Nanyang city is located in the southwest of Henan province, at the junction of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. It is adjacent to Zhumadian City and Xinyang City in Henan Province in the east, Xiangfan City and Yunyang District in Hubei Province in the south, Shangluo District in Shaanxi Province in the west, Sanmenxia City, Luoyang City and Pingdingshan City in Henan Province in the north. The total area of the city is 2.65× 104km2, accounting for 16% of the total area of the province. In 2004, the population was10.69 million, accounting for 1 1% of the total population in the province. This area is the center of the triangle composed of Zhengzhou, Wuhan and Xi 'an, with Jiaozhi Railway running through the north and south and Ningxi Railway running through the east and west, with superior geographical position and convenient transportation.
Nanyang city is located in the transition zone from secondary landform to tertiary landform, and the surface formation has the characteristics of transition from east to west landform, with various types of mountains, hills, plains and basins. The working area is surrounded by mountains in the east, west and north, with an altitude of 72.2 ~ 22 12.5 m, the central and southern parts are flat and open, and the terrain gradually inclines to the central and southern parts in a ladder shape, with a ground slope of 1/2000 ~ 1/4000. With the river as the skeleton, a horseshoe-shaped basin connected with Jianghan Plain and open to the south is formed, namely "Nanyang Basin". Fangcheng Gorge in the northeast corner of the basin is connected with the North China Plain, which constitutes the famous "South (Yang) Township (Yang) Pass" in history. Funiu Mountain is in the north and northwest, with relatively developed granite landforms, and Tongbai Mountain is in the east and southeast. Zhongshan and low mountains are distributed along NWW-SEE direction, which constitute the dividing line between the three major water systems of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River and the north-south climate, and are also the natural barriers of Nanyang Basin. The mountainous area is 9709km2, the hilly area is 7980km2, and the plain area is 89 1 1km2, accounting for 36.5%, 30% and 33.5% of the total regional area respectively (Table 2. 1).
Table 2. 1 Topographic Structure of Counties (Cities) in Nanyang City
The working area is located in the transition zone from the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone, and belongs to a typical monsoon continental semi-humid climate, with severe cold in winter, hot in summer, warm in spring, cool in autumn, distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall and moderate humidity. The annual average temperature is 14.4 ~ 15.7℃, and the annual average rainfall is 800 ~ 1000 mm, mostly concentrated in summer, with the same season of rain and heat. The annual average sunshine hours are 2121h. The frost-free period of the year is between 225 and 240 days.
Rivers in the region are vertical and horizontal, and the water system is developed. River runoff resources are abundant, and the annual average runoff of the whole city is 68.03× 108m3. Rivers have obvious characteristics of rivers in monsoon region, and the flood season is short and concentrated, which is prone to floods. There are abundant groundwater resources, the total amount of shallow groundwater is 22× 108m3, of which the recoverable amount is 7.75× 108m3.
The soil is mainly yellow brown soil, followed by black soil in Jiang Sha, which is suitable for developing agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Nanyang is known as "Zhongzhou Granary", and the main grain crops are wheat, corn, soybean, rice and sweet potato, among which the wheat yield and commodity volume rank first in the province. Cash crops include cotton, sesame, tobacco and peanuts. Forest fruit resources include more than 30 timber forests such as pine, fir and paulownia, and more than 20 economic forests such as kiwifruit, chestnut, jujube and raw lacquer. Chinese herbal medicines include Cornus officinalis, Magnolia officinalis, Platycodon grandiflorum, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Eucommia ulmoides, Pinellia ternata, Scorpio, blood amber and other eight famous products. "Nanyang Yellow Cattle" is one of the five excellent yellow cattle breeds in China, with high body, well-developed muscles and excellent cortex. The output of tussah silk in Nanyang ranks first in the province, and tussah silk enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad.
Animals and plants have obvious transition and complexity. Rich in biological resources, there are more than 2,000 species of plants and 3,000 species of animals in the city, of which more than 40 species of plants and 50 species of animals are listed as national and provincial protected objects.
Nanyang is the region with the largest number of minerals and abundant reserves in Henan Province, with 84 kinds of proven minerals. The reserves of trona, crocidolite, high-alumina minerals, jade, silver and copper rank first in China, while the reserves of oil, gold, marl, zinc and lead are abundant, but most of them are small and medium-sized mines and mineralization points. Marble mine and vanadium mine with high mining intensity are all mined by people in the open air, which protects the ecological environment of water supply sources.
Rich in tourism resources. Nanyang is a "national historical and cultural city" with rich human resources and beautiful mountains and rivers. There are 8 national key cultural relics protection units, 57 at or above the provincial level, and Baotianman Nature Reserve. Nanyang region is rich in human resources, with a population of over 6.5438+million, ranking first in the province, and the population has brought pressure to the ecological environment of water sources.
2. 1.2 socio-economic profile
Nanyang City has jurisdiction over two districts, namely, Dengzhou City, Wolong and Wancheng, and six counties, 225 townships, five sub-district offices, 4,653 villagers' committees and 20 1 neighborhood committees, including Nanzhao, Fangcheng, Xixia, Zhenping, Neixiang, Xichuan, Sheqi, Tanghe, Xinye and Tongbai. In 2004, the city's GDP reached 89.246 billion yuan, an increase of 23.24% over the previous year, the highest growth rate since 1996. Per capita GDP exceeds 1000 USD. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 28.425 billion yuan, an increase of 36.8%. The speed and efficiency of industrial economy have been significantly improved. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size reached16.072 billion yuan, up by 24%, and the comprehensive benefit index of industrial economy increased by 137.2%, up by 16.2 percentage points, all reaching the highest level in history. The city's total fiscal revenue reached 5 billion yuan, of which the general budgetary revenue of local finance was 2.732 billion yuan, up by 27.4%, and the general budgetary expenditure was 6.070 billion yuan, up by 65.438+08.80%.
Nanyang is a typical agricultural city, but with the economic development, industry has become the leading industry in the city's economic growth, and has initially formed an industrial system advantage industry with machinery and electronics, textiles, chemicals, food, medicine, building materials and other industries as the main body. Nanyang's export-oriented economy has also begun to take shape, and its position in the city's national economy has been continuously improved. Export commodities have changed from resource-based primary products to processed finished products. In recent years, Nanyang's economy has maintained steady and rapid growth, and the main economic indicators and industrial and agricultural products play an important role in both the total amount and the proportion in the province.