Pregnant expectant mothers often worry about insufficient nutrition during pregnancy and begin to make up for it. If a large number of protein, meat dishes and fruits are eaten like this every day, it will lead to overnutrition, which will not only increase the physical burden, but also increase pregnancy complications, such as obesity, gestational diabetes, macrosomia and so on. Here's the nutrition and diet during pregnancy.

Nutritional points and dietary examples in early pregnancy: Early pregnancy refers to the period from fertilized egg formation to the end of pregnancy 12, which means that the embryo is in the formation stage, but at this time, the fetal growth is slow, increasing by about 1g every day. The energy demand is not much different from that before pregnancy, but the restriction of early pregnancy reaction on the intake of various nutrients should be considered.

1 Ensure that the normal energy supply is suitable for protein's intake, and pay special attention to the intake of vitamins and trace elements, so as to ensure normal tissue differentiation, division and development, and ensure the nutritional needs of the fetus in the sensitive period of development.

2 Properly handle the early pregnancy reaction, cater to the preferences of pregnant women as much as possible, choose foods that promote appetite and facilitate digestion, and implement a small number of meals to ensure the intake of energy and various nutrients. For nausea and vomiting in the morning or before going to bed, it is suggested to choose baked bread, bread, soda biscuits and other baked foods, which may be helpful.

3 Hyperemesis gravidarum A few pregnant women have serious early pregnancy reactions, often nausea and vomiting, and can't eat anything, which leads to imbalance of body fluids, metabolic disorders, and even endangers the lives of pregnant women.

For hyperemesis gravidarum, besides psychotherapy, nutritional intervention should be carried out to relieve anxiety, and water and electrolytes should be supplemented as appropriate. Necessary nutrients such as potassium, vitamin C, vitamin B6 and intramuscular injection of vitamin B 1 should be added in infusion to correct metabolic disorder, and total parenteral nutrition should be considered for malnutrition patients. Actively prevent the adverse effects of ketone bodies on fetal early brain development, and intravenous glucose should not be less than 150g.

It is suggested to supplement folic acid to prevent the birth of children with neural tube defects. It is suggested that folic acid should be supplemented 400~600μg/d from the third month before pregnancy to the third month after pregnancy.

Examples of diet in early pregnancy (taking height 165cm, normal weight and light physical labor as examples)

Daily food composition: 250 g of cereal potatoes; Fish, poultry and eggs150 ~ 200 g; 300-500 g vegetables; 250ml dairy products and beans; Fruit100 ~ 200 g; Nut 25g；; Vegetable oil 25g. In addition, it is suggested to choose foods with high folic acid content and supplement 400μg folic acid every day.

Examples of recipes: breakfast: 75g steamed bread or bread, 50g eggs.

Intermittent meal: walnut or peanut 25g, whole wheat bread 25g;

Chinese food: rice or steamed bread 100g, braised carp 150g, fried double flowers with vegetables 200g, corn soup (fresh corn 100g (with sticks), pine nuts 5g, 3g); Starch);

Intermittent meal: apple150g; ;

Dinner: 50g noodles, 50g purple steamed bread, 50g liver sauce, fish head tofu soup (tofu 100g), 300 g lettuce in oyster sauce;

Intermittent meal: 250ml of fresh milk or yogurt, 25g of oats.

Nutritional essentials and dietary examples in the second trimester: the weekend of pregnancy 13 ~ 27 is the second trimester, which is the period of rapid fetal development. Although the formed organs are not yet mature, some tissues, organs and systems that already have certain functions are growing and developing at a faster speed, and the average daily growth of the fetus is 10g. Especially the fourth month of pregnancy is the first peak of fetal brain cell differentiation, and the bone growth becomes faster after 20 weeks. In order to meet the needs of the fetus, the mother itself has also undergone a series of physiological changes, such as the increase of blood volume, uterus and * * *, which have increased the demand for nutrition.

Supplementing sufficient energy with 1 not only meets the needs of this stage, but also supplements the deficiency of early pregnancy;

2 To ensure the intake of high-quality protein, pregnant women are required to increase the protein 1.5g/d on the basis of the original physiological requirements, and it is suggested that high-quality protein sources, such as fish, poultry, eggs, beans and milk, should be the main sources;

3 Vitamins need to increase During this period, the demand for vitamins involved in energy metabolism has greatly increased, such as vitamin B, vitamins A and C involved in bone development, and their demand has also increased. Therefore, coarse grains should be added to the food in the second trimester, and animal viscera, vegetables and fruits are also good sources of vitamins;

Ensure that the intake of food rich in trace elements can meet the demand of blood volume and red blood cells for trace elements in the second trimester, that is, increase animal liver and aquatic products (especially deep-sea animals and plants) in the diet.

