtains on sunny days, and it is recommended to increase ventilation when the temperature is high and the air pressure is low). Under stress conditions such as ventilation, chicken disinfection, epidemic prevention and illness, the temperature of the house should be raised appropriately. The height and placement of the thermometer and temperature probe must be reasonable (the same height as the back of the chicken). Learn to watch chickens warm up (for example, chickens are afraid of cold accumulation, feel hot and stand still with their wings open and panting). It is also very important that the temperature must be lowered according to the thermometer with the increase of age, and the cooling should be gradual and meet the requirements step by step. If the temperature is too high in the early stage and cannot be reduced in the later stage, the feed conversion rate will be reduced.

Third, the material line waterline

The best height of the tray is that the edge of the tray grille is as high as the back of the chicken, which is convenient for the chicken to eat, without waste and pollution. The feed line must be horizontal and straight to avoid damage to the feed pipe by the auger. Observe the material inventory and storage of the tray where the material level device is located at any time. Whether it is manual or automatic, it is necessary to ensure the feeding. When the feed pipe rises, the feed pipe and the auxiliary material pipe are prevented from being broken. When flushing the disinfection material pipeline, it is necessary to ensure that the hopper and tray are clean to prevent water from entering the material pipeline. The last batch of chicken feed must be cleaned. One-week-old chickens should be fed more times and less times. One is to avoid the waste and mildew caused by moldy feed, and the other is to keep the feed all pellet feed and feed the chickens together.

It can improve the neatness and variability of large groups, clean the filter once every two days, make clear the valve switch when adding medicine or not, and use the voltage regulator to make the water level of the water level display tube display properly (20-25 cm for chickens and 20-30 cm for chickens). Familiar with the use and maintenance of dosing device, and master the method of dealing with nipple leakage and blockage in time in backwashing water line. The height of waterline should be 45 degrees, and the waterline should be kept level. Keep the water cup clean. It is very important to check whether the waterline is supplying water normally before entering the henhouse. The waterline shall be soaked and cleaned regularly with acid preparation to ensure cleanliness and smoothness (descaling, acidifying intestinal tract, killing harmful bacteria in intestinal tract) and prevent drinking water from being polluted again. Ventilation in modern aquaculture is the most difficult link to master.

The purpose of ventilation is:

Ensure oxygen supply, exhaust dirty air to cool down, remove dust and warm air, improve the utilization rate of buildings and prolong the service life of equipment. It is realized by adjusting the air inlet and the large and small fans. Adjust at any time according to different seasons and different weather, which requires not only the corresponding technology and knowledge, but also a strong sense of responsibility. Both heat preservation and ventilation are taken into account in early summer, and ventilation and cooling are given priority to in late summer, and heat preservation is carried out in early winter. Don't forget to ventilate, and pay equal attention to heat preservation and ventilation in the later period. Get into the habit of watching the weather forecast. Handle the relationship between ventilation and heat preservation, and take measures to prevent cold air or thief wind from blowing directly on chickens. The temperature difference between day and night and extreme and extreme temperature difference is very harmful and should be avoided by adjusting ventilation and temperature supply. In the case of high temperature and high humidity, the temperature curtain should be used with caution to increase ventilation. Daily management of air cooling effect should be used. Reasonable illumination will be beneficial to the growth and development of broilers. In practice, there are various lighting schemes, but they are usually 24 hours in the first week, 24 hours in the second week 18, 3 hours 16- 18 hours, 4 hours 18-20 hours, and hours after the fifth week. Whether to adopt intermittent illumination or continuous illumination must be determined according to the production performance and development of chickens. Broilers generally use weak light, but the light must be uniform, and the light time of broilers can be adjusted according to the weight of chickens (if the average weight of a large group is less than the standard weight, the lights can be turned on earlier, and it is not recommended to turn off the lights later).

