Yunnan has been in a closed zone since ancient times, and the traffic is inconvenient. Even if there are passages connected with the outside world, such as "Shu Dao" and "Ancient Tea-Horse Road", "Shu Dao is difficult to travel and it is difficult to go to the sky", the difficulty of Yunnan Road is far more than that of Shu Dao.

As a result, the population mobility of ethnic minorities in Yunnan is small, the degree of social openness is low, and the degree of social development of various ethnic groups in Yunnan is uneven.

From primitive society to capitalist society, there have been several historical forms in the development of human society.

Due to the long-term closed state and abundant natural resources in history, it is easy to form a closed and self-sufficient natural economy, and thus a relatively complete "isolation mechanism" has been formed.

In this way, its cultural form rarely changes greatly, which determines that Yunnan's national culture has local characteristics.

But it is precisely because of the locality of Yunnan's national culture that it has created its unique charm.

Yunnan's rich and colorful national cultural resources include distinctive national culture, songs and dances, customs, handicrafts, costumes, architecture, food, festivals and so on. These constitute the unique cultural landscape of Yunnan and provide fertile soil for the prosperity of cultural undertakings and the development of cultural industries.

Mainly includes the following aspects:

The first is the national song and dance resources.

Yunnan people have made many beneficial attempts in the market-oriented operation of ethnic folk songs and dances, and Yunnan Image is a successful example of integrating the display, protection and development of Yunnan ethnic song and dance resources.

Second, ethnic and folk craft resources.

Such as metal crafts in Xinhua Village, Heqing County, wood carvings in Jianchuan, tie-dyeing in Dali, mottled copper crafts in Weishan Yi and Bai, Huize, pottery making in Nishi, Shangri-La, purple sand pottery in Jianshui, black pottery and marble products in Zhenyuan, etc.

The third is the cultural resources of national costumes.

The costumes of various nationalities in Yunnan are rich and colorful, and their production techniques are diverse.

Locality and individuality provide space and soil for the survival and development of national costumes.

Fourth, the cultural resources of national festivals.

The Dai people's Water-splashing Festival, the Bai people's March Street, the Yi and Bai people's Torch Festival, the Lisu people's knife and pole festival, and the Jingpo people's longevity song.

These are the carriers of Yunnan ethnic minorities' unique and huge cultural and spiritual wealth and aesthetic needs.

Fifth, ethnic food cultural resources.

The cuisine of various ethnic groups in Yunnan has a strong national color, which also reflects the traditional catering culture and characteristics of various ethnic groups in Yunnan.

Yunnan's unique national cultural characteristics, coupled with the diversity of Yunnan's climate, topography, landforms and biology, have created fascinating natural scenery and made Yunnan a rare and fascinating magical paradise in the world.

In order to build Yunnan into a province with national cultural characteristics, the nativity of Yunnan's national culture is its Kenomoto and its flowing water.

Second, the marginal characteristics of Yunnan's national culture

Due to geographical environment, social economy, historical culture and other reasons, Yunnan is in a marginal area in the social and political sense.

The marginal reasons are various. For example, ethnic minorities have language communication problems, and many people can't speak Mandarin. Their cultural beliefs, management methods and technologies are different from those of the Han nationality and completely different from modern technologies.

Therefore, Yunnan national culture has become a marginal culture for the mainstream culture in the mainland.

In addition to the psychological characteristics such as internal national identity, there are two characteristics of national culture that can be expressed by cultural anthropologists: national language and national art.

They are collectively referred to as the mother tongue of national culture.

It is this mother tongue culture that breeds the national spirit and shapes the national soul.

After the founding of New China, Yunnan's national culture has enjoyed unprecedented prosperity, which is gratifying.

However, some shortcomings in the good situation are really worrying.

Here, I describe a few examples I saw on the Internet.

First, in 2002, a survey report provided by the Music Department of Mengzi Teachers College showed that among the four ethnic minority students born around 1982 in the last century, 6 could speak their own language, accounting for 42.86%. Only two people can sing their own folk songs in their own language, accounting for 14.28%.

In 1960s, minority students could speak their own language and sing their own folk songs.

Compared with the two, the average annual disappearance rate of the mother tongue of the above-mentioned national cultures in the past 40 years is 1.42% and 2 14% respectively.

If we don't take measures to let them drift, then by the time a well-off society is built in an all-round way in 2020, such minority students will be able to speak their own dialects.

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Less than 20%; Before 20 10, among such minority students, it was difficult to find people who could sing their own folk songs in their own languages.

This shows that the replacement of cultural mother tongue in one-way and blood-changing education will gradually dilute the national characteristics of students.

Secondly, in some ethnic areas, after studying or wandering abroad for several years, some young people suddenly feel that their national culture is backward and folk songs are ugly. In front of their hometown elders, they would rather pretend to be new city people, but they are ashamed to disclose their true ethnic groups and speak their local accent.

This shows that even if the mother tongue has not been completely lost, if the cultural value orientation is misled, the national psychology will be distorted and abnormal.

Therefore, while seeing the marginal characteristics of Yunnan national culture, we should be alert to the complete marginalization of various national cultures and maintain these unique characteristics and traditions of Yunnan national culture.

What is worth thinking about is not to let the so-called "modern civilization" erase valuable cultural traditions and lose the soul of the nation.

Third, the harmonious and inclusive characteristics of Yunnan's national culture

The spirit of Yunnan national culture, that is, inclusiveness, open coexistence, closeness to nature and harmonious cultural ecology, embodies a harmonious lifestyle.

Yunnan is located in the southwest border of China, adjacent to Indochina Peninsula. This is one of the birthplaces of mankind, and it is also a region where multi-ethnic cultures blend.

As early as more than 2,000 years ago, Yunnan was China's gateway to India, Southeast Asia and South Asia by land, and it was an important link of ancient people's friendly exchanges.

The famous "Southern Silk Road",

Both the "Shushan Ancient Road" and the "Tea Horse Ancient Road" lead to various places through Yunnan, where different nationalities, religions and cultures blend together, creating the diversity and inclusiveness of Yunnan culture.

According to historical documents, cultural exchanges between Han culture and various ethnic minorities in Yunnan have been quite frequent. Now there are many Han tunes in the Tang and Song Dynasties in Naxi ancient music and Tonghaidong classic music.

In other cultural fields, such as farming culture, food culture, tea culture and so on.

There used to be a splendid bronze culture here, which is one of the cradles of rice culture and tea culture. Great and small historical sites here have made a bold breakthrough in Chinese calligraphy, and the Hani terraced fields step by step are a great initiative to transplant rice to the hillside; Nanzhao culture, Baye culture and Dongba culture, which are famous at home and abroad and have achieved remarkable results, have been bred here. There are pearls and jade in the creation of national folk literature here, and mythical epics make up for a big shortcoming in China's cultural system, and there are countless examples of cultural exchanges.

The characteristics of Yunnan's national culture are that in the long-term integration, the rough and the fine are removed, the strong points are complemented, and they are constantly developed and formed, reaching an inclusive realm.

At the same time, that is, in the process of long-term cultural inclusion and integration, the characteristics and capabilities of Yunnan national culture are getting stronger and stronger.

Yunnan, located at the intersection of China cultural circle, Indian cultural circle and Southeast Asian cultural circle, is not only the most important node of the cultural system network of Asian nationalities, but also the most precious symbiotic treasure house of human cultural heritage. The local, marginal and inclusive nature of national cultures finally gave birth to today's spectacular national cultural diversity, which has become a strong and powerful bright color in Chinese national culture.