Examples of diet in the second trimester (taking height 165cm, normal weight and light physical labor as examples)

Daily food composition: 350 ~ 450 g of cereal; Fish, poultry, eggs and meat 200g；; 500 grams of vegetables; 250 ~ 500ml of dairy products and beans; Fruit100 ~ 200 g; Nut 25g；; Vegetable oil 25g. In addition, it is recommended to eat seafood 1 time every week to supplement iodine and zinc; Eat 200g animal liver and blood twice a week to supplement iron. Due to individual differences, all pregnant women should not be mechanically required to eat the same amount of food, but should be given individualized guidance.

Examples of recipes: breakfast: steamed bread or bread 100g, eggs 50g, milk 250ml；;

Intermittent meal: walnut or peanut 25g, whole wheat bread 25g;

Chinese food: rice 125g or steamed bread, braised yellow croaker 150g, fried double flowers with vegetables 200g, corn soup (fresh corn 100g (with sticks), pine nuts 5g, 3g); Starch);

Intermittent meal: apple150g; ; 100ml milk or 350ml soybean milk;

Dinner: 30g of eight-treasure porridge, 75g of purple steamed bread, 50g of sauce liver and 300g of fish-head tofu soup (tofu100g); Lettuce in oyster sauce;

Intermittent meal: fresh milk or yogurt 120ml, oats 25g.

Nutritional essentials and dietary examples at the end of pregnancy: The end of pregnancy refers to the 28th week of pregnancy and the end of pregnancy, during which the fetus develops extremely fast, its volume increases rapidly and its brain proliferation reaches a high level. Therefore, it is very important for pregnant women to have a reasonable diet, which requires both energy balance and nutritional balance. However, because the uterus rises to the top of the upper abdomen and oppresses the stomach and diaphragm, you can't eat too much at a time, so it is more suitable for a small amount of meals.

1 Supplementing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids accelerates the division of fetal brain cells and increases the demand for phospholipids. DHA and ARA required by the fetus can be synthesized from linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which are essential fatty acids in the mother, and can also be directly provided by fish, eggs and other foods.

Increase calcium intake and ensure adequate supply of vitamin D to ensure the normal development of fetal bones and prevent the loss of maternal bone calcium. It is recommended to supplement calcium with milk, such as milk, yogurt, cheese and other dairy products.

Ensure that the body weight is suitable for growth, especially after 36 weeks of pregnancy, and appropriately limit the intake of fat and carbohydrates to avoid dystocia caused by too large a fetus.

4 Vitamins should be sufficient, especially water-soluble vitamins. Lack of vitamin B 1 in the third trimester can cause vomiting and burnout, and can also cause uterine contraction weakness and prolong the labor process.

5 Appropriate restriction of sodium intake by pregnant women at the end of pregnancy is prone to edema caused by water and sodium retention, and it is required to appropriately limit sodium intake at the end of pregnancy.

Examples of meals at the end of pregnancy (taking height 165cm, normal weight and light physical labor as examples)

Daily food composition: ensure the intake of cereals, beans, vegetables and fruits; The total amount of fish, poultry, eggs and meat every day is not less than 250g; Aquatic products at least 3 times a week (marine fish at least 1 time); Ensure the intake of milk and bean products, and supplement calcium 300 ~ 600 g/d at the same time; Animal viscera and blood are good sources of iron and B vitamins.

Examples of recipes: breakfast: 100g noodles with shredded chicken and vegetables, 50g eggs;

Intermittent meal: 50 g shepherd's purse wonton;

Chinese food: rice or steamed bread 125g, braised pork with louver 100g, sesame spinach 200g, corn soup (fresh corn 100g (with sticks), pine nuts 5g, 3g); Starch);

Intermittent meal: apple150g; ; 250ml of milk or 400ml of soybean milk;

Dinner: 75g steamed bread, 50g sauce liver, kelp tofu soup (tofu 100g), 300g fried shrimp and cucumber;

Intermittent meal: milk oatmeal (milk 120g, oatmeal 25g).