Precautions for immunization: the vaccine should be used up within 20-30 minutes. The prepared vaccine should be kept in a cold incubator, and the individual immunity should be accurate and cannot be missed. Take it lightly, and the immunization speed should be slow. Drop your eyes first, and then drop your nose when the vaccine is dispersed. After the vaccine is inhaled into the nostril, gently put down the chicken and don't fall, so as to avoid immune failure caused by the vaccine falling down. It is required not to sit on a high stool during immunization. In group immunization, every chicken should drink and inhale enough vaccine (during this period, the number of chickens can be increased to increase the average number of chickens drinking vaccine). Water control time is 2-4 hours (according to the season and the size of chickens, individuals should control their diet properly, raise their body temperature appropriately, and avoid hot time. When chickens can eat and drink during the day, immunity will lead to stress dehydration and affect weight gain).

Anti-stress drugs should be used in time, and disinfection should be avoided for two days before and after the live immune vaccine. During epidemic prevention, defective chickens should be eliminated and their strength decomposed.

Problems that arise

1 1 day, when the temperature is high, the longitudinal fan is turned on to cool down, causing respiratory diseases in chickens (due to the vaccine reaction and the stimulation of the vaccine to the respiratory tract, chlamydia or chlamydia multiplies in the body, aggravating respiratory symptoms, but the mortality rate is not high). Due to the use of a large number of antibiotics, the metabolism of drugs mainly depends on the liver and kidneys, and chickens can not be effectively conditioned. After 14 days old, the water consumption of chickens decreased and the death peak appeared. The main symptoms are kidney swelling, kidney spots, liver congestion and dehydration. Several 10-week-old chickens showed aggravated respiratory symptoms. Tracheal bleeding, mucus in trachea, turbid air sac, thickened pericardium with pericarditis, yellow fibrous membrane on the surface of liver, punctate spleen and swollen gallbladder can be seen during dissection. After 37 days of age, she entered the withdrawal period. This period is the high incidence of enteritis, and about 42 days is the high incidence of coccidia. At this time, it is in the withdrawal period, which leads to the situation that no medicine is available, the mortality rate increases, bloody stool and bloody stool are serious, and the weather turns cold, resulting in poor ventilation and ascites in chickens.

In view of the production problems in the feeding process, different views were expressed:

1, the standard shed is ventilated in the early and late stages, but the longitudinal fans are turned on too early, so there are generally enough side fans in the early stage to achieve the ventilation effect. In summer, the longitudinal fan is generally turned on to achieve the effect of ventilation and cooling, and the wet curtain is used to cool down step by step. If the longitudinal fan is turned on too early, there will be an emergency of supercooling, which will lead to excessive temperature difference between the upper and lower ends of the henhouse and cold-transmitted bursa of fabricius and other diseases.

2. Modern henhouses, especially when exporting chickens, have strict requirements for drug use. For example, the traditional Chinese medicine products and machine balls of general companies, such as sulfanilamide and Lijun Jing, should be properly fermented, and sand balls and coccidia are commonly used. In management, it is very important to control bedding, which can control the severity of diseases such as coccidia, such as AC. In modern henhouses, the occurrence and management of diseases are inseparable, and the diagnosis of diseases requires meticulous management. In addition, it is suggested to record the humidity, weight change, water meter reading, material level gauge and seasonal fan temperature in the early stage, which is very helpful for personal promotion and market making. The future market is the era of standard shed.

Chapter II: Report on Farm Practice

My internship unit is a local chicken farm under the Sanhe Epidemic Prevention Station of Jiang Animal Husbandry Bureau. The farm is located in Laoping, with superior geographical position, abundant water resources, less environmental pollution and convenient transportation. Founded in 1996, it is an experienced aquaculture enterprise. There are eight chicken farms in the farm, which are divided into chicken houses and breeding houses, covering an area of about? Square meters, with 80 acres of houshan orchard. Mainly engaged in the production and sales of native chicken. The farm adopts the combination of free-range farming and free-range farming, and all-in and all-out farming methods, giving full play to the advantages of Houshan orchard. The goal of making good use of resources fundamentally is to eliminate pests in orchards and increase the taste and feather color of local chicken.

