1. Key points in reviewing classical Chinese for the high school entrance examination

First of all, you should carefully "eat" the questions in Tianjin's high school entrance examination in the past two years.

In the past two years, the high school entrance examination questions have basically remained unchanged in terms of question structure, question content, question type, and question volume. The test paper is divided into four sections: "Accumulation", "Classical Chinese Reading", "Modern Chinese Reading" and "Composition".

The content of the test questions also remains relatively stable, and the purpose of the test is clear: from the accumulation and application of famous quotes in and out of class, to the reading of classical Chinese in and out of class, to the reading of modern texts outside of class, and finally to the writing of topic compositions. Emphasis is placed on testing students' knowledge accumulation, especially on students' ability to connect with real life and life experience, and use the knowledge they have learned to analyze and solve problems.

How should we analyze the high school entrance examination questions in the past two years? Here is a brief explanation of the four major sections of the test paper. 1. Accumulation part.

The scope of the test is basically the famous passages required to be recited in the junior middle school teaching readings. Recitation review should not only strengthen memory but also understand memory and be able to use it flexibly.

Not only must you recite every chapter, but you must also implement every word, especially the words that are often mistaken when dictating. You must also "review the past" from time to time. Remember: if you make one mistake, you will lose the entire game.

2. Classical Chinese part. The scope of the in-class classical Chinese examination is the reading materials taught in junior high schools.

When reviewing, you must pay attention to the key points. Choose and focus on review content based on the scope and requirements of the exam syllabus and your own familiarity.

Generally test the meaning and usage of common function words and content words in classical Chinese. Content words often examine words with multiple meanings, ancient and modern synonyms, and inflected parts of speech; the examination of sentences focuses on the sentence structure and meaning of key sentences; the examination of content is basically similar to that of modern writing.

From words, phrases, sentences to literary common sense to thoughts, feelings, expression techniques, etc., the key points must be highlighted and the rules must be summarized. Second, choose a good chapter.

Select those articles in the teaching reading section that are both good in quality and beauty. They are often the most typical articles in classical Chinese and have the widest coverage of knowledge. This review can get twice the result with half the effort. In the past two years, most of the extracurricular classical Chinese reading for high school entrance examinations has chosen story-type passages.

The content is relatively simple, and the test content is basically similar to the in-class part. When doing the questions, you must pay attention to the connection with the texts or knowledge points learned in the class, and pay attention to the transfer and application from inside the class to outside the class.

The high school entrance examination syllabus stipulates that the materials for classical Chinese reading come from outside the classroom, which puts a kind of psychological pressure on students, causing them to be nervous when doing questions, affecting their normal performance, and thus not scoring high. However, from the analysis of the high school examination papers in recent years, we will find such a phenomenon. Although the materials for classical Chinese come from outside the classroom, the knowledge points it tests are in class. For example, the examination of classical Chinese words has appeared in textbooks. The test of function words also stipulates a certain number.

So it can be said that it is not difficult to do a good job in reading classical Chinese for the high school entrance examination. As long as our students can have a good grasp of the classical Chinese in the class and have the ability to transfer, then it can be said that it is not difficult to read the classical Chinese for the high school entrance examination. Reading is nothing more than an examination of the classical Chinese in the textbook. In view of this understanding, the author adopted the review method of "first reading, second reading, and third transfer" in the actual review of classical Chinese, which achieved obvious results and reduced students' fear of classical Chinese.

Of course, these three steps are not isolated, but are interconnected, intertwined, and complementary to each other. The so-called "first reading" refers to the overall reading of the passages of the classical Chinese text that are tested, so that you can initially understand the content of the article. Since the classical Chinese reading of the high school entrance examination tests classical Chinese texts with plots and characters, you can reduce the number to a certain extent, which can be said to be reduced by a certain amount. difficulty.

In the process of reading, there must be transfer. For example, "There is a pearl in Yangzhou, it is very big, and the sky is dark." We can transfer, and the "even" in the sentence also appears in our textbooks For example, "the cute one is very fan"; and the "hui" also appears in "the dim and bright changes, the four seasons in the mountains". Through such a migration of the entire article, we can understand the content of the article. "Second reading" means that after reading, if there are still some things that are difficult to understand, we might as well look for some information in the questions. Therefore, our reading is to read the questions.

Look for information in the question that will help us understand the content of the article. Of course, if we find such words in the title, we also need to migrate them.

