1. Dietary points of patients with hepatitis B.
1, rich in protein.
Protein is the most important nutrient to maintain human life activities. Adults need at least 40 grams of protein every day to meet their minimum physiological needs, while normal people need 70 grams of protein every day.
Patients with hepatitis B must be given enough protein, preferably 100g every day. This is because protein can maintain the growth, renewal and repair of human tissues, and necrotic liver cells also need protein to repair and update.
It was found that the content of protein in milk was 3%, and the digestibility was as high as 97%~98%. Beef, bean products, chicken, fish and eggs are also high-protein foods.
2. The intake of sugar, fat and vitamins should be moderate.
If the staple food of hepatitis B patients is mainly cereals (mainly containing starch and polysaccharides), there is no need to eat more refined sugar. In addition, the intake of fat should not be too high. Vegetables and fruits should be taken in moderation, which can provide enough vitamins and cellulose for the body.
Step 3 supplement trace elements
Most patients with hepatitis B lack trace elements such as manganese, zinc and selenium, and a few patients also lack calcium, phosphorus and iron. Therefore, it is advisable to supplement foods rich in minerals, such as mushrooms, sesame seeds, jujube, medlar and so on.
2. Dietary taboos of patients with hepatitis B..
1, diet should not be too full, avoid overeating.
The liver is an important organ for human metabolism and detoxification. When liver cells are repaired by hepatitis B metabolism, they need high-quality food to provide heat energy, but the nutrition must be properly balanced. Overeating often leads to indigestion, which inevitably increases the burden of digestive organs and tissues such as stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and pancreas, and also increases the physiological load of the brain to control the gastrointestinal nervous system and appetite center. Because excess food becomes feces and stays in the intestine for a long time, harmful substances are produced and accumulated, and they are not excreted in time. After being reabsorbed by the large intestine, it often exceeds the detoxification ability of the liver, prompting the liver to change from quantitative to qualitative and then harden. Excessive poisons can also penetrate the blood-brain barrier and damage the central nervous system. When the liver function is poor, it becomes one of the important factors to promote hepatic coma and hepatocerebral syndrome.
2. Eat less greasy fried products.
According to the viewpoint of modern medicine, patients with hepatitis B and Big Three Yang eat greasy food such as greasy frying, which will weaken the digestive function and easily lead to malabsorption and fat overflow. In addition, when excess fat is deposited in the liver, fatty liver will be formed, which will lead to persistent liver dysfunction. Eating greasy fried products as usual leads to a sharp increase in weight, obesity and many symptoms of qi deficiency and blood stasis; In addition, frying the broken fatty chain will produce carcinogenic chemicals, which will lead to cirrhosis and even transition to cancer. Therefore, the diet of hepatitis patients should be mainly plant food or light food, supplemented by animal food, and the source of heat energy is still mainly food that conforms to the characteristics of China people. Don't be greasy and fleshy for dinner, and eat less peanuts or high-protein hot pot food.
3, fasting spicy food
This is a very important point in the six elements of hepatitis B diet. The diet of hepatitis B patients should avoid eating peppers, because peppers can stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to gastritis and gastric ulcer in severe cases. Hepatitis itself has symptoms of digestive tract discomfort and is not suitable for eating.
4. No drinking
Because the main component of wine is ethanol, which is mainly metabolized by the liver. Normal long-term drinking will increase the burden on the liver and cause liver damage, which will lead to alcoholic cirrhosis. For patients with hepatitis B, drinking alcohol will increase the burden on the liver.
5, advocate the combination of meat and vegetables, learn from each other's strengths.
Vegetarian food is mostly fruits and vegetables, which belongs to alkaline food; Meat is meat, eggs and fish, which often makes the blood acidic. In order to keep the PH value of human blood at 7.4, meat and vegetables must be mixed together to keep the pH value in balance. Excessive meat, vascular fat deposition, hardening and brittleness, easy to suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, fatty liver; Vegetarian diet can remove cholesterol deposits on blood vessel walls. However, vegetarians lack protein, phospholipids and inorganic salts, which can not meet the needs of liver cell repair and health maintenance. The nutritional value of meat food and vegetarian food is different. The biggest feature of meat food is that it contains essential amino acids and high-quality protein. Besides soybeans and bean products, protein, a vegetarian plant, also has its own characteristics and shortcomings. Patients with hepatitis B and big sanyang should pay more attention to the collocation of meat and vegetables, learn from each other's strengths and make up for each other's shortcomings, which is conducive to rehabilitation.
6, should be a long-term fast food.
Pay attention to the freshness of food. Hepatitis B, hepatitis B and hepatitis B patients should pay special attention to the principle of freshness when choosing food, because moldy food contains aflatoxin, which has a very strong carcinogenic effect and can lead to liver cancer.
3, the harm of hepatitis B.
First, hepatitis B virus exists in the body for a long time, constantly damaging the liver.
In the process of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, the body needs to remove hepatitis B virus repeatedly, which can last for several years to decades. Because of the low immune function, the virus can not be removed, the liver tissue is repeatedly damaged and repaired, and the liver appears fibrosis to varying degrees. B-ultrasound examination and histological examination can clearly see that the liver has obvious fibrosis changes. If the treatment is not timely and the fibrosis is not effectively treated, it will turn into regenerative nodules and form false lobules, and about 20% people will develop cirrhosis.
Second, the course of disease can develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer, which is life-threatening.
There may be no obvious symptoms in the initial stage of chronic hepatitis B. Although it is harmful to the liver, many people do not find themselves suffering from chronic hepatitis B. Because the compensatory ability of the liver is getting worse, once hepatitis activities occur, it is easy to have serious consequences such as jaundice, ascites, bleeding, coma and oliguria. Among hepatitis B virus carriers, 50%~75% are chronic hepatitis B with active virus replication. It is estimated that the incidence of chronic hepatitis B progressing to cirrhosis is 2%~20% within five years. From compensated cirrhosis to decompensation of cirrhosis is 20% ~ 23%; From compensated cirrhosis to liver cancer is 6%~ 15%.
Third, other diseases increase the health burden.
Chronic hepatitis B can lead to systemic complications, the common ones are:
(1) Hepatogenic diabetes: There are two types of hepatogenic diabetes. The first type is insulin-dependent, because chronic hepatitis B damages islet β cells, resulting in decreased insulin secretion, which requires insulin supplementation for treatment. The second type is non-insulin-dependent, which means that the physiological function of the liver to reduce insulin blood sugar is reduced, so that insulin can not fully play its role.
(2) Fatty liver: Chronic hepatitis B is prone to secondary fatty liver. After hepatitis, people often gain weight, serum alanine aminotransferase increases moderately, blood lipid increases, and liver B-ultrasound shows fatty liver waves. Mainly due to the increase of fatty acids and sugars entering the liver, fatty acids synthesized by the liver increase or oxidation decreases.
(3) Hyperbilirubinemia after chronic hepatitis B: This means that some patients have mild jaundice after chronic hepatitis B, and the jaundice lasts for a long time. The therapeutic effect of Chinese and western medicine is not good, and most of the liver functions are normal.
Fourth, increase the psychological burden and affect the quality of life.
Chronic hepatitis B not only seriously affects the health of patients, interferes with their normal life, but also causes great psychological harm to patients. Chronic hepatitis B will affect patients' further education, employment, enlistment and marriage, and will also bring heavy economic burden to families. Once suffering from chronic hepatitis B, everyone talks about liver discoloration for fear of avoiding it, which will bring a lot of trouble to study, work and life.