After entering the farm, it is a new round of chicken breeding plan on the farm. * * * ordered 6000 chickens, all for 7 days. After entering the farm, the breeder should make the following preparations:

1, do a good job in disinfection of chicken houses and breeding rooms. Generally, chicken coops are fumigated. Put the cage of chicks into the chick room, close the doors and windows, and fumigate with formaldehyde (formalin 30ml+ 15ml potassium permanganate, sealed for about 30 minutes, temperature 24~27℃, humidity 75~80%), the best effect is obtained.

2. Disinfect the tray and water dispenser, rinse with 1% bromogeramine for many times, wash and dry, and put the feed into the chick room for later use.

3. The chick room should control the corresponding temperature and temperature to ensure a good growth environment for chicks.

Chickens should be disinfected initially after they arrive at the chicken farm, and they can be disinfected by spray disinfection. After disinfection, it was put into the brooding room in batches, and vitamin C was added to the drinking water to adjust the stress of chicks, so that chicks could eat the prepared feed freely. In the first week of chicks' admission, the breeders in the field should be on duty 24 hours in turn, observe the physical condition of chicks and the changes of indoor light, temperature and humidity at any time, and make timely adjustments. After completion, the breeder should make a good record of his work so that the comrades in shifts and the chicken farm managers can understand the production situation. It should be noted that when chicks grow to a certain extent, their bodies will gradually grow up, and the feeding administrator should adjust the space of the chicken pen to prevent the space from being too small and squeezing to cause casualties.

After entering the market, chickens should start to take immunization measures after reaching a certain age to prevent the harm of diseases. Specific immunization prevention procedures are as follows:

7 ~ 9 days old: Newcastle disease ⅳ strain+transmission branch H 120 combined vaccine was intranasally administered;

9 ~ 12 days old: chicken bursal vaccine drinking water;

23-day-old: chicken pox vaccine was inoculated on the wing;

25 days old: Newcastle disease ⅳ strain +H52 vaccine drinking water;

28 days old: chicken bursa vaccine drinking water;

80 days old: Newcastle disease ⅳ+H52 drinking water.

While implementing immunization measures, we should pay attention to basic feeding management, and beak breaking is an important link in the feeding process of chicks. The purpose of beak-breaking is to prevent pecking addiction, especially for chicks raised in high density in open henhouses, otherwise it will lead to toe-pecking, feather-pecking, anal-pecking and other bad habits, resulting in production losses, preventing chickens from damaging feed and improving chicken raising efficiency. Generally speaking, the best time to break the beak is about 7- 10 days old, but it should be noted that:

1. Do not feed sulfonamides for two days before and after beak cutting (it will prolong bleeding time), and add vitamin K (2mg/kg of water) to the water.

2, and should not be broken when the temperature is high, vaccination, so as not to aggravate stress.

3. Add more feed to the trough after the beak is broken to relieve the pecking pain; Add multivitamins to drinking water to avoid other pressures.

4, when the beak is broken, the attention is concentrated, the action is agile, the cutting length is appropriate, and there is no bleeding after burning.

When the chicks are over one day old, they will be transferred to the breeding room for open range. At this point, the breeder should gradually change the feed and take other immunization precautions. At the same time, we should carefully observe the health status of chickens, find problems early and deal with them early. Breeders should do "four checks" in their daily work:

Check: get up early and turn on the light to see the chicken;

Observe the dynamics of chickens after turning on the light in the morning. When healthy chickens turn on the lights and see the breeder, they will make a "quack" cry, indicating that they are in urgent need of food. For example, after turning on the light, in addition to most healthy chickens, there are several chickens in the room who are depressed, with their eyes closed, bent under their wings, or standing in a daze, with drooping wings and fluffy feathers, and can't move until they are driven by the breeder, which means that the chickens are sick at this time.