"Three transfers" means that in the process of solving questions, the knowledge in class must be used to solve extra-curricular questions. It can be said to be a summary of transfer. The key to being able to do a good job in classical Chinese paragraphs lies in understanding the content of the article. As long as students have the ability to draw inferences from one example, reading classical Chinese in the high school entrance examination is not unpredictable.

Classical Chinese reading questions are mainly divided into two categories. One is the translation category.

The ideas for answering this type of questions are: (1) Roughly know the general idea of ??the whole text and grasp the tendency of the text. (2) Know the meaning of the translated sentence in detail, translate it word for word, and do substitutions, retentions, deletions, additions, and adjustments.

Pay attention to the key words in the sentence when translating. These words are often scoring points. (3) The meaning of words in the text can also be deduced from modern words and idioms.

(4) In addition, we should also pay attention to special phenomena such as the inflection of parts of speech, ancient and modern synonyms, common falsehoods, partial meanings and compound words. (5) If literal translation does not make sense, use free translation.

It must be deduced based on the context, not limited to the structure of the original text, and bold inferences related to the actual life. The second is revelation.

When answering this type of question, you should pay attention to your ideological tendency, grasp the author's basic emotional stance, connect the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the critical sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and aspects. 3. Modern literature reading part.

It is necessary to grasp the "test points" and master the answering skills. In the past two years, most of the selected articles for modern literature reading in the high school entrance examination were an essay that focused on argumentation and an article on natural science.

Therefore, in the final review, you should choose as many of these two types of articles as possible for practice in extracurricular selections. In addition, when setting up reading questions, they are generally tested in the order of "whole - part - whole".

When doing the questions, remember firmly: "The answer is not in your mind, the answer is only in the original text." At the same time, this is also the only criterion for us to test the effectiveness of the answer. The examination of any passage focuses on two aspects, one is the screening of information, and the other is the understanding and analysis of the reading materials.

During the reading review, you should pay attention to the connection between sentences and paragraphs, understand the author's point of view and the writing intention of the article, and grasp the article as a whole. First, clarify "written" "What" and "Why write" are two questions. The most important and effective method is "reliance. 2. Absolutely high scores in common knowledge of classical Chinese in junior high schools

Sorting out the knowledge of classical Chinese in junior high schools 1. Pronunciation of characters (1) Polyphonetic characters The so-called polyphonic characters refer to words with two or more pronunciations.

Different pronunciations of a Chinese character also mean different parts of speech, different meanings and different usages. Therefore, it is very important to master the polyphonic characters in classical Chinese.

For example: Husband has a reading of fú. When I see my husband Baling is victorious, if the husband is raining and falling, I attack the husband's ring. There is a reading of fū. Then I lead my descendants to bear the burden. The husband is talking nonsense. There is a reading of jiān. When ordered to be in danger, there is a reading of jiàn. In the middle, I pull. The sound of collapse is separated from outsiders. Students should classify and sort out the words when reviewing (2) Different readings of words refer to a word with more than two readings. There are three types of different readings in classical Chinese: broken sound readings and false readings. Varied pronunciation, ancient pronunciation.

1. Varied pronunciation of broken sounds was also called "reading" or "broken sounds" in ancient times. It is a way to express different parts of speech and meanings by changing the usual pronunciation of words, such as: Wang Yuanyin wáng Po Yin wàng Nai Dan Shu silk said "Chen Sheng Wang" Original pronunciation yǔ Po Yin yù Here the human language goes "not enough for outsiders" 2. Tongjia different readings Tongjia different readings mean that in the Tongjia phenomenon, Tongjia characters must be Read it according to the pronunciation of this character.

For example: Who knows how much you know zhìhuzhitongzhihequzhisoudewú Yingshutongwuzhou is about eight minutes long from beginning to end, there are yuòu, there are the same and 3. The so-called variant pronunciation of ancient pronunciation refers to some ancient proper nouns, such as: names of people, places, official names, clan names, names of artifacts, surnames, etc. Because they are proprietary, they are fixed and the ancient pronunciation is preserved. Khan kèhán yān Yanshan Wu Guangzhe, Yangxia Jiǎ people, courtesy name Uncle

2. Classical Chinese content words mainly include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, and quantifiers. They have real meanings and can Answer the questions separately. (1) Different meanings between ancient and modern times.

In classical Chinese, some ancient and modern words have the following differences in meaning due to evolution: ①The meaning of the word has expanded. " and "river" in ancient times specifically referred to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, but now refer to rivers in general.

② The meaning of the word has narrowed. For example, the wife in "leading his wife to come to this desperate situation" refers to his wife and son, and now it specifically refers to his wife and son. Refers to a man's spouse.