The second check: look down at chicken manure.

Get up in the morning to observe chicken manure. Chicken manure discharged by healthy chickens is strip or spherical with a small amount of white urate. Sick chickens will have diarrhea, the anus will be polluted, and the discharged feces will be green, white, yellow, red, or a mixture of yellow, white and red or a clear sample of loose stools. At this time, we can judge whether the chicken is sick and the degree of illness according to the color of feces.

Three tests: Observe the feeding speed of chickens.

Healthy chickens are active in the process of feeding and have a strong appetite. The whole henhouse was croaking and singing. If the chicken is sick, it will be depressed, its appetite will decrease, its food intake will decrease, and there will be more feed left in the plate.

Four checks: listen to the chicken coop at night.

Listen to the henhouse after turning off the lights at night. Healthy chickens rest for half an hour after turning off the lights at night, quiet and silent. If you hear the sound of "goo goo" or "grunt". Cough, wheezing, screaming, possibly infectious diseases.

After the breeder completes the procuratorial work every day, he should make a good record, reflect the problems to the managers in time, and take timely measures to prevent and reduce the mortality rate of chickens and improve the production efficiency.

When adult chickens grow to 60 days, they can move into the mountains and raise them. During the day, chickens are released, basking in the sun and foraging. Breakfast and Chinese food can be fed half full, giving full play to the enthusiasm of chickens for foraging, and dinner can be fed full. This can not only save feed, but also reduce the harm of pests on the mountain to fruit trees. Secondly, stocking is beneficial to the growth and development of chickens, especially the growth of feathers.

Chickens can be sold in 80-90 days.

Summary: After the internship on the farm, I learned that because the farm is a relatively young aquaculture enterprise, neither the funds nor the experience are fully mature. Do not have the ability to hatch chicks, the chicks needed are ordered from other regions. And the feed is also provided by the feed factory, which greatly increases the cost and price. To reduce costs, we need to start from two aspects:

First, learn new and efficient agricultural techniques.

Expert guidance, learn the nutritional needs and reasonable collocation of chicken feed, and purchase the main ingredients in feed such as corn and soybean meal. You can make your own feed by batch experiments. Learn hatching techniques, go to large-scale breeding plants to learn and communicate, buy parent breeders and hatch chickens on the spot.

Second, change the single farming mode.

1, using small-scale and large-scale production methods.

In the specialized chicken raising village, chickens are raised, and the equipment and technical force are fully utilized to provide a suitable environment for chickens.

High-quality feed, reasonable epidemic prevention and careful management.

After the chicks are raised, they are scattered to the farmers.

Farmers determine the scale according to their own people, wealth, materials and venues. The average farmer raises about 500.

Adopt unified planning, rational layout, household feeding, centralized contiguous development, small groups and large-scale feeding.

2, "company+farmers", the integration of production and marketing

Adopt the management system of "company+farmers" to connect small farmers with the big market.

Connect the seedlings, feeding technology and sales in chicken production to form a centralized foreign sales advantage.

The purchase cost of feed and chicken seedlings has been reduced to the cost, with the aim of improving the production efficiency of chicken farms and producing high-quality imitation chickens. Only by changing the old farming production and management methods, keeping pace with the times and developing efficient farming methods in combination with agricultural science and technology can enterprises develop further.

Chapter III: Farm Practice Report

20xx65438+1October 6th, I set foot on the internship road of Jilin Huazheng Farm. Nong 'an Jiabao Farm is located in an open area in the south of Jiabao Town, surrounded by trees and sparsely populated, which is a good place to develop aquaculture.

Nong 'an Jiabao Farm is a branch of Huazheng Farm in Jilin Province, which mainly develops pig industry. Pig farms are divided into breeding rooms, delivery rooms, nursery rooms, breeding rooms and ecological rooms. Strict management of the farm is of great help to our practice.