③The meaning of the word has changed. For example, the ancient meaning of "despicable" in "The emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable" means low-level and vulgar (that is, low status and low knowledge), but now it means bad moral character and unworthy of knowledge. The meaning of morality.

④The meanings of the words are intertwined. For example, "pity" means pity in both ancient and modern meanings, but the word "Xiang Yan is a Chu general who has made many merits and loves his soldiers, and the Chu people pity them". "Pity" is interpreted as love and pity, which is more suitable for the meaning of the text.

) thank (apologise) borrow (even if the borrowing order is not beheaded) compare (wait until the comparison is over) intermittent control (pull apart) evil (how) appoint the pool to set out to levy (examine) husband or (someone someone) ) Advance and retreat loyalty (try your best to do your duty) The prisoner will turn to (the past) division (the army) again. A collection of ancient and modern disyllabic words with different meanings. Transport in desperate situations. The wife no matter the future (the journey ahead) so (--- Methods - reasons) Accounting (gathering and discussion) Often economics (planning and management) Relatives (today's meaning: a family or its members who have a marriage relationship or blood relationship with one's own family) Ancient meaning: parents, brothers, closest relatives, flesh and blood) Antarctic (from the south) Arrive at a certain place) Empty (rush to the sky) Despicable (low and vulgar) Hate (sad and regretful) Be grateful (sentimental and excited) Sacrifice so (the preposition Yu is used with the pronoun is) Think (put - as something beside the house) Five willow trees, because the number is Yan) can be the next year's geometry (how many) (2) Flexible use of parts of speech. In classical Chinese, in a specific language environment, some content words temporarily change the meaning and function of the original part of speech to which they belong, and are used as words of another type. This phenomenon is called "speech class inflection".

The main situations of conjugating parts of speech are as follows: ①Conjugating nouns into verbs. For example, the word "domain" in "The people of the domain are not bounded by the boundaries of the territory" means restriction.

There is a wolf hole in which a woman caresss and feeds her baby. Who is named? The man will beat the drum and place it in the belly of the fish. He uses a net to catch the wolf. He dare not come forward. He is willing to saddle the horse for the city. You can't say even one part of the name "Buy". ②The noun is used as an adverbial. For example, the word "Jibin" in "Jibin was transported to the end of the Bohai Sea" refers to the use of a dustpan (to hold earth and rocks), indicating a means of transportation.

One of the dogs is sitting in front. Like a dog, the fox crows and calls out: Confucius traveled eastward. Nai Dan writes on silk: Wu Gorge in the north, Xiaoxiang in the South Plowing in Longmu, personally ③ Use adjectives as nouns. For example: The "kindness" in "These are all kind-hearted" refers to kind and honest people.

People with strong ability and weak ability commit crimes. ④ Use adjectives as verbs. For example: "Kin" and "Yuan" in "Kin Xianchen, Yuan Xiaoren" mean closeness and distance.

There is a good ventriloquist in Beijing who is good at carrying forward the spirit of great lofty ideals. ⑤ Conjugate verbs into nouns. For example: "Exhaust the output of the land, exhaust the input of the house". The "exit" and "in" in "exhaust the output of the land, exhaust the input of the house" mean what is produced and what is received.

The fierce waves are like running. The galloping horse slaughters the fear and throws the bones into the butcher. ⑥The usage of meaning. Some nouns and adjectives take an object, and the semantic meaning includes "take... as...", "think... is... A. The connotation of the noun, subjectively what the object is considered to be. Example: The father is good at it.

Li: Originally a noun, now it is a conative verb, which can be translated as "thinking this is beneficial" B. The conative action of the adjective means that the object is subjectively believed to have certain characteristics and characteristics. Example: I don't feel ashamed to ask - ―It's a shame. They are all small. They think it's strange. They think it's weird. ⑦ Usage of verbs A. The usage of verbs is so wide that they want to die in a few words. They are angry and enraged. ——I'm angry so I'm moved. Endurance has benefited people who could not do it. B. The use of adjectives makes one's mind and body work hard, and the form of labor without any form of labor - tired (3) has many meanings in ancient Chinese. Most of them are one word, so the polysemy of one word is actually one word with multiple meanings. The so-called "polysemy" means that it has both original meaning and extended meaning, metaphorical meaning, etc.

Understanding the word. Polysemy requires understanding and learning their multiple meanings in ancient Chinese, and identifying and determining their meanings in specific contexts. Collection of common classical Chinese words in junior high schools An (1) adjective, stable, comfortable, and then know to live in sorrow and die. Yu Anle (2) adjective, stable,.