Introduction to the work 1. When I first came to the pig farm, I was assigned to the delivery room according to the work requirements of the farm and worked in the delivery room for six days. Although the time is short, it has given me great gains.

Working status (1)? Clean pigs are clean animals. They usually pay great attention to the hygiene of the living quarters, so they ask the breeders to keep the pig beds clean. But pigs are still lazy animals. They often get up easily and then get down quickly. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the pig's secretions are cleaned quickly, so as to ensure that the secretions will not be pressed under the pig, resulting in the hygiene of the pig bed, and at the same time ensure the hygiene of the pig's activity area.

Piglets' troughs and troughs should be cleaned every day. Piglets sometimes drain your urine in a trough or trough, and put disinfectant in the water to be cleaned. The sink should be placed on the edge of the pig bed, but not near it. Piglets often excrete feces at the edge of the pig bed, which is also the activity place for piglets.

(2) ? Sixty-six sows were kept in a pig house twice a day, and each time they were fed 200 kilograms of breast-feeding feed. Sows should be fed regularly, at 7 am and 3 pm every day. The advantage of feeding on time is to ensure that they have a good living condition; Quantitative feeding is to ensure that sows have enough nutrition. After feeding, the trough should be cleaned to ensure that the sows are full and do not waste food, and at the same time ensure that the sows eat clean feed to prevent the trough from being unsanitary and making the pigs sick.

(3) Sows usually give birth at night and in the early morning, so special attention should be paid to sow delivery. When I was in the delivery room, I caught up with four sows to give birth at the same time I was short of hands at that time, so I joined the activity of helping with delivery. Sows can be injected with oxytocin twice after giving birth to two piglets. After the piglet is born, the secretions in the piglet's mouth should be cleaned immediately to prevent suffocation. After the piglet is born, it is necessary to break the umbilical cord and keep it warm in an incubator.

If the sow is in dystocia, it needs artificial help. Midwives should wash and disinfect their arms and apply lubricant (soap) to them. When helping sows to produce, it is necessary to prevent piglets from being injured for a long time and dying of suffocation.

(4) Daily management The daily management of the delivery room is very important, which is an important link to ensure the development of the farm. Sows and piglets live in the same pig bed, which is easy to cause the event of crushing piglets. So, be careful at work. Every time a sow stands up, she should pay attention to cleaning up the feces under her. When the sow lies down, pay attention to the position of the piglet to prevent it from being squeezed. Pay attention to the insulation of piglets every day. Newborn piglets should keep the temperature of the incubator. If the temperature of the heating plate is not enough, add a light bulb to the incubator to make it high enough. Piglets have diarrhea after catching a cold. At this time, in addition to ensuring the temperature, they should also be given oral gentamicin injection. Postpartum sows should pay attention to windproof and infection, and can be injected with 6 penicillin and 1 streptomycin.

The work of the delivery room is not tiring, but it is very complicated. Attention should be paid to every link, especially the management of piglets. We should love pigs as much as flowers.

2. After working in the delivery room for 6 days, I was sent to the breeding room and worked until the end.

Working state (1) There are 60 pens in the clean breeding house, and there are 4 sows in each pen, which are similar in size and fat. Clean up the excrement after the pigsty every day and clean up the excrement all night. At this time, some sows have not stood up. At this time, they should be driven up and the fence should be thoroughly cleaned to facilitate feeding after cleaning. Wash immediately after feeding to prevent the sow from getting dirty after coming down. It is difficult to clean newly weaned sows. Their feces are very sticky, so it is difficult to clean them with a shovel. They must clean with a broom. If there are several such sows in the pen, the workload will be great.

(2) After cleaning the pens in the breeding houses, the sows should be fed. At this time, the barns were very lively, and the sows were hungry all night, crying for